Gelifluction: viscous flow or plastic creep?     

Charles Harris  Michael C. R. Davies  Brice R. Rea 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(12):1289-1301

This paper reports results from two scaled centrifuge modelling experiments, designed to simulate thaw‐related geli?uction. A planar 12° prototype slope was modelled in each experiment, using the same natural ?ne sandy silt soil. However two different scales were used. In Experiment 1, the model scale was 1/10, tested in the centrifuge at 10 gravities (g) and in Experiment 2, the scale was 1/30, tested at 30 g. Centrifuge scaling laws indicate that the time scaling factor for thaw consolidation between model and prototype is N², where N is the number of gravities under which the model was tested. However, the equivalent time scaling for viscous ?ow is 1/1. If geli?uction is a viscosity‐controlled ?ow process, scaling con?icts will therefore arise during centrifuge modelling of thawing slopes, and rates of displacement will not scale accurately to the prototype. If, however, no such scaling con?icts are observed, we may conclude that geli?uction is not controlled by viscosity, but rather by elasto‐plastic soil deformation in which frictional shear strength depends on effective stress, itself a function of the thaw consolidation process. Models were saturated, consolidated and frozen from the surface downwards on the laboratory ?oor. The frozen models were then placed in the geotechnical centrifuge and thawed from the surface down. Each model was subjected to four freeze–thaw cycles. Soil temperatures and pore water pressures were monitored, and frost heave, thaw settlement and downslope displacements measured. Pore water pressures, displacement rates and displacement pro?les re?ecting accumulated shear strain, were all similar at the two model scales and volumetric soil transport per freeze–thaw cycle, when scaled to prototype, were virtually identical. Displacement rates and pro?les were also similar to those observed in earlier full‐scale laboratory ?oor experiments. It is concluded therefore that the modelled geli?uction was not a time‐dependent viscosity‐controlled ?ow phenomenon, but rather elasto‐plastic in nature. A ?rst approximation ‘?ow’ law is proposed, based on the ‘Cam Clay’ constitutive model for soils. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Flow resistance in gravel‐bed channels with large‐scale roughness     

Vito Ferro 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(12):1325-1339

A previously published mixing length (ML) model for evaluating the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor for a large‐scale roughness condition (depth to sediment height ratio ranging from 1 to 4) is brie?y reviewed and modi?ed (MML). Then the MML model and a modi?ed drag (MD) model are experimentally tested using laboratory measurements carried out for gravel‐bed channels and large‐scale roughness condition. This analysis showed that the MML gives accurate estimates of the Darcy–Weisbach coef?cient and for Froude number values greater than 0·5 the MML model coincides with the ML one. Testing of the MD model shows limited accuracy in estimating ?ow resistance. Finally, the MML and MD models are compared with the performance of a quasi‐theoretical (QT) model deduced applying the P‐theorem of the dimensional analysis and the incomplete self‐similarity condition for the depth/sediment ratio and the Froude number. Using the experimental gravel‐bed data to calibrate the QT model, a constant value of the exponent of the Froude number is determined while two relationships are proposed for estimating the scale factor and the exponent of the depth/sediment ratio. This indirect estimate procedure of the coef?cients (b₀, b₁ and b₂) of the QT model can produce a negligible overestimation or underestimation of the friction factor. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

利用遥感信息实现土地利用分类方法研究     

贾庭芳  尹琦  李勃 《云南地质》2008,27(3):383-389

利用ERDAS IMAGINE、MAPGIS和PCI等遥感数据分析处理软件,以昆明-玉溪地区CBERS-02遥感数据为例,提出该地区土地利用分类的方法。  相似文献   

一种资源一号卫星影像的正射纠正方法     

张红英  刘修国 《测绘科学》2016,41(9):66-70,163

针对传统遥感软件处理影像数据正射纠正时控制点精度不高的问题,提出了一种快速、精确正射纠正的改进方案。该方法首先利用PCI、ArcGIS与ERDAS软件相兼容的特点,通过PCI影像处理软件对实验区阳原县高分辨率遥感卫星影像CBERDS-02C进行正射纠正,得出控制点精度残差结果;然后利用ArcGIS软件对纠正后影像进行精度改进;最后在ERDAS影像处理软件中选取同名点对影像纠正精度改进后效果进行验证。实验结果表明:通过对比分析精度改善前后控制点残差结果,在ArcGIS软件中对精度改进是切实可行的。  相似文献   

