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1.
New Vetulicoliids from the Lower Cambrian Guanshan Fauna, Kunming 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
LUO Huilin FU Xiaoping HU Shixue LI Yong CHEN Liangzhong YOU Ting LIU Qi Yunnan Institute of Geological Science Kunming Yunnan Shenzhen Palaeontological Museum Shenzhen Guangdong Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(1):1-6
2.
文中详细描述了云南东部地区早寒武世关山动物群中的典型分子Tuzoia sinensis Pan,对其形态特征做出了补充,通过与相关种的比较与讨论,对其鉴定方法做出了进一步探讨,并基于对壳体表面网格密度的研究推测了T.sinensis的俯视形态图。研究发现：T.sinensis的侧脊上分布有一系列锥状突起,这些突起的表面具有与壳体表面相同的网状纹饰,这提示Tuzoia侧脊上的基部宽大的三角形刺（frills）即由这种锥状突起侧压保存而形成;研究还发现：T.sinensis的三角形刺较其它种更为发达,其壳体在保存过程中易产生形变,但多而发达的三角形刺受后期改造影响较小,因而建议可以将其作为T.sinensis的典型鉴定特征之一而区别于其它种。 相似文献
3.
中国晚前寒武纪至早寒武世生物事件及前寒武系—寒武系界线 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地层学杂志》1992,(1)
<正> 35亿年前,地球上开始有生物存在,主要是兰藻和细菌。距今10亿年左右,开始出现软躯体动物所形成的遗迹化石。9亿年有蠕形动物的实体化石——淮南生物群保存。7亿年软躯体后生动物——埃迪卡拉动物群(西陵峡生物群、高家山生物群)大量繁殖,使晚前寒武纪的生物演化进入一个新阶段。6亿年左右,骨骼化动物——梅树村动物群(或托莫特动物群)的出现,开创了生物发展、演化史上的新纪元。使更多的生物能够以化石 相似文献
4.
The bivalved arthropod Branchiocaris? yunnanensis Hou, 1987 is redescribed on the basis of new fossil material from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China. In total, 81 specimens have been examined. The carapace comprises two identical valves, each valve are sub-circular in outline, ranging from 24 mm to 58 mm in length, and from 15 mm to 46 mm in height. The dorsal margin is straight and bears two short cardinal spines. The valve surface is either smooth or ornamented with polygonal reticular structures, which may result from different preservation conditions. Two morphotypes have been recognized based on the presence or absence of a subdorsal swelling of the valve, which is convex dorsolaterally and extends beyond the dorsal margin when it appears. Statistic and ontogenetic analyses show both morphotypes grow isometrically and have the same growth trajectory. Therefore, the two morphotypes are interpreted as dimorphism within the same species. Our results are helpful for investigating the taxonomy and ontogeny of arthropod fossils and suggest that dimorphism might be fairly common in these early arthropods. 相似文献
5.
总结了昆明地区关山动物群自1999年命名以来开展的研究工作和取得的新进展.简要叙述了关山动物群的研究概况、地层位置、生物群组合特征和关山动物群的研究意义.在关山动物群中首次发现了古虫动物门的Vetulicola gangtoucunensis Luo,Fu et Hu,吐卓虫Tuzoia sp.nov.,古蠕虫Palaeoscolex sp.nov.,腕足类Heliomedusa sp.nov.及三叶形虫、海绵动物新属种.指出关山动物群是一个由多门类软躯体后生动物化石组成的伯吉斯页岩型的动物群,时代介于澄江动物群与凯里动物群(或伯吉斯页岩动物群)之间,起到了承前启后的作用,在寒武纪生命大爆发和寒武纪早期生物演化的研究中有重要意义. 相似文献
6.
分子钟假说与化石记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
进化是整个生命科学研究的核心和灵魂 ,而早期的生命演化在生物进化过程中具有重要地位 ,是科学界研究的前沿和热点问题。基于生物的遗传距离所建立的分子进化速率 ,可用于进一步推测不同生物类群在进化历史上的分歧时间。这一间接时间数据可与化石记录所反映的直接数据进行比较。分子钟研究为探究早期生命演化提供了一个新的途径 ,不仅可用来对基于化石记录的传统结论加以验证 ,同时对于化石记录不完整的生物类群起源历史的推测具有特殊意义。然而 ,利用分子钟方法所得出的不同门类起源时间总是早于化石记录 ,因此分子钟与化石记录的矛盾仍十分突出。文中综述了基于化石证据研究后生动物起源、寒武纪生命大爆发及被子植物起源等早期生命演化的研究进展 ,介绍并分析、讨论了分子钟方法及利用分子钟研究早期生命起源时间问题及其与化石记录间的矛盾 ,同时认为古DNA的证据有利于分子钟的校正 相似文献
7.
