用有限应变测量方法恢复地层初始厚度——北京西山中寒武统初始厚度的计算     

章泽军  鲍世聪  曹树钊 《现代地质》1988,2(4):411

本文根据章泽军（1987）提出的方法,通过对鲕粒的应变测量,恢复了北京西山中寒武统的初始厚度。变形后的厚度普遍减薄,仅为初始厚度的1/3—1/4。本区初始厚度具有由西向东增厚的变化规律,并在南部黄院一带最厚,可能为这一时期的沉积中心。从纵向上看,不同时期的沉积中心可能发生迁移。恢复初始厚度不仅为重塑古地理演化过程提供了依据,同时,对构造变形的发生发展也会赋予新的认识。  相似文献   

Architecture of a distal pre-vegetation braidplain: Cambrian middle member of the Wood Canyon Formation,southern Marble Mountains,California, USA     

Jason G. Muhlbauer  Christopher M. Fedo  Jeffrey E. Moersch 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1084-1113

Architectural element analysis and detailed mapping of a 300 m along-strike exposure of the middle member Wood Canyon Formation, southern Marble Mountains, California, USA, provides new evidence for extensive braided–fluvial channel-belt deposits with adjacent overbank environments. Three-dimensional models constructed using ‘Structure from Motion’ techniques, combined with field-based observations, allowed interpretation of outcrop-scale trends, barforms, channel fills and fine-scale features. The ca 80 m thick member is divisible into five distinct units, including units M1 to M3 that form the bulk of the stratigraphy. Units are defined by stacking patterns of three facies associations (Facies Association 1 to Facies Association 3), each representing the product of a subenvironment within the fluvial system. In Facies Association 1, stacked cosets, interpreted as low-relief fluvial bars and channel fills, preserve vertical-accretion and downstream-accretion elements under unimodal north-north-west palaeoflow, with minor lateral accretion near bar edges. Deposits of Facies Association 2 to Facies Association 3, linked to overbank environments, are found only in unit M2, in the middle 27 m of the middle member. Floodplains, represented by Facies Association 2, include crumbly red-orange intervals of fine to medium-grained sandstone and thinner sets of cross-bedding than Facies Association 1, interbedded with thicker cross-stratification indicative of overbank splay or overland flow aggradation from adjacent channel belts during flood stage. Possible aeolian beds of Facies Association 3 preserve broad festooned trough cross-strata that average 23 cm in thickness; their small size, medium-grained sandstone and iron oxide cement suggest a high water table. The diverse assemblage of interpreted subenvironments, paired with bedform and facies patterns, implies a perennial fluvial system that gradually built large sand bars as the channel belt migrated and avulsed across an unconfined braided–fluvial reach, leaving the overbank area on its flanks subject to weathering and aeolian transport. Despite the occurrence of strata deposited in low-energy and ponded settings, and a marine influence proposed for nearby sections of middle member, no ichnofossils were encountered.  相似文献   

四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩沉积组合及其对储集层的控制作用          下载免费PDF全文

杨伟强  刘正  陈浩如  兰才俊  徐哲航  卢朝进  邹华耀 《古地理学报》2020,22(2):251-265

基于前人研究成果, 综合四川盆地龙王庙组野外露头、钻测井、岩心及薄片等资料, 对龙王庙组的岩石类型、沉积亚相和岩石物性进行了详细的分析, 探讨了龙王庙组颗粒滩沉积组合的特征、分布规律及其对储集层发育的控制作用。结果表明： （1）四川盆地龙王庙组可以识别出4种主要的岩石类型, 垂向上主要发育3种与颗粒滩相关的水体向上变浅的沉积组合： 多期颗粒滩垂向叠置、颗粒滩—台坪（混积潮坪）、滩间海—颗粒滩（—台坪）;（2）颗粒滩沉积组合分布受控于古地貌和海平面升降;平面分布主要受控于古地貌, 多期颗粒滩垂向叠置组合主要发育在川中地区, 颗粒滩—台坪（混积潮坪）组合主要发育在川北、川西南地区, 滩间海—颗粒滩（—台坪）组合主要发育在川东、川东南地区;垂向分布主要受控于海平面升降, 与所处层序地层的位置有密切关系, 滩间海—颗粒滩组合多发育于层序中下部, 颗粒滩—台坪（混积潮坪）, 多期颗粒滩垂向叠置组合发育于层序中上部;（3）多期颗粒滩垂向叠置组合最有利于储集层发育, 其次是颗粒滩—台坪（混积潮坪）组合, 滩间海—颗粒滩（—台坪）组合储集层物性较差。  相似文献   

Porosity distribution in cyclic dolomites of the Lower Qiulitag Group (Upper Cambrian) in northwestern Tarim Basin,China     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):425-444

