Analysis of seasonal snowmelt contribution using a distributed energy balance model for a river basin in the Altai Mountains of northwestern China     

Xuejiao Wu  Wei Zhang  Hongyi Li  Yinping Long  Xiaoduo Pan  Yongping Shen 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14046

Snowmelt water is a vital freshwater resource in the Altai Mountains of northwestern China. Yet its seasonal hydrological cycle characteristics could change under a warming climate and more rapid spring snowmelt. Here, we simulated snowmelt runoff dynamics in the Kayiertesi River catchment, from 2000 to 2016, by using an improved hydrological distribution model that relied on high-resolution meteorological data acquired from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (Fnl-NCEP) that were downscaled using the Weather Research Forecasting model. Its predictions were compared to observed runoff data, which confirmed the simulations' reliability. Our results show the model performed well, in general, given its daily validation Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.62 (from 2013 to 2015) and a monthly NSE score of 0.68 (from 2000 to 2010) for the studied river basin of the Altai Mountains. In this river basin catchment, snowfall accounted for 64.1% of its precipitation and snow evaporation for 49.8% of its total evaporation, while snowmelt runoff constituted 29.3% of the annual runoff volume. Snowmelt's contribution to runoff in the Altai Mountains can extend into non-snow days because of the snowmelt water retained in soils. From 2000 to 2016, the snow-to-rain ratio decreased rapidly, however, the snowmelt contribution remained relatively stable in the study region. Our findings provide a sound basis for making snowmelt runoff predictions, which could be used prevent snowmelt-induced flooding, as well as a generalizable approach applicable to other remote, high-elevation locations where high-density, long-term observational data are currently lacking. How snowmelt contributes to water dynamics and resources in cold regions is garnering greater attention. Our proposed model is thus timely perhaps, enabling more comprehensive assessments of snowmelt contributions to hydrological processes in those alpine regions characterized by seasonal snow cover.  相似文献   

阿尔泰山南缘克兰盆地主要铅锌矿地质及成矿流体特征          下载免费PDF全文

康吉昌  刘敏 《地质科学》2011,46(2):559-569

克兰盆地是阿尔泰山南缘最大的火山沉积盆地,位于阿尔泰南部增生造山带的弧后盆地内.该盆地内矿床多为喷流沉积改造型铅锌矿床,它们具有相似的成因,且形成于同一时期,研究表明这些矿床也具有相似的流体包裹体特征、均一温度及组成.成矿流体物理化学条件的改变对成矿有重要意义.  相似文献   

阿尔泰花岗伟晶岩年代学研究现状——兼谈常规年代学方法在花岗伟晶岩定年中之困惑   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

钟龙  王政华  刘玉琳 《新疆地质》2011,29(4):412-415

新疆阿尔泰地区是世界上重要花岗伟晶岩产出地,其形成时代颇受关注,已有的年龄数据虽较多,但其可靠性受到质疑,常规年代学方法在花岗伟晶岩定年中遇到挑战.本文主要对可可托海3号伟晶岩脉多种定年方法所取得年龄数据进行分析,认为由于热液蚀变影响,K-Ar法和40Ar-39Ar法不适合于伟晶岩定年;Rb-Sr等时线法可能因矿物存在放射性87Sr明显丢失而不可用;锆石U-Pb法的适用性取决于锆石情况,如锆石受强烈后期改造(内部细小孔洞和热液边)则年龄数据不可信;未受后期扰动锆石可获得可靠年龄数据.铌钽铁矿U-Pb定年法在伟晶岩定年中具优越性,是当前最可靠方法.基于上述理由,前人研究所获得阿尔泰伟晶岩形成时代(加里东期、印支期和燕山期)有待进一步验证.  相似文献   

Chemical Characteristics of Snow-Firn Pack in Altai Mountains and Its Environmental Significance     

王飞腾  王林  康剑  寇福堂 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2011,(4)

In order to study the chemical characteristics of snow-firn pack in Altai Mountains and its environmental significance, a 1.5-m deep snow-firn pack was dug in the accumulation zone (3 300 m a.s.l.) of the Kanas Glacier in August 2009. A total of 15 samples were analyzed for major ions. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow-firn pack are NH4+>SO42->Ca2+>NO3-> Na+>Cl->K+>Mg2+. NH4+ is the dominant cation with a medium value of 4.7 ueq·L-1, accounting for 39.8% of the total cations, an...  相似文献   

A tale of elemental accumulation and recycling in the metamorphosed Keketale VMS-type Pb-Zn deposit,Altai Mountains     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(1):101481

