地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应性能影响     

石雄 《华南地震》2019,39(2):142-146

为了提高铁路房屋的抗震能力,分析地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应性能,提出基于荷载—变形关系联合评估的地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应评估模型。构建地震动竖向分量的力学响应评估模型,识别铁路房屋的地震屈服响应参数,采用荷载—变形关系和极限荷载结合的方法进行铁路房屋的地震屈服响应应力评估,分析地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的响应。建立动量平衡方程和弯矩平衡方程,构建铁路房屋的地震响应的三阶段荷载—变形模式,实现地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应性能评估模型的优化设计。测试结果表明,采用该模型能有效分析地震动竖向分量对铁路房屋的地震响应性能影响,Simulink仿真结果和有限元模拟结果的准确性较高,力学参数辨识性能优越,计算结果准确可靠。  相似文献   

轻小型无人机在房屋建筑结构类型调查中的应用     

邓飞  窦爱霞  袁小祥 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(4):786-796

房屋建筑结构数据是了解房屋抗震设防能力的基础,获取房屋建筑结构信息具有重要的现实意义。本文在简单介绍无人机遥感系统、房屋建筑信息无人机遥感调查技术流程的基础上,以全国多地多架次飞行任务为应用实例,对无人机照片进行筛选、姿态匹配、照片拼接、纹理映射等处理,获取了房屋建筑密集区的正射镶嵌图和三维场景模型,然后对房屋建筑结构类型进行目视判读,并与地面调查的真实结果比对分析,计算得到目视判读的准确率为91.17%,Kappa系数为0.80。结果表明,轻小型无人机轻便灵活,获取的三维场景模型能有效、直观、准确地进行房屋建筑结构类型判定,可弥补传统实地调查的不足,为评估大范围建筑物的抗震能力提供重要的参考依据。  相似文献   

美国建筑抗震设计的法规体系与设计地震动的确定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张萌  潘华  李金臣 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(2):306-318

本文论述了美国建筑抗震设计法规体系发展演变过程及其代表性的规范、标准与技术文档;分析了美国当前建筑法规中设计地震动参数的重要技术见解,设计地震动的不同层次与作用,基于目标风险的最大考虑地震概念等技术的进展,同时,也总结了美国抗震设计相关法规中设计地震动确定的基本规定。本文旨在从美国庞大复杂的建筑设计法规体系中,梳理出清晰的建筑抗震设计的法规体系脉络与设计地震动的要求,为我国建筑抗震设计中设计地震动的相关研究提供参照。  相似文献   

基于结构类型和使用功能的建筑分类及其应用     

景冰冰  李小军  陈苏  刘辰  熊政辉 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):293-303

基于结构类型的建筑分类是抗震设计和地震灾害分布调查的基础,也是开展建筑结构地震易损性研究所依据的分类形式,而在社会管理中则更注重基于使用功能的建筑分类。上述2种建筑分类方法难以给出恰当的经济损失评估结果,因此在面向地震巨灾保险研究与应用时存在一些不足。首先,传统的建筑分类将建筑的使用功能与结构类型平行处理,未考虑建筑结构类型和建筑使用功能的耦合影响;其次,随着经济社会的发展,建筑结构形式和使用功能均不断地变化,需要发展适用性强大的非固定类型分类方法。本文针对地震巨灾保险业务中建筑分类这一核心问题,结合中国建筑形式和使用功能,从建筑结构分类出发,进一步考虑建筑的使用功能,形成了基于结构类型-使用功能多因素耦合的建筑分类模型,并以北京市典型区域为例,对所提出的建筑分类模型开展应用示范。同时,本文提出的建筑分类模型结合网络信息技术,可解决传统分类应用于具体目标区域时分类指标体系不具备可变性的问题,满足了地震巨灾保险的数据需求。  相似文献   

Empirical formula for fundamental vibration periods of reinforced concrete buildings in Taiwan     

Li‐Ling Hong  Woei‐Luen Hwang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2000,29(3):327-337

More than 30 buildings around Taiwan have been selected to monitor the floor responses under seismic excitation. The structural array monitoring system in each building controls at most 27 channels of accelerometers distributed in several floors. Those buildings were triggered by many events during the past five years of operation. In each building, the records at the basement can be considered as the ground excitation, and the others at the upper floors are the structural responses. The frequency transfer functions of those buildings can be identified by ARX models, and then the fundamental vibration periods are estimated. The identified fundamental vibration periods using different events are compared in order to ensure the reliability of system identification. An empirical formula in predicting the fundamental vibration period is presented through the regression analysis to the identified fundamental vibration periods of 21 reinforced concrete (RC) moment‐resisting frame (MRF) buildings. It is found that the height of a building plays an important role in predicting the fundamental vibration period, compared with the length, width, and time after completion of the building. It is also found that the RC MRF buildings in Taiwan tend to be stiffer than those in the U.S. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于数学形态学的建筑物轮廓信息提取     