Increasing interests in hydrocarbon resources at depths have drawn greater attentions to the deeply-buried carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin in China. In this study, the cyclic dolomite rocks of Upper Cambrian Lower Qiulitag Group from four outcrop sections in northwestern Tarim Basin were selected to investigate and evaluate the petrophysical properties in relation to depositional facies and cyclicity. The Lower Qiulitag Group includes ten lithofacies, which were deposited in intermediate to shallow subtidal, restricted shallow subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal environments on a carbonate ramp system. These lithofacies are vertically stacked into repeated shallowing-upward, meter-scale cycles which are further grouped into six third-order depositional sequences (Sq1 to Sq6). There are variable types of pore spaces in the Lower Qiulitag Group dolomite rocks, including interparticle, intraparticle, and fenestral pores of primary origin, inter crystal, and vuggy pores of late diagenetic modification. The porosity in the dolomites is generally facies-selective as that the microbially-originated thrombolites and stromatolites generally yield a relatively high porosity. In contrast, the high-energy ooidal grainstones generally have very low porosity. In this case, the microbialite-based peritidal cycles and peritidal cycle-dominated highstand (or regressive) successions have relatively high volumes of pore spaces, although highly fluctuating (or vertical inhomogeneous). Accordingly, the grainstone-based subtidal cycles and subtidal cycle-dominated transgressive successions generally yield extremely low porosity. This scenario indicates that porosity development and preservation in the thick dolomite successions are primarily controlled by depositional facies which were influenced by sea-level fluctuations of different orders and later diagenetic overprinting.  相似文献   

Protoconodont fossils for refining the Cambrian bottom and the contribution to shale gas formation along the southwest margin of Yangtze Block     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):558-566

It has been an intense debate on the exact boundary between Ediacaran and Cambrian in the southwest Yangtze Block. The calibration of this critical boundary has a remarkable influence on the further investigation of the break-up of the Rodinia Supercontinent, the early life evolution, and the mechanism of the phosphorite deposit. Ediacaran and Cambrian strata and fossils are widely distributed in Anning, Yunnan Province in China. In recent years, the Xiaowaitoushan Member from the Lower Yuhucun Formation has been studied. Through this interval with continuous collections, the first appearance datums (FADs) of the protoconodont (Fomitchella cf. inchoate Yang et He, Protohertzina cf. anabarica Missarzhevsky) and globular embryos fossil (Olivooides sp.) earlier than these in the Lower Cambrian strata of the Meishucun Formation were discovered. This discovery indicates that the Xiaowaitoushan Member has included more FADs than the previously discovered single FAD of Anabarites primitivus Qian et Jiang, and the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary in southwest China should be replaced below the Point “A” of the Meishucun Formation in Yunnan Province. The Point “B” of the Meishucun Formation is younger than the suggested age 541 Ma of the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary and can no longer reference the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) correlation in southwest China. It can be suggested based on the previous stratigraphy and palaeontology studies from northern Sichuan and southern Shaanxi and the FAD of the globular embryos fossils that the Ediacaran−Cambrian boundary in the southwest Yangtze Block should be placed at the base of the Xiaowaitoushan Member; other phosphorite strata refer to Xiaowaitoushan Member. The discovery of the FADs of the shelly fossils in the Xiaowaitoushan Member provides new evidence for the global correlation of the Ediacaran –Cambrian boundary in the southwest Yangtze Block. The conodont discoloration index (CAI) of the specimens in Anning is between 2 and 3, which indicates that the organic matter in Xiaowaitoushan Member is matured and has high potential to form a shale gas reservoir.  相似文献   

基于自然伽马能谱测井资料的碳酸盐岩层序地层划分及其对古环境恢复的指示意义——以川东北LT1井下寒武统龙王庙组为例     

梁金同  周刚  曾云贤  和源  朱华  罗冰  谢忱  刘四兵  李笑天  张浩  文华国 《地质论评》2022,68(5):2022092005-2022092005

