不同厚度层状边坡动力响应的模型试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

王丽丽  梁庆国  孙文  刘贵应 《地震工程学报》2013,35(3):590-596

采用振动台物理模拟试验方法,以4种不同覆土厚度的层状边坡模型为研究对象,水平输入振幅逐渐增大的正弦波加速度,分析了结构面上覆不同厚度土层对动力作用下边坡的稳定影响.研究了在动力作用下边坡的破坏位置和性质、破坏形式及最危险覆土厚度,验证了坡面放大效应与高程的关系,采用MIDAS/GTS软件对模型试验进行振型分析,分析了模型边坡的自振频率与覆土厚度的变化关系.试验结果表明：①模型破坏时最先出现的裂缝在边坡的中上部,且6 cm覆土厚度的模型对振动的响应最大,对应到实际工程中时12m厚度土层覆盖的边坡是最应该注意防护的.②不同厚度的土层破坏的形式不同：当土层厚度较薄时模型破坏较迅速,基本沿结构面发生整体滑动破坏,且滑动呈现一定的流体特性;当覆土较厚时裂缝先在模型中上部出现,随着振动的持续裂缝继续发展,最后发生整体性崩塌.③随着高程的增加峰值加速度总体呈放大趋势,但最大值出现在边坡中上部而非坡顶,说明不仅均质边坡有加速度的高程放大效应,层状边坡也具有加速度的高程放大效应.  相似文献   

施甸盆地三维地震动研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘启方  于彦彦  章旭斌 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(4)

本文利用三维施甸盆地模型以及川滇地区的地壳速度结构,采用谱元法和并行计算技术,考虑地形的影响,模拟了盆地外围中等设定地震作用下施甸盆地地震波的传播,分析了面波的产生和传播,研究了该盆地不同位置剖面地震动的差异和原因.研究表明,小型盆地在中等地震的作用下盆地内部地震动空间差异很大,盆地中较深的小型凹陷更容易汇聚面波,形成更强的振动,位于覆盖层厚度剧烈变化区域的地震动强度也会很大,甚至大于覆盖层厚的区域.较基岩地震动,盆地内地震动持续时间明显增加,地震动的放大作用明显,这也是盆地震害严重的主要原因之一.  相似文献   

Microscopy and rock magnetism of fine grain-size titanomagnetite from the Jacupiranga Alkaline Complex,Brazil: unearthing Ti-magnesioferrite nanoparticles     

Luis M. Alva-Valdivia  María de la Luz Rivas-Sánchez  Jesús Arenas-Alatorre  Avto Goguitchaishvili  Omar Ferreira Lopes 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(2):93-110

Very fine samples from the mineralized zones of the Jacupiranga complex at the Cajati mine were selected for crystallographic identification of Ti-magnesioferrite (TMf) nanostructures embedded in titanomagnetite (TM) using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A magnetic concentrate obtained of pyroxenite samples (sites 4 to 7) was reduced and divided into fractions of distinct range sizes: 26±2 μm, 19±1 μm, 13±1 μm, 9±1 μm, 6±1 μm and 6-0.1 μm. The mineralized samples of carbonatite and pyroxenite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmitted and reflected light microscope, and scanning electron microscope with multielemental analysis. The finest magnetic concentrate sample (MC₆) was analyzed under high-resolution transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) and high angle annular dark field and Raman spectroscopy. Magnetic properties were measured for the distinct granulometric fractions, showing drastic changes when grain sizes go beyond the frontier from micro to nanometer sizes. Frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility percentage (÷_fd%) report higher values (10.2%) for the finer fractions (6±1 μm and 6-0.1 μm) attributed to dominant fractions of superparamagnetic particles. Nanometer and < 6 μm grain size TMf in TM particles require a magnetic field up to 249 mT to reach saturation during the isothermal remanent magnetization experiment. Coercivity and remanent magnetization of these samples increase when the particle size decreases, probably due to parallel coupling effects. Magnetic susceptibility versus temperature experiments were conducted two times on the same (< 35 nm) sample, showing that the repetition during the second heating is probably due to the formation of new TMf nanoparticles and growth of those already present during the first heating process.  相似文献   

Contribution to the Global Warming Mitigation of Marshlands Conversion to Croplands in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China     

Xiao‐Hui Liu  Gui‐Hua Dong  Yuan Zhang  Xian‐Guo Lu  Ming Jiang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(4):319-324

Based on the estimation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestration of the total conversion of marshlands (TMC), marshlands conversion to paddy fields (MCPFs) and marshlands conversion to uplands (MCULs), this study revealed the contribution to the global warming mitigation (CGWM) of paddy fields versus uplands converted from marshlands in the Sanjiang Plain (excluding the Muling‐Xingkai Plain on south of Wanda Mountain), Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. The results showed that the total area of MCPFs and MCULs was 504.23 × 10³ ha between 1982 and 2005. The CGWM per unit area was 45.53 t CO₂eq/ha for MCPFs and that was 23.95 t CO₂eq/ha for MCULs, with an obvious 47.40% reduction. The MCPFs and MCULs ecosystems acted as the carbon sink all of the year. As far as CGWM per unit area is concerned, MCPFs mitigated the greenhouse effect which was greater than MCULs. And it was effective that the implementation of the uplands transformed into paddy fields in Northeast China with regard to marshlands protection and croplands (including paddy fields and uplands) reclamation.  相似文献   

