西藏冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧造山作用：火山岩及地球化学证据     

王立全  潘桂棠  朱弟成  周长勇  袁四化  张万平 《地质通报》2008,27(9):1509-1534

系统研究了西藏冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩的时空分布、岩相学、元素及Sr、Nd、Pb 同位素地球化学和构造环境、源区性质,并与喜马拉雅带二叠纪火山岩进行了对比研究。冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩近东西向集中分布在冈底斯构造带中北部地带,空间上从东至西火山活动的强度和规模渐次减小,时间上从早至晚火山活动的强度和规模总体由弱到强。冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘的岛弧构造环境,从早到晚岛弧造山作用经历了初始岛弧→早期岛弧→成熟岛弧的发展演变过程,火山岩浆来源于富集型地幔部分熔融作用,原始岩浆在形成和演化的过程中有俯冲洋壳及随带的深海沉积物和再循环进人地慢的地壳物质组分的强烈混染,明显不同于受地壳物质组分强烈混染的喜马拉雅带二叠纪陆缘裂陷型火山岩。综合研究冈底斯带及其邻区近年来的最新调查与研究成果,从北向南拟建了石炭纪—二叠纪冈底斯岛弧→雅鲁藏布江弧后裂谷盆地→喜马拉雅陆缘裂陷盆地的弧盆系时空结构演化模式,探讨了冈瓦纳大陆北缘石炭纪—二叠纪活动大陆边缘的岛弧造山作用与青藏高原古特提斯演化的耦合关系及其动力学机制,讨论了冈底斯带松多乡榴辉岩的形成过程。  相似文献   

演化中的裂谷带——五大连池火山岩带   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

绍济安  张文兰 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):241

小古里河—科洛—五大连池—二克山新生代火山岩带是一条富钾火山岩带。文中重点论述了以下4点内容:(1)火山岩及其包体中存在典型的地幔交代作用;(2)根据火山岩K2O/Na2O比值勾画出富钾火山岩带范围;(3)地幔气体的绝热膨胀导致"冷泉和冻土现象";(4)地震活动的现状。论证了NNW走向的五大连池火山岩带是新生代初始的大陆裂谷,它们切穿了大兴安岭北北东向构造带。进一步从岩浆演化的趋势认为五大连池裂谷带将持续演化而不会夭折。  相似文献   

上海市建设用地勘测定界若干问题探讨     

周金龙 《上海国土资源》2008,(1):40-43

对在上海市建设用地勘测定界过程中涉及的土地权属界线认定、原土地用途划分时所现的若干问题进行了详细探讨,同时从政策角度、技术角度提出了以上问题的相应解决途径。  相似文献   

杭州湾岸线变迁与城市规划建设     

顾明光  龚日祥  卢成忠  秦祥熙  陈忠大 《上海国土资源》2008,(4):24-29

本文较系统地阐述了杭州湾沿岸平原第四纪地质与地貌特征,扼要分析了钱塘江与杭州湾岸线的变迁历史及其演变趋势。在此基础上,指出海平面持续上升带采的一系列环境问题是未来杭州湾海岸带面临的主要威胁,并对环杭州湾城市化发展规划提出了若干建议。  相似文献   

Oxygen isotopes in the Cretaceous-Paleogene granites of Primorye and some problems of their genesis     

G. A. Valui  E. Yu. Moskalenko  A. A. Strizhkova  G. R. Sayadyan 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(2):150-157

The Cretaceous-Paleogene granites of the Eastern Sikhote Alin volcanic belt (ESAVB) and Late Cretaceous granitoids of the Tatibin Series (Central Sikhote Alin) are subdivided into three groups according to their oxygen isotope composition: group I with δ¹⁸O from +5.5 to +6.5‰, group II with δ¹⁸O from +7.6 to +10.2‰, and group III with less than +4.5‰. Group I rocks are similar in oxygen isotope composition to that of oceanic basalts and can be derived by melting of basaltic crust. Group II (rocks of the Tatibin Series) have higher δ¹⁸O, which suggests that their parental melts were contaminated by sedimentary material. The low ¹⁸O composition of group III rocks can be explained by their derivation from ¹⁸O-depleted rocks or by subsolidus isotopic exchange with low-¹⁸O fluid or meteoric waters. The relatively low δ¹⁸O and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in the granitoids of Primorye suggest their derivation from rocks with a short-lived crustal history and can result from the following: (1) melting of sedimentary rocks enriched in young volcanic material that was accumulated in the trench along the transform continental margin (granites of the Tatibin Series) and (2) melting of a mixture of abyssal sediments, ocean floor basalts, and upper mantle in the lithospheric plate that subsided beneath the continent in the subduction zone (granites of the ESAVB).  相似文献   

Mt. Melbourne volcano,antarctica: Evidence of seismicity related to volcanic activity     

Salvatore Gambino  Eugenio Privitera 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,146(2):305-318