In the Inner Mongolia axis and Jiaoliao anteclise along the northern margin of the North China Platform.it has been found that the strata formerly considered as Archaean and Proterozoic are in fact an ophiolite suitesimilar to the Early Palaeozoic Ondor Sum Group in the Northern Geosyncline region of China. The stratahave been named in northern Liaoning as the Qinghezhen Group. The emphasis of this paper is on the discus-sion of the simall shelly fossils found in the siliceous rocks in the upper part of the Qinghezhen Group. Thisophiolite suite stretches in an E-W direction for about 1000 km along the northern margin of the North ChinaPlatform. in which 15 fossil localities with stable stratigraphic horizons have been discovered. In this paper. 4types. 7 genera (including 5 new ones) and 10 species (including 8 new ones and 1 new subspecies) aredescribed, which are collectively referred to as the Qinghezhen Fauna. The characteristics of these fossils are:shell form simple. the maximum length not exceeding 4 mm. with obvious shell wall and wall ornaments. TheQinghezhen Fauna is comparable in shell structure of some genera and species with the Meishucun Fauna inSouth China, but differs from the latter in having only monotonous fossil groups developed in a distinctly va-ried ecological environment. The two faunas may belong to the same evolutionary stage of the Early Cambrianbut have developed parallelly in different regions. The existence of the Qinghezhen Fauna represents an impor-tant biological event in the Early Cambrian in the Northern Geosyncline region of China. The discovery of theQinghezhen Fauna will bring new knowledge and profound influence to a series of problems on basic geologyand mineral deposit prospecting such as the Cambrian faunas. biogeographical povincialism in China and thegeotectonic features of the northern margin of the North China Platform. 相似文献
8.
CHEN Ailin FENG Hongzhen ZHU Maoyan MA Dongsheng LI Ming Department of Earth Science Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu E-mail: feng.h@jlonline.com Nanjing Institute of Geology Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Jiangsu Chenjiang Fauna National Geological Park Chengjiang Yunnan Wang Si''en Xie Guanglian 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(3):281-287
The genus and species Yuyuanozoon magnificissimi gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil vetulicolian, is reported from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in Yunnan of China. It has a bipartite body plan and five pairs of chain-formed gill sacs, showing the general characteristics of Ventulicolia. However, the exclusive "atrial cavity" and external gill observed indicate that the new form is different from those previously described as vetulicolians, probably representing a lineage developed within deuterostomes and more primitive than urochordates. 相似文献
9.
Exceptionally preserved fossils,such as those from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil-Lagerstatten are critical because of their unique contributions to knowledge of the phylogenetic radiation and palaeoecological expansion of metazoans during the Cambrian explosion.Critically,these deposits provide information that is usually unobtainable from shelly and skeletonized fossils alone.The Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Series 2,Stage 4)in the Yunnan Province of South China,has produced abundant and diverse,exquisitely preserved fossils that often retain soft tissues and organs.To date,most fossils from the Guanshan Biota have been collected from localities such as Gaoloufang and Gangtoucun,which have become inaccessible due to new urban expansions and constructions of residential buildings.Here we present the first report of soft bodied fossils from a new section at Kanfuqing,close to the Wulongqing village in Malong County,approximately 3 km east of the Wulongqing Formation stratotype section.Fossils retain soft morphology,and include brachiopods with delicate marginal setae,priapulids with well-preserved sclerites and vetulicolians with entire sections of body.In addition,this fauna includes rare occurrences of trilobites preserved with soft tissues replicated as pyrite pseudomorphs after weathering.This discovery represents an important palaeogeographical extension of soft-bodied fossils of the Guanshan fauna to the east of the Xiaojiang Fault(related to Tsinning tectonic movements ca.700 Ma).The fauna from the new Kanfuqing section is similar to that reported from the Wulongqing Formation west of the Xiaojiang Fault,and thus has significant implications for early Cambrian palaeogeography,faunal successions and palaeoenvironments of eastern Yunnan. 相似文献
10.
As an extinct group, the origin, diversification and relationships of Cambrian lobopods have long been one of the most hotly-debated subjects. Lobopods used to be regarded as closely related to modern onychophorans and tardigrades, but the similarities are based on the few species of Cambrian lobopods and often on a fairly general level. With the discovery of new creatures and based on new observations on fossil lobopods, we consider that Cambrian lobopods show great diversity and reveal a close relationship between Cambrian lobopods and arthropods. In addition, comparison between the dorsal spines of Cambrian lobopods and small shelly fossils suggest that Cambrian lobopods might have originated from the Meishucun radiation and diversified in the Qiongzhusi radiation. 相似文献
11.