The elemental accumulation and recycling in the metamorphosed Keketale VMS-type Pb-Zn deposit of the Altai Mountains are presented in this study. Based on detailed fieldwork and microscopic observation, the formation of the deposit involved syngenetic massive sulfide mineralization and epigenetic superimposed mineralization. Different generations of iron sulfides (i.e., pyrite and pyrrhotite) with contrasting textural, elemental, and sulfur isotopic features were generated in primary mineralization (including hydrothermal iron sulfides, colloform pyrite) and secondary modification (including annealed iron sulfides, oriented iron sulfides, and vein-pyrite). It is revealed that the spatial variation in textures and elements of hydrothermal iron sulfides depends on the inhomogeneous fluid compositions and varied environment in VMS hydrothermal system. Both leached sulfur from the footwall volcanic rocks and reduced sulfur by the TSR process are regarded as important sulfur sources. Furthermore, large sulfur isotopic fractionation and negative δ³⁴S values were mainly caused by varied oxygen fugacity, and to a lesser extent, temperature fluctuation. The epigenetic polymetallic veins that contain sulfides and sulfosalts (e.g., jordanite-geocronite, bournonite-seligmannite, boulangerite) were considered as the products of metamorphic fluid scavenged the metal-rich strata. All things considered, it is indicated that two episodes of fluid with distinct origins were essential for the formation of the deposit. The predominant evolved seawater along with subordinate magmatic fluid mobilized metals from volcanic rocks and precipitated massive sulfides near the seafloor are vital for primary mineralization. The metamorphic fluid remobilized metals (i.e., FMEs: fluid mobile elements, e.g., Pb, As, Sb) from neighboring volcanic and pyroclastic rocks and destabilized them within the fractured zone are responsible for secondary mineralization, which enhances the economic value of the deposit. Accordingly, metal-rich Devonian strata had been successively swept by different origins of fluid, leading to progressively elemental enrichment and the formation of a large deposit. Furthermore, the current study enlightens that FME-bearing veins with economic benefits can be discovered near the metamorphosed VMS deposits.  相似文献   

新疆托库孜巴依和金坝矿床闪长岩与金成矿关系：锆石定年与载金矿物特征约束     

覃毅学  孔华  段旦  刘飚  吴堑虹  包中林  吴鸿飞 《矿床地质》2023,42(2):381-395

托库孜巴依矿床和金坝矿床位于中国阿尔泰南缘西段,是中亚成矿域的重要组成部分。矿区内广泛分布闪长岩脉,与金矿脉具有密切的空间关系,但其与金成矿是否具有成因关系尚不清楚。本次研究采用野外调查、显微鉴定、矿物自动分析系统、LA-ICP-MS等分析方法,对金成矿作用与闪长岩脉的关系进行探讨。实验结果表明：(1)托库孜巴依矿床和金坝矿床中闪长岩脉受金矿脉穿切,其中闪长岩脉经历了明显的构造变形,而金矿脉却未见显示;(2)金主要分布在石英脉及两侧蚀变带中,托库孜巴依矿床金矿物主要为碲金矿,金坝矿床则以自然金、碲金银矿为主;(3)托库孜巴依矿床与金坝矿床闪长岩具有相近的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄,分别为（382.3±0.9）Ma和（385.5±2.0）Ma,形成于中泥盆世古亚洲洋俯冲期。综合前人研究,金成矿于晚石炭世—早二叠世后碰撞期,闪长岩明显早于金矿形成,二者并不具备成因关系。金成矿可能与韧性剪切带和同期的岩浆活动有关,未来的勘查工作应聚焦于含金石英脉与同期岩浆岩体周围。  相似文献   

Features of magmatim-related metallogeny of Gorny Altai and Rudny Altai (Russia)     

I.V. Gaskov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(8):1010-1021

The Rudny Altai and Gorny Altai regions had different geologic histories and differ in metallogenic patterns. The Vendian-Early Cambrian to Permian-Triassic multistage evolution of Gorny Altai included subduction, accretion-collision, and rifting events accompanied by magmatism and related mineralization. Metallogeny evolved in discrete pulses, with especially abundant Late Paleozoic-earliest Mesozoic mineralization. The Devonian-Carboniferous pulse produced diverse mineral deposits (iron, mercury, gold, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, polymetallic ores, and rare earths), some of considerable economic value. The territory of Gorny Altai includes several large ore districts that belong to different zones. They are the Beloretsk-Kholzun iron district in the west, the Kayancha-Sinyukha fluorine-gold district in the northeast, the Kurai gold-mercury and Yustyd rare-metal-silver districts in the southeast, and the Kalguty rare-metal-tungsten and Ulandryk U-REE-Cu districts in the south. The largest mineral deposits are Kholzun (Fe, P₂O₅), Karakul (Co, Bi), Sinyukha (Au), Aktash and Chagan-Uzun (Hg), Ozernoe and Pogranichnoe (Ag), Kalguty (Mo, W), Alakha (Li, Ta), Rudnyi Log (Y,Fe-specularite), and Urzarsai (W-scheelite). Mineralization in Rudny Altai is mainly pyritic: copper-pyrite, pyrite-polymelallic ore, and barite-polymelallic ore. It resides in suprasubduction basalts and rhyolites and in Emsian to Frasnian island-arc volcanics at different stratigraphic levels of Devonian volcanosedimentary sequences in six ore districts. The Kurchum high-grade metamorphic block hosts copper-pyrite and gold-quartz mineralization related to Hercynian volcanism.  相似文献   