Characterization of the microseismic activity (M _L <2.0) has been performed at Mt. Melbourne since 1990. We recorded a group of low frequency events with common morphological characteristics, i.e., an emerging onset, an unclear second phase and a sharply dropping coda. Spectral analysis of events recorded at more than one station indicates that the seismogram characteristics and spectral content are largely due to source effects. A polarization filter applied to a set of three component data revealed a first phase made up ofP waves followed (after about 0.9–1.4 sec.) by a second phase probably composed ofSH-type waves. Particle motion analysis detected a seismic ray angle direction mainly between N70°E and N110°E and apparent angle of incidence between 35° and 48° for the first phase. The studied seismicity was localized in an area on the eastern slope of Mt. Melbourne Volcano which presents a surface temperature anomaly (Mazzarini andSalvini, 1994). We formulate two hypotheses for the type of earthquakes recorded: 1) long-period events involving active presence of magmatic fluids in the source processes; 2) or the result of fracturing processes (shear?) in a medium characterized by transition between brittle and plastic behaviors. In the latter hypothesis the superficial thermal anomaly may be a symptom of this behavior at depth and is confirmed by the lown values observed for the exponential fit in the codaQ analysis.  相似文献   

赣东北鹅湖岭组的再认识   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

巫建华 《地层学杂志》1996,20(2):153-160

在分析赣东北鹅湖岭组及有关地层的地质特征、地层划分现状及产生分岐的原因的基础上,提出以岩性、岩相为划分依据,将鹅湖岭组与喷发相相对应,将其下界、上界分别置于沉积喷发相与喷发相、喷发相与喷发沉积相的相变界面上。从而将北京地质学院指定的打鼓顶组建组剖面上的"打鼓顶组"并入鹅湖岭组;将赣东北其它地区的鹅湖岭组下界由安山岩层顶界处上移至安山岩层之上灰绿色砂岩层的顶界处,将铅山一上饶一带鹅湖岭组上界下移至原鹅湖岭组上部的底界处。  相似文献   

暖切变型江淮梅雨锋结构及其形成和维持机制   总被引：26，自引：6，他引：20  

胡伯威  彭广 《大气科学》1996,20(4):463-472

对在1991年7月上旬特别稳定的梅雨形势下持续10天的特大暴雨期作了合成和典型过程研究,并进一步探讨了暖切变型江淮梅雨锋天气系统模型。它在自由大气层表现为结构竖立的相当正压切变线和一种不同于经典地转动量近似的带状准二维运动场。边界层的浅层锋生倾斜环流以及偏于切变线轴以南的Ekman抽吸与自由大气层中基本上由积云对流加热驱动的竖直环流相互依存和耦合,造成持续的大暴雨。这种系统的初生和中断后复苏的机制可能是由斜压性极弱的副热带高空东移的短波扰动在低层“湿度锋”带紧南侧触发导致的一种带状CISK。  相似文献   

The origin of accretionary lapilli   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. S. Gilbert  S. J. Lane 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1994,56(5):398-411

Experimental investigations in a recirculating wind tunnel of the mechanisms of formation of accretionary lapilli have demonstrated that growth is controlled by collision of liquid-coated particles, due to differences in fall velocities, and binding as a result of surface tension forces and secondary mineral growth. The liquids present on particle surfaces in eruption plumes are acid solutions stable at 100% relative humidity, from which secondary minerals, e.g. calcium sulphate and sodium chloride, precipitate prior to impact of accretionary lapilli with the ground. Concentric grain-size zones within accretionary lapilli build up due to differences in the supply of particular particle sizes during aggregate growth. Accretionary lapilli do not evolve by scavenging of particles by liquid drops followed by evaporation — a process which, in wind tunnel experiments, generates horizontally layered hemispherical aggregates. Size analysis of particles in the wind tunnel air stream and particles adhering to growing aggregates demonstrate that the aggregation coefficient is highly grain-size dependent. Theoretical simulation of accretionary lapilli growth in eruption plumes predicts maximum sizes in the range 0.7–20 mm for ash cloud thicknesses of 0.5–10 km respectively.  相似文献   

Palaeolimnological studies of the eutrophication of volcanic Lake Albano (Central Italy)     

Andrea Lami  Frank Niessen  Piero Guilizzoni  Julieta Masaferro  Claudio A. Belis 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,10(3):181-197

We use palaeolimnological techniques to reconstruct the eutrophication history of a volcanic lake (Lake Albano, central Italy) over the past three centuries. The presence of annual varves down to the bottom of the core (c. 1700 A.D.) indicated the lack of bioturbation and likely long-term meromixis. Sedimentation rates were estimated by varve counts (calcite/diatom couplets), indicating a mean rate of 0.15 cm yr^–1. The reconstruction of eutrophication was traced using past populations of algal and photosynthetic bacteria (through their fossil pigment), and geochemistry, as well as fossil remains of chironomids. Phaeophorbidea and the red carotenoid astaxanthin were used to detect past zooplankton development.The first sign of trophic change related to human activities is datedc. 1870 A.D. From that period onward a sharp increase of authigenic CaCO₃, nitrogen, N:P ratio, and dinoxanthin, a characteristic carotenoid of Chrysophyceae and Dinophyceae, is observed.Chironomid analyses showed the near absence of a deep water fauna throughout the core length. The populations of chironomid larvae are restricted to oxygenated littoral zones. In fact, the few fossil remains found are primarily of littoral origin, representing shallow water midges that were transported to profundal waters. The reduction of total chironomid in the uppermost layers of the core is to be related to human land uses.  相似文献