数字高程模型在流域水文模型应用中的若干问题   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

孔凡哲  芮孝芳 《水文》2002,22(5):1-4

数字高程模型(DEM)在流域水文模型中得到了广泛应用,主要是因为DEM能够自动提取流域水文模型所需要的确定流域排水结构的水文信息。回顾并讨论了DEM在流域水文模型应用中的几个问题,主要包括河网自动提取的方法、DEM中排水方向的确定以及封闭洼地的处理,同时还包括在流域水文模型中应用时DEM的结构类型及尺度问题。由于由DEM生成的模拟河网与流域实际河网间存在一定的差别,最后还讨论了如何对模拟河网进行矫正的问题。  相似文献   

黄河流域水循环研究的进展和展望   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：7  

刘苏峡  张士锋  刘昌明 《地理研究》2001,20(3):257-265

总结了黄河流域水循环研究的进展,指出缺乏立足于水循环整体的机理过程的探讨及缺乏较成熟的流域水文模型是已有研究的不足。为能更好地模拟水文过程对各种作用力的响应,今后研究的方向将是建立既考虑垂向水分和能量传输(如降水,蒸发,感热),又考虑水平向的地表水分运动(汇流)和地下水基流过程的黄河流域的分布式水文模型。模型将结合遥感信息与地面资料,建立与区域大气环流模式(GCM)的接口,辅之以野外生态试验小区、径流试验场和室内试验的资料,以深入探索黄河流域水循环动力学机制  相似文献   

元宝山露天矿基岩含水层疏干方法研究     

王儒军  田文明等 《中国煤田地质》2001,13(1):35-37

以大量的水文地质资料和抽水试验以及相邻矿井放水试验实测数据，对元宝山露天煤矿基岩含水层的可疏必及可利用巷道疏干的方法，进行了分析，论证与研究，通过放水试验，初步证明元宝山露天矿基岩含水层采用巷道疏干的方法是可行的。  相似文献   

地下越流排污工程实例及应用前景——以贵阳市金关片区地下越流排污工程为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

尹道谦 《贵州地质》2001,18(1):44-47

以贵阳市金关片区地下越流排污工程为例，充分利用水环境功能差异和有利的自然地理条件，采取地下隧道工程，改变污水流向，以达到饮用水源保护与经济协调发展的目标。  相似文献   

Controls on the nature and distribution of an alga in coal mine-waste environments and its potential impact on water quality   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. S. Brake  H. K. Dannelly  K. A. Connors 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(4-5):458-469

 A dominant non-bacterial microorganism that may strongly impact environmental conditions in acid mine drainage at several Indiana coal mine sites is a single-celled protozoan, Euglena mutabilis. Field data suggest E. mutabilis has high tolerance for elevated total dissolved solids (TDS), to 18 g/l, and acid conditions to pH 1.7. Distribution is restricted to unmixed effluent pH<4.6, with prolific growth between pH 3.0 and 3.5. Additional factors influencing E. mutabilis include preference for areas with lower mineral/colloidal precipitation rates and a stable substrate of iron-rich precipitates. Initial studies indicate that in areas of prolific growth it contributes to oversaturation of dissolved oxygen by up to 200%. The presence of small orange intracellular crystalline-like structures, similar in color to iron oxyhydroxides, suggests that E. mutabilis may be sequestering iron, and possibly other metals. Further work is needed to determine if E. mutabilis contributes to natural mitigation of poor water quality at these and other coal mine sites. Received: 13 January 2000 · Accepted: 2 May 2000  相似文献   

冷迳流的稳定性及其解析解的分析     

欧阳首承  朱克云  肖天贵 《大气科学》1992,16(4):502-507

本文利用相法讨论了y方向无限伸延的冷迳流方程.首先发现其非线性项作用由于z方向上的补偿作用而消失,即其相空间的方程是四阶线性常微分方程.利用Hurwitz方法分析其稳定时,证明了唯有中性大气符合冷迳流的稳定性条件.其解析解的趋势表明与观测结果类似.  相似文献   