自然伽马能谱测井资料在碳酸盐岩层序地层研究中具有较好的应用效果,Th/U和Th/K曲线的振荡趋势可为层序地层的旋回性识别提供依据。笔者等选取东北地区LT1典型井的自然伽马能谱测井资料为对象进行层序地层分析,结合岩芯碳氧同位素资料,探讨了沉积期古环境和相对海平面升降之间的耦合关系。结果表明,通过对自然伽马能谱测井资料进行INPEFA分析和Demy小波变换分析,可将LT1井下寒武统龙王庙组划分为1个三级层序和6个四级层序。INPEFA处理得到的Th/U_1曲线和Demy小波变换得到的Th/U_3_d8曲线可指示LT1井龙王庙组三级层序的相对海平面变化,Th/U_3_d6曲线与四级层序的相对海平面变化曲线相当。LT1井龙王庙组δ13C变化受三级层序相对海平面变化控制明显,最大海泛面位置对应ROECE碳同位素负漂移事件开始位置。结合龙王庙组δ13C变化和基于自然伽马能谱测井的相对海平面变化分析,认为ROECE事件可能与深部缺氧海水上涌和河流的持续输入以及风暴沉积带入的陆源碎屑物质有关。整体而言,LT1井龙王庙组沉积期古海水温度和古盐度的振荡变化趋势与三级和四级层序的相对海平面变化曲线（Th/U_3_d8和Th/U_3_d6）形态具有一定相关性,说明基于自然伽马能谱测井资料开展碳酸盐岩层序地层划分具有可行性,对沉积古环境恢复具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地西北缘下寒武统黑色岩系差异性成岩演化及其影响因素     

张鹏辉  陈志勇  薛路  鲍衍君  方艳 《岩石学报》2020,36(11):3463-3476

尽管泥页岩在埋藏过程中经历的复杂成岩改造会显著影响页岩油气储层发育潜力,但对其成岩作用,特别是泥页岩中成岩矿物的类型、成岩演化及其影响因素、成岩矿物元素在低孔低渗孔隙系统中的迁移等问题的认识仍很薄弱,因而制约了对泥页岩储层的深入认识。为此,本文以塔里木盆地西北缘下寒武统玉尔吐斯组发育的两套黑色岩系为例,在沉积环境认识的基础上,通过矿物组分、黏土矿物组合、有机碳含量及有机质成熟度等测定分析,着重研究了黑色岩系自生矿物的分布及在成岩演化阶段的变化特征,阐述了成岩变化的时空分布及其影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）在浅水缓坡台地环境下,玉尔吐斯组受两个较为完整的海进-海退沉积旋回控制而形成的两套黑色岩系主要经历了早成岩阶段和中成岩阶段;（2）受沉积环境和热液作用的影响,这两套黑色岩系在石英、重晶石、碳酸盐胶结物和黏土矿物等自生矿物的组合、分布及形成顺序上存在显著的差异,呈现出差异性成岩演化的特点;（3）伊利石、伊蒙混层、绿泥石、白云石、石英胶结等中成岩阶段成岩产物的广泛分布,反映出在成岩过程中特别是中成岩阶段低孔低渗的泥页岩仍存在一定程度的内部和外部来源的矿物元素迁移。本次研究对深入认识塔里木西北缘下寒武统黑色岩系成岩机制,以及分析页岩储层发育特征提供了重要的依据。  相似文献   

澄江动物群的核心价值:动物界成型和人类基础器官诞生     

舒德干  韩健 《地学前缘》2020,27(6):1-27

澄江动物群以富含多门类精美软躯体构造化石享誉学界,是寒武纪大爆发主幕的见证者;它亲眼目睹了地球动物树上几乎所有主要门类祖先的首次大聚会。对该动物群30多年的大规模调查研究大体上可以划分为3个阶段。始自1984年的第一个10年(1984—1994年),早期动物树上的基础动物亚界和原口动物亚界的大量门类被发现,然而对后口动物亚界全然无知。第二个10年研究(1995—2005年),基础动物亚界和原口动物亚界中的更多门类被发现;而最重要的进展,是西北大学团队主导的早期后口动物大发现使后口动物亚界的基本框架被构建,由此地球三分动物树首次成型。第三个10年及其以后时期(2005年之后),3个动物亚界中进一步添加了一些新的门类认知;综合20世纪40年代以来对埃迪卡拉生物群、寒武纪第一世和第二世的珍稀动物群研究成果,学界开始思考三分动物树分步成型与多幕式寒武纪大爆发事件的内在关联,提出了三幕式寒武纪大爆发新假说。澄江动物群研究具有多方面的科学价值,包括动物群结构研究,生态环境研究等,然其核心学术价值主要集中在如下两个方面:(1)作为寒武纪大爆发的主幕见证者,澄江动物群首次创建了地球上三分动物树的完整谱系框架。三幕式寒武纪大爆发假说揭示了地球上动物门类由低等到高等、分阶段爆发创造的本质内涵,即历时约0.4亿年的三幕式寒武纪大爆发与动物树阶段性快速成型的内在耦合性。第一幕发生于埃迪卡拉纪晚期,它诞生了众多基础动物亚界门类(包括大量绝灭门类),也可能出现了少量原口动物的先驱分子;第二幕发生于寒武纪的第一世,除了延续基础动物门类的繁盛外,更创生了原口动物亚界里的主要门类(包括蜕皮类和触手担轮类);第三幕发生于寒武纪第二世(以澄江动物群为代表),不仅延续了基础动物和原口动物门类的兴盛,更重要的是诞生了后口动物亚界里的所有门类。至此,整个三分动物树的框架成型,寒武纪大爆发创新事件宣告基本结束。文章还对几个重要动物类群的生物学属性进行了评述。第一鱼昆明鱼目是已知唯一的最古老脊椎动物,而云南虫、海口虫既不是脊椎动物(即高等脊索动物),也不属于低等脊索动物,而是一类特殊的低等后口动物;长江海鞘是可信的始祖尾索动物,它支持了经典的尾索动物起源假说;古虫动物门首创鳃裂构造,对后口动物亚界的起源探索提供了关键信息。(2)澄江动物群具有深刻的人文哲学意义,所发现的古虫动物门创造的“第一鳃裂”,昆明鱼目创造的“第一头脑”“第一脊椎”“第一心脏”,为达尔文在《人类的由来》中关于人类的主要基础器官起源悬案的破解提供了关键证据。澄江动物群承上启下,其各种形态解剖学信息对解读埃迪卡拉生物群以及寒武纪相关化石库中绝大多数生物类型都具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