奥斯坦(Orsten)型保存化石是一类个体微小却三维保存软躯体的、表皮次生磷酸盐化的以节肢动物为主的化石。和澄江生物群化石不同的是,奥斯坦型保存化石无明显受垂向挤压变形,是一种特殊的保存方式。奥斯坦型保存化石呈现出精美的生物活体时的形态特征,对研究节肢动物的生长模式、系统分类及个体发育提供了重要的形态证据。二十多年来,中国的古生物学家锲而不舍地在寒武纪地层里找寻这类化石。中国的南方是世界奥斯坦型化石重要的产出地之一,其潜在的化石资源有待深入研究,研究前景具有挑战性。 相似文献
12.
The Early Cambrian Balang Formation is comprised of mudrock and shale, which was deposited in a shelf environment in the eastern part of Guizhou, south China. The Balang Fauna, which consists of seven phyla, occurs in the middle and upper parts of the Balang Formation. Arthropods are important constituents of the Balang Fauna and include a great number of trilobites, large bivalved arthropods, and newly-discovered well-preserved bradoriid fossils. The bradoriids present include three genera and four species : Comptaluta inflata (Cheng, 1974) emend Hou et al., 2002; Comptaluta kailiensis sp. nov., and Alutella elongeta sp. nov., Aluta sp. This faunal assemblage in the Balang Formation is distinguished from the Tsunyiella Chang, 1964, Songlinella Yin, 1978 and Kunmingella Hou, 1956 assemblage which occurs in the Niutitang and Mingxinsi formations of the Yangtze Platform in middle region of Guizhou and which is earlier than the Balang Formation in age. However, this assemblage resembles the Comptaluta pik, 1968 assemblage from the Early Cambrian Heilinpu Formation in Wuding County, Yuanan Province and from the Ordian Stage of the Cambrian of Australia. The great abundance of Comptaluta pik, 1968 and overall taxonomic diversity of the Comptaluta pik, 1968 assemblage set it distinctly apart from the Alutella Kobayashi et Kato, 1951 and Aluta Hou, 1956 assemblages of the Balang Formation. Alutella Kobayashi et Kato, 1951 and Aluta Hou, 1956 also occur in the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation of the Yangtze Platform of Guizhou. Individual Bradoriids from the Balang Formation are characterized by large size (3 mm). The discovery of new Bradoriid assemblages not only expands the group’s geographical range and assemblage affinities, but also indicates that Bradoriids migrated eastward from shallow-water to deeper-water environments during the Early Cambrian, indicating that they were capable of life in deeper-water, and adaptation to a new ecological setting. 相似文献
13.
LIU Jianni HAN Jian LI Jinshu WU Yichen PENG Jie QI Nan YANG Yiyao LI Juan 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):1939-1945
The Guanshan Biota from the Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation is a typical Burgess-shale type Lagerst?tte that had witnessed the Cambrian explosion. Here we report two new localities of the Guanshan Biota, which is located at Baimei village, south of Kunming and Xinglong village, Wuding County, Yunnan Province respectively. Both localities produce soft-body fossils and several new taxa, e.g. a new species of palaeoscolecidans (Palaeoscolex xinglongensis sp. nov.) reported herein. The comparative study of the new species with similar form not only indicates that there is a diversification of palaeoscolecid species in Guanshan Biota, but also strengthens the ties between the older Chengjiang Biota and the younger Kaili Biota (and also the coeval Burgess Shale community). Three paleoecological features, including high diversity, little disparity and richness of palaeoscolecid worms, are summarized as a case study to represent the differences between Guanshan and Chengjiang Biota. 相似文献
14.
Liu Xiaoliang Chen Congyun Yang Xuezeng Yang Sen Zhang Jiongfei Gao Yuhua Shenyang Institute of Geology Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Shenyang Liaoning Sun Sheping 《《地质学报》英文版》1992,66(4):427-442
The Ordovician Changtu Fauna is recently discovered in the Xia' ertai and Hulan Groups in northernLiaoning-central Jilin. The fauna, containing 10 genera and 14 species (including 3 new genera, 9 new speciesand an unidentified species), is closely related in evolution with the Early Cambrian Qinghezhen Fauna. Thediscovery of this fauna is significant to the study on the age of the strata, Ordovician biostratigraphy and geo-logical evolution of the tectonostratigraphical terrane on the northern margin of the Sino-Korean plate. 相似文献
15.
16.