资源一号02C卫星影像基于已有DOM匹配纠正试验     

于蕾  路明  商博  吴琼 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(6):126-127

主要介绍了资源一号02C卫星影像在各种控制点选取情况下的精度表现,其成果可为地理国情时点校正影像生产提供参考。  相似文献   

基于三线阵航天遥感影像的DEM自动生成   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜挺龚志辉  江刚武谢金华 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(3):178-180,183

由于三线阵立体影像在提取3维空间信息方面具有突出的优点，文中利用MOMS-02前、后视影像对基于三线阵航天遥感影像的DEM自动生成进行了研究与试验，主要内容包括三线阵航天遥感影像的外部定向、数字影像匹配、DEM自动生成等。试验结果表明，采用文中提出的方法用于DEM自动生成可以取得较高的高程精度。  相似文献   

国产遥感传感器大气层外波段平均太阳光谱辐照度计算     

张璐  施润和  徐永明  李龙  高炜 《地球信息科学学报》2014,16(4):621-627

目前,我国大部分遥感传感器的大气层外波段平均太阳光谱辐照度(Mean solar exoatmospheric irradiances over band b,简称ESUN_b)尚未公布,这给遥感图像表观反射率的计算带来了不便,在一定程度上影响了数据资料的应用和推广。本文基于已有官方ESUN_b值的EO1/ALI、Terra/ASTER、QuickBird等多种中、高空间分辨率传感器,对9条常见的太阳光谱曲线进行比较分析。结果表明,WRC太阳光谱曲线最合适计算中分辨率传感器的ESUN_b,而Wehrli太阳光谱曲线最合适计算高分辨率传感器的ESUN_b。基于WRC太阳光谱曲线和Wehrli太阳光谱曲线计算,得到了ZY-1 02C/PMS相机、ZY-3/TLC相机和MUX相机,以及GF-1/WFV相机和PMS相机各波段ESUN_b值,并对ESUN_b值的不确定性进行了分析。结果显示,太阳光谱选取的不同,对ESUN_b的取值会产生-1.94%至1.48%的偏差。本文使用多种卫星传感器交叉比较的方式确定了最佳的太阳光谱,给出了ZY-1 02C、ZY-3和GF-1等卫星搭载的遥感传感器各波段的ESUN_b值,为这些国产卫星遥感数据的广泛应用提供便利。此外,本文所用方法简便易行,在其他新的遥感传感器上具有推广应用价值。  相似文献   

Numerical study of the spatial distribution of the M internal tides in the Strait of Sicily     

Jihène Abdennadher 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2016,110(2):111-129

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Optimization of fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） for the identification of two polar coccoid green algae species     

高小艳  李运广  李会荣  陈雯莉  罗玮 《极地研究(英文版)》2010,21(2):167-179

Standard FISH protocols using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucteotide probes have been successfully applied for in situ detection.However,optimized protocols of FISH for specific eukaryotes in marine environments are often not developed.This study optimized the conditions of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by using two polar isolated microalgae.The modified conditions were as follows: (1) 10 mg·mL-1 lysozyme solution pretreatment at 37℃ for 30 min;(2) the hybridization buffer including 20% formamide;(3) the hybridization condition was 47℃ for 6 h. The cells enumerated by FISH were compared with those enumerated by flow eytometry (FCM) and DAPI to confirm the cell loss and hybridization efficiency.The optimized protocol was also successfully applied to Arctic Ocean samples,which were found to be dominated by Micromonas sp.The modified protocol showed a high relative efficiency and could be successfully applied for the detection of specific microbial eukaryotes in environmental samples.  相似文献   

中巴地球资源卫星数据在地震活断层研究中的应用——以巴里坤断裂带为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

荆凤  申旭辉  冯春  洪顺英  刘静  徐岳仁 《地震》2009,29(2)

本文利用中国自主研发的中巴地球资源卫星CBERS-02的CCD数据,对新疆东天山巴里坤活动断裂带进行了研究.针对CBERS-02的CCD数据特点和地震应用的需求对遥感数据中有关洪积扇期次、断层和阶地的信息进行了增强,在对这些增强信息判读和分析的基础上将巴里坤断裂带分为东(东盐池-巴里坤断裂带)、西(西盐池-东盐池断裂带)两段,根据对每段断裂带微地貌的遥感解译划分了各段的次级断裂.结果表明,CBERS-02的CCD数据能够应用于地震活断层的研究中.  相似文献