A New Arthropod, Guangweicaris Luo, Fu et Hu gen. nov. from the Early Cambrian Guanshan Fauna, Kunming, China   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

LUO Huilin FU Xiaoping HU Shixue LI Yong HOU Shuguang YOU Ting PANG Jiyuan LIU Qi 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(1):1-7

The Guanshan Fauna is a soft-bodied fauna dominated by arthropods （including trilobites, trilobitoides, Tuzoia, Isoxys, and bradorids） in association with priapulids, brachiopods, anomalocaridids, vetulicoliids, sponges, chancellorids, and echinoderms. This paper reports and describes a new arthropod from the yellowish green mudstone at the lower part of the Wulongqing Formation, Canglangpuan Stage, Lower Cambrian in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The stratigraphic and geographic distribution, classification, fossil preservation, life style of this new arthropod and comparisons with other fossil arthropods are also discussed in details. The discovery and research of the non-mineralized arthropod, Guangweicaris Luo, Fu et Hu gen. nov. from the Guanshan Fauna adds new members to the taxonomic list and provides new information to the evolution of early arthropods. Furthermore, this study would shed new light into the ＂Cambrian Explosion＂ and the evolution of early life.  相似文献   

From Basin Black Shales to Platform Carbonate Rocks： A Study on Sequence Stratigraphy for the Lower Cambrian of the Upper-Yangtze Region in South China     

MEI Mingxiang MA Yongsheng ZHANG Hai MENG Xiaoqing CHEN Yonghong 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(5):739-755

In the Upper-Yangtze region,especially in Guizhou Province and its adjacent areas,the Lower Cambrian is well developed and is marked by a succession from black shales of the basin facies to carbonate rocks of the platform facies.The drowning event of the platform occurring at the turn from Sinian to Cambrian resulted in a set of black shales,i.e.the Niutitang Formation,which makes up the bottom part of the Lower Cambrian.With the shoaling of the sedimentary environment,a set of carbonate rocks,i.e.the Qingxudong Formation,was formed in the top part of the Lower Cambrian.Thus,the Lower Cambrian in the study area makes up one second-order sequence that can be further subdivided into five third-order sequences,and forms a regularly cyclic succession of transgression-regression.There is a regularly vertical stacking pattern for the third-order sequences in the second-order sequence.From bottom to top,the succession of the"CS(condensed section) HST(high-stand system tract)"of the third-order sequences is changed into the succession of the"TST(transgressive system tract) CS HST".Correspondingly,the drowning-type sequence boundary is changed into the exposure-type one.Therefore,both the second-order and the third-order sequences have similar sedimentary-facies architectures.A concomitant with these temporal changes, the Lower Cambrian with a thickness of 1000m that contains five third-order sequences is changed into a condensed succession that cannot identify third-order sequences toward the southeast with the deepening of the sedimentary environment.According to the elementary features of the third-order sequences,i.e.the regularity o sedimentary-facies successions in space and the synchronism of sedimentary-environment changes in time,the detailed division of the third-order sequences at main logged sections in different paleogeographical background becomes the basis to establish the sequence-stratigraphic framework that can demonstrate two types of facies-changing surface and two types of diachronism in the stratigraphic records.This sequence-stratigraphic framework shows a growing process of the carbonate platform from the base of the condensed succession formed by black shales of basin facies.Resulting from the rapid transgression at the turn from Sinian to Cambrian the ecological space became open,which formed the antecedent condition of paleogeographical setting for"the Cambrian Biological Explosion".Ultimately,the genetic relationship between the depositional events and the biological-diversity events is very complex and there remain lots of problems that need further research in the future.  相似文献