1991年淮河流域农村洪涝灾情分析   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

史培军  顾朝林 《地理学报》1992,47(5):385-393

本文从灾害系统的概念出发,分析了1991年淮河流域苏皖地区农村洪水的雨情、水情和灾情,并探讨了这次洪水对农村造成严重灾情的原因。  相似文献   

Investigation on the geological and geotechnical factors leading to a major slope failure at a selected site on a Jordanian highway     

Azm S. Al-homoud  Salah Taqieddin  Safwan Saket 《Natural Hazards》1995,12(3):203-224

During and after the very wet 1991/1992 winter experienced in Jordan, significant slope failures occurred along several sections of the new Irbid-Amman highway in Jordan. The topography over most of the route is hilly, and significant amounts of cut and fill were used to construct the highway. One such slope failure lies at 44+800 km on the highway south of Jerash City at a distance of about 5.0 km from Wadi Zerqa bridge. A landslide occurred downslope of the highway embankment resulting in a collapse of the most of the gabbion wall supporting the embankment. This paper deals with the overall stability of the slope at 44+800 km. It presents the geological and geotechnical studies carried out at this site, identifies the causes and mechanism of instability, and presents appropriate remedial measures. The study concluded that the landslide movement occurred within the colluvium material. It resulted primarily from excess piezometric pressures generated within the slope as a direct consequence of inadequate drainage. It is recommended to reconstruct the entire gabbion wall with its foundation seated on the sandstone that underlies the colluvium and to install a surface drainage system at the site.  相似文献   

淄博煤矿矿坑排水对地表水体的污染及对地下水水质影响的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钟佐燊  汤鸣皋  张建立 《地学前缘》1999,6(Z1):238-244

以山东淄博煤田富硫煤（w（St＞2％）煤矿作为典型研究区,阐述了由于直接排放酸性、高SO4离子、高硬度和较高矿化度（TDS）的矿坑水导致的地表水体及地下水的污染。研究区内地表水体的水质主要受控于矿坑排水的质量,区内主要河流、水库已被污染。引用这种受污染的地表水进行灌溉,会引起浅层地下水的严重污染,并影响到饮用此类地下水的人们的身体健康。为揭示污水灌溉过程中水-岩相互作用及地下水污染的机理,进行了现场土柱模拟实验,分别模拟了污水灌溉和降水入渗过程。实验结果表明,污水灌溉过程中SO4-不会被吸附,也不会产生沉淀,因此,污水灌溉是污灌区地下水受污染的主要原因。降水入渗实验表明,污灌区土壤中的SO4-,Ca2+和Mg2+,也可以通过降水淋滤进入地下水,这是污灌区地下水受污染的另一条途径。就对水环境的影响而言,酸性煤矿矿坑排水的环境效应是负面的,应予以高度重视。  相似文献   

Topological properties of disjoint channel networks within enclosed regions     

Michael F. Dacey  W. C. Krumbein 《Mathematical Geology》1976,8(4):429-461

Enclosure of some portion of one or more natural stream-drainage basins by superposition of a rectangle on a map of drainage network results in fragmentation of the natural basins into a set of disjoint channel networks. Each of these may have some channel links and forks of the natural network plus truncated links intersected by the enclosure boundary. The topological properties of the network elements in the enclosure are used to set up a model of random network patterns, in which the number of disjoint channel networks is expressed as a function of the number of links and forks in the enclosures. This function is shown to be a multiplicative constant times the square root of the number of links or forks. Empirical data on square and rectangular enclosures of several sizes from the Inez (Kentucky)Quadrangle map showed that the predicted multiplicative constants do not agree with observation, but that the square-root relation seems to hold at least to a first approximation. The models thus can be used as a norm against which deviations of real-world enclosures from network pattern randomness can be studied.  相似文献