Geochemistry,geochronology and Hf isotope of granitoids in the Chinese Altai: Implications for Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt     

Dengfeng He  Yunpeng Dong  Xueyi Xu  Junlu Chen  Xiaoming Liu  Wei Li  Xiangmin Li 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(5):1399-1415

The Chinese Altai in northwestern Xinjiang has numerous outcrops of granitoids which provide critical information on accretionary orogenic processes and crustal growth of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Zircon U-Pb ages, Hf-isotopic compositions and whole-rock geochemistry of monzogranite and granodiorites in the Qinghe County are employed to elucidate Paleozoic tectonics of the Chinese Altai. Granodiorites have crystallization ages of 424.6 ± 3.1 Ma(MSWD = 0.23) and 404.0 ± 3.4 Ma(MSWD = 0.18);monzogranite was emplaced in the early Permian with a crystallization age of 293.7 ± 4.6 Ma(MSWD = 1.06). Both granodiorites and monzogranite are I-type granites with A/CNK ratios of 0.92 -0.97 and 1.03 -1.06, respectively. They also show similar geochemical features of high HREE and Y contents, low Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios, as well as enrichment of Cs, Rb, Th and U, and depletion of Nb, Ta, P and Ti.These geochemical features indicate that the monzogranite and granodiorites were formed in an arc setting related to subduction. The gneissic monzogranites display high SiO_2 and K_2 O contents, and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series. In the chondrite normalized REE distribution pattern, the monzogranite samples exhibit enrichment of LREE with strong negative Eu anomalies(σE u =0.44 -0.53), zircon εHf(t) values from +7.24 to +12.63 and two-stage Hf model ages of 463 -740 Ma. This suggests that the monzogranite was generated from the mixing of pelitic and mantle material. The granodiorite samples are calc-alkaline granites with lower contents of Si O_2 and Na_2 O + K_2 O, higher contents of TiO_2, Fe_2O_3~t, MgO and CaO compared to the monzogranite samples. They also show enrichment of LREE and moderate negative Eu anomalies(σE u= 0.54 =0.81), as well as slightly higher differentiation of LREE than that of HREE. The425 Ma granodiorite has zircon εHf(t) values from -0.51 to +1.98 and two-stage Hf model ages of 1133 -1240 Ma, whereas the 404 Ma granodiorite displays those of +2.52 to +7.50 and 816 -1071 Ma.Geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that granodiorites were formed by partial melting of juvenile lower crust. Together with regional geology and previous data, the geochemical and geochronological data of the monzogranite and granodiorites from this study suggest long-lived subduction and accretion along the Altai Orogen during ca. 425 -294 Ma.  相似文献   

阿尔泰山中部树轮宽度年表特征及其气候响应     

胡建 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(3):19-26

利用阿尔泰山中部地区3个采样点的树轮宽度资料,建立年表,对比3个树轮宽度标准化年表（STD）相关特征参数及年表与气候的响应,结果表明：大东沟（DDG）年表和二道房子（EDF）年表的平均敏感度和信噪比等参数均较大,表明2个年表含有较丰富的气候信息。2个年表的显著性水平达到0.01的自相关大多在4阶以内,表明气候对阿尔泰山中部树轮宽度生长的影响主要表现在当年及其后的3 a,其＂滞后效应＂较明显。位于阿尔泰山中部森林中下部林缘的大东沟树轮宽度年表（DDG）与上年11月-当年4月的降水量有显著的正相关（r=0.503,p〈0.001）;而位于阿尔泰山中部森林上树线附近的哈依萨萨依树轮宽度年表（HYS）对当年6-7月的月平均最低气温有明显的正相关（r=0.462,p〈0.001）,但同时与当年1月的降水有很好的响应。  相似文献   

Postglacial environmental change in the valley of Malye Chily River (the basin of Lake Teletskoye), northeastern Russian Altai     

Dmitry V. Chernykh  Dmitry V. Zolotov  Anna V. Grenaderova 《自然地理学》2014,35(5):390-410

The evolution and current state of landscapes around Lake Teletskoye have not previously been studied in detail. In the valley of the Malye Chily River, which flows into Lake Teletskoye, the timing of dam failure and draining of two moraine-dammed lakes has been identified. Botanical analysis, ash content determination, and radiocarbon dating of two peat profiles provide insight into postglacial evolution of wetlands related to this landscape. We found clear evidence of the disappearance from the peat of higher vascular species that, today, grows mostly in the plains of Siberia. Correlation of the data obtained with the accepted chronology of the Holocene events in the Russian Altai suggests the following stages of postglacial environmental change in the Malye Chily River valley: (1) the continuation of the Late Würm glaciation degradation (before 7000?cal. yr BP); (2) Holocene Climate Optimum (7000–5000?cal. yr BP); (3) Akkem cooling (5000–4200?cal. yr BP); (4) warm period (4200–3700?cal. yr BP); and (5) Historical cooling (3700–1600?cal. yr BP).  相似文献