整体式GNSS接收机多路径效应分析     

何书镜 《地理空间信息》2013,11(2):122-124,129

探讨了GNSS接收机天线多路径效应的计算和分析方法,分别运用由多路径计算原理编制的数据分析软件和TEQC软件处理整体式GNSS接收机获取的数据,并进行对比分析,其结果说明多路径效应的大小与高度角存在线性关系。在实际数据预处理中,可通过分析软件代替TEQC,简单方便地获得站点的多路径信息,对站点的数据评定提供有效的质量信息。  相似文献   

边疆少数民族地区高校《遥感基础与应用》课程教学的几点思考和体会     

唐爽  肖峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(8):264-266

《遥感基础与应用》课程是土地资源管理专业的专业必修课,根据边疆少数民族地区高校学生的特点,按照因材施教的原则对汉族和民族学生区别教学,确定不同的教学内容和教材。采用启发-互动式、鼓励加分式教学,充分利用多媒体丰富课堂内容,尝试创新性实验教学,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学质量。  相似文献   

超声激励低渗煤层甲烷增透机理   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

肖晓春  潘一山  吕祥锋  杨新乐 《地球物理学报》2013,56(5):1726-1733

超声激励增透煤层是一种不受甲烷储层地质条件和气源特性限制,具有普遍应用价值的增采技术.但由于煤岩致密、裂隙发育,煤岩孔隙度存在多尺度效应,受储层介质尺度效应影响的增透促吸机理尚不明确.本文通过CT观测实验和渗透率测定实验,对超声波作用下煤样不同尺度裂隙发展规律进行了分析,对比测定超声作用煤样渗透率变化规律,建立了超声增透煤层甲烷渗透率的修正公式.研究结果表明:CT观测实验很好地证明了超声的机械震碎作用;在声场衰减范围内,煤体损伤和机械震碎作用明显;超声波作用后的煤层渗透率有平均135%～169%的提高.研究工作为超声激励增加煤层的渗透率提供了实验基础.  相似文献   

Comparing Traditional and Spatial Segregation Measures: A Spatial Scale Perspective1     

《Urban geography》2013,34(1):66-82

Measuring the level of segregation often encounters two methodological issues: measures are sensitive to changes in the geographical scale of the data and the effectiveness of the measure in reflecting spatial segregation. Several spatial measures have been suggested to measure spatial segregation, but whether they are more or less sensitive to changes in spatial scale has not been investigated, while some spatial measures are relatively scale-insensitive. Using the 1990 Census data of 30 selected U.S. metropolitan areas, this paper demonstrates that these spatial measures, similar to the aspatial measure, report higher levels of segregation when smaller areal units are used in the analysis. Some spatial measures are even more sensitive to scale changes than aspatial measures. Certain patterns of the scale sensitivity were identified, but no general rules can be formulated. A preliminary explanation of the scale effect on spatial segregation measures is offered.  相似文献   

优化开发区域制造业企业迁移的因素及其区域影响——以广东东莞市为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

梁育填  樊杰  柳林  张有坤  陈小良 《地理研究》2013,32(3):497-506

优化开发区域是区域发展的较高级阶段,其内部企业迁移的规律比较复杂。选择制造业发达地区——广东东莞市为案例区,采取半结构式访谈法和调查问卷法探讨优化开发区域制造业企业迁移的影响因素及其区域影响。研究表明,现阶段东莞市劳动密集型企业迁出和资本技术密集型企业迁入并存,劳动密集型企业迁出是要素成本、环境管制、区域依赖性和地方政府博弈相互作用的结果,而产业基础、区域创新要素、产业政策和区域软环境等因素促进资本技术密集型企业的迁入;企业迁移可以促进区域产业升级转型,提高区域生产空间质量和优化区域国土空间结构。  相似文献   

Influences of forest roads and their edge effects on the spatial pattern of burn severity     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

Previous research has shown that forest roads are an important feature in many landscapes and have significant effects on wildfire ignition and cessation. However, forest road effects on burn severity have not been studied at the landscape level. Therefore, the overarching goal of our study is to identify the influences of road edge effects on the spatial patterns of burn severity. We analyzed six fires within the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest on the eastern slope of the Cascades mountain range of central Washington.We generated two categories for assessing road variables: (1) Primary Road Effect Zone (area within 150 m of the nearest road) and (2) Secondary Road Effect Zone (area from 150 m to 300 m to the nearest road). A regular sampling grid including one out of every 9 cells was created for each fire.These grids were intersected with burn severity data in the form of the Relative Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR), road distance category, stream distance, elevation, slope, terrain shape index, heat load index, canopy cover, and fuel type. We fit spatial regression models with RdNBR as the dependent variable.We found that high burn severity is less likely to occur in the Primary Road Effect Zone for most fires, although one fire exhibited the opposite relationship. Forest road edge effects were hypothesized to be an important determinant of burn severity because fragmentation created by roads alters the roadside fuel profile and environment and because road corridors create barriers to fire spread. Recognizing roadside effects on burn severity patterns highlights the need for further study of the range of effects that roads have on fuels and the fire environment and the potential for incorporating road effects into landscape-level assessments of fire risk.  相似文献