王永刚  马彩霞  刘慧平 《国土资源遥感》2010,21(1):49-54

针对高空间分辨率卫星图像上建筑物的特点,提出了一套半自动、快速简单的建筑物二维轮廓信息提取技术流程。首先,利用最大同质性近邻滤波算法(MHN)对图像进行预处理;然后,利用基于数学形态学经典算法(腐蚀、膨胀、开操作及闭操作等)重建的微分形态学断面方法(DMP)进行建筑物二维轮廓信息提取,并在结构算子的步长选择方面对方法进行了初步改进;最后,结合区域标识和面积阈值分割等方法进行了后处理操作。以北京师范大学校园QuickBird图像为例的试验结果显示,该方法不仅对规则建筑物的提取效果良好,还可以有效地提取出形状复杂的建筑物轮廓信息。  相似文献   

An update on automatic 3D building reconstruction   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Norbert Haala  Martin Kada   《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(6):570-580

The development of tools for the generation of 3D city models started almost two decades ago. From the beginning, fully automatic reconstruction systems were envisioned to fulfil the need for efficient data collection. However, research on automatic city modelling is still a very active area. The paper will review a number of current approaches in order to comprehensively elaborate the state of the art of reconstruction methods and their respective principles. Originally, automatic city modelling only aimed at polyhedral building objects, which mainly reflects the respective roof shapes and building footprints. For this purpose, airborne images or laser scans are used. In addition to these developments, the paper will also review current approaches for the generation of more detailed facade geometries from terrestrial data collection.  相似文献   

柯坪地震的灾害评估     

尹光华  陈忠民 《内陆地震》1991,5(4):344-351

根据国家地震局震害防御司制定的“震害评估细则”对1991年2月25日柯坪6.5级地震的震害进行了评估。在实地调查的基础上,对灾区房屋破坏情况进行分区统计,对不同房屋进行分类统计并计算破坏比,得出该地震造成的总的经济损失约461万元。  相似文献   

A locally-constrained YOLO framework for detecting small and densely-distributed building footprints     

Yiqun Xie  Jiannan Cai  Rahul Bhojwani  Shashi Shekhar  Joseph Knight 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(4):777-801

ABSTRACT

Building footprints are among the most predominant features in urban areas, and provide valuable information for urban planning, solar energy suitability analysis, etc. We aim to automatically and rapidly identify building footprints by leveraging deep learning techniques and the increased availability of remote sensing datasets at high spatial resolution. The task is computationally challenging due to the use of large training datasets and large number of parameters. In related work, You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) is a state-of-the-art deep learning framework for object detection. However, YOLO is limited in its capacity to identify small objects that appear in groups, which is the case for building footprints. We propose a LOcally-COnstrained (LOCO) You-Only-Look-Once framework to detect small and densely-distributed building footprints. LOCO is a variant of YOLO. Its layer architecture is determined by the spatial characteristics of building footprints and it uses a constrained regression modeling to improve the robustness of building size predictions. We also present an invariant augmentation based voting scheme to further improve the precision in the prediction phase. Experiments show that LOCO can greatly improve the solution quality of building detection compared to related work.  相似文献   

Petrographical and geochemical characterization of Comblanchien limestone (Bourgogne,France): A fingerprint of the building stone provenance     

Claudine Malfilatre  Philippe Boulvais  Marie-Pierre Dabard  Sylvie Bourquin  Erwan Hallot  Didier Pallix  Denis Gapais 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2012,344(1):14-24

The Comblanchien limestone is a well-known building stone that deserves a quantitative characterization in order to be able to certify its origin. We compare petrographical and geochemical characteristics of limestones commercialized under the name of Comblanchien to those of one of their competitors (VATC, a Portuguese coated grain-bearing limestone). From macroscopic and microscopic observations, the distinction is somehow difficult but the coated grain-bearing Comblanchien samples have δ¹³C values (from +1.75 to +2.25‰) different from those of the VATC sample (negative δ¹³C value). As an example of application of these results, three samples from a building site near Paris are also studied in order to verify their provenance. We conclude that they do not come from quarries from the Comblanchien area, but likely from Portugal. The study shows that a detailed analysis of building limestones may provide a robust tool for discriminating between currently mined stones of different provenances, and thus open the possibility to attach to a given limestone a fingerprint, an identity card, and if required a commercial label.  相似文献