GUO Junfeng LI Yong HAN Jian ZHANG Xingliang ZHANG Zhifei OU Qiang LIU Jianni SHU Degan Shigenori MARUYAMA Tsuyoshi KOMIYA 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6):1124-1132
Apart from previously reported Small Shelly Fossils (SSFs), a macroscopic fossil assemblage, comprising abundant algae, cone-shaped tubular fossil forms, and probable impressions of a megascopic metazoan, comes from the Lower Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of western Hubei Province, south China. The visible fossils are preserved in thin-laminated siltstone or muddy siltstone intercalated between 8–15 mm-thick carbonate deposits, probably representing sedimentary settings of a constrained local depression in the shallow water carbonate platform during the Early Cambrian Meishucunian Stage. The macroscopic fossil association provides significant fossil evidence about the evolution of life from the late Precambrian to the ‘Cambrian explosion’ interval. 相似文献
17.
贵州剑河八郎松山(九高山)寒武系"清虚洞组"产有多门类具软躯体的生物群——剑河生物群,其中三叶虫非常丰富,属于叉尾虫科(Dorypygidae)的拟油栉虫(Olenoides Meek,1877),是一个重要的三叶虫属。Olenoides全球分布,出现于寒武纪第二世(都匀期),灭绝于寒武纪第三世(古丈期晚期),是进行地层对比重要的三叶虫。松山(九高山)"清虚洞组"中的Olenoides包括2个种(含1个相似种):收缩拟油栉虫Olenoides contrictus(Chien,1961)及湖北拟油栉虫(相似种)O.cf.hubeiensis(Sun,1984),两者应为"清虚洞组"上覆地层凯里组产出的O.paraptus及O.hubeiensis的原始类型。Olenoides在寒武系黔东统都匀阶"清虚洞组"的发现,为其在研究区产出的最低层位。为Olenoides早期的形态、演化及时空分布的研究提供了重要的材料,也为寒武系都匀阶(第4阶)的生物地层研究提供了一些新的信息。 相似文献
18.
刺胞动物是华南寒武纪早期海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,针对这类化石的研究有助于深入了解寒武纪多幕式爆发事件。本文主要根据寒武纪早期扬子板块陕南宽川铺生物群、湖北岩家河生物群以及澄江生物群产出的刺胞动物,探讨刺胞动物在寒武纪早期的演化框架,取得了以下初步认识。截至目前,所发现的寒武纪早期刺胞动物绝大多数都属于水母超纲,珊瑚纲的化石记录在寒武系幸运阶、第二阶保存较为罕见。其中寒武系幸运阶刺胞动物的化石记录全部属于底栖类型,体型小,且具有多种类型的身体辐射对称形式,绝大多数类型可以确定属于直接发育。第二阶刺胞动物仍以底栖固着类型为主,体形增大,仅见两、四辐射对称形式;而寒武系第三阶刺胞动物仍有底栖固着类型,但游泳的水母开始出现,体型增大明显,代表水母冠群的出现,以及世代交替的复杂生命周期的正式建立。从幸运阶到第三阶刺胞动物体型明显增大,可能与海水氧气含量增加有关。在寒武纪大爆发的背景下,刺胞动物的分异度和丰度在寒武系幸运阶就已经达到顶峰,然后在第二阶、第三阶开始衰减,这种变化可能与两侧对称动物辐射演化有关。华南刺胞动物的化石记录表明,寒武纪大爆发并非纯粹的一幕式爆发,其中充斥着一系列生物群的替代甚至灭绝事件。 相似文献
19.
M.D. Brasier 《Precambrian Research》1982,17(2):105-123
An explosive increase in the fossil record coincided with a major rise in sea level during latest Precambrian—early Cambrian times. The artefactual and real effects of an onshore—offshore environmental gradient upon taxonomic diversity are considered, with particular reference to 14 fossiliferous sections from around the world. Within-taxon and within-habitat evolution through the early Cambrian are also discussed. The evidence suggests that evolution was a diversity-dependent (i.e. kinetic) growth process, made possible by the colonisation and gradual filling of habitats that were growing both in variety and area. Archaeocyatha diversified rapidly at first but may have suffered later decline and extinction because facies changes in late early Cambrian times reduced their area of habitat. 相似文献
20.
The creatures that gaze back at us through the binocular microscope are so uniquely well‐preserved and life‐like that had we not known better we would have thought that they were modern. Instead they are half‐a‐billion‐year‐old arthropods extracted from Cambrian rocks of Sweden. The microscopic fossils, colloquially known as the ‘Orsten’ fossils, are now world‐famous and basking in the light of the research catwalk since their discovery in the 1970s. These fossils have provided significant insight into the long lost Cambrian biotas and early animal evolution. 相似文献