Choppy waters ahead in “a sea of peace cooperation and friendship”?: Slow progress towards the application of maritime joint development to the East China Sea     

Clive H. Schofield  Ian Townsend-Gault 《Marine Policy》2011

China and Japan’s June 2008 agreement in principle on maritime cooperation in the East China Sea raised hopes of a significant breakthrough in the parties' complex and long-standing disputes in the area. Subsequent progress towards the realisation of a legally binding, formal treaty on, for example, offshore petroleum joint development has been slow to materialise. In fact, the area under dispute appears to have become more rather than less extensive. This paper examines competing maritime and sovereignty claims in the East China Sea together with progress towards maritime cooperation in the context of overlapping jurisdictional claims. The paper identifies some of the key challenges that need to be overcome in realizing a functioning joint resource management regime in the East China Sea.  相似文献   

南极南设得兰群岛中-新生代火山作用与地质环境          下载免费PDF全文

刘嘉麒  张雯华  郭正府 《极地研究》2002,14(1):1-6

本文对采自南设得兰群岛的乔治王岛、纳尔逊岛、利文斯顿岛、欺骗岛和南极半岛的火山岩和火山灰进行了岩石化学和Sr、Nd同位素分析，Ar-Ar和K－Ar年龄测定。研究表明，南设得兰群岛火山岩属于玄武岩－安山岩－英安岩岩石组合，安们的Sr、Nd同位素比值非常接近，^87Sr/^86Sr比值普遍比较低，为0．703297－0．703507；^143Nd/^144Nd比值普遍比较高，为0．512835－0．513779，二者呈负相关，εNd-^87Sr/^86Sr相关图显示岩浆来源于亏损地幔。火山岩形成时代集中于96Ma、91Ma、78Ma、60Ma和35Ma等时段。35Ma之后，火山活动长时间消沉，直到晚中新世和第四纪才时有发生；这一漫长的历史时期，正是南极大陆冰盖逐渐形成之时。是气候变冷抑制了火山活动？还是火山活动的减弱和停止导致气候变冷？尚待进一步研究；但冷期火山活动减弱或停止，暧期火山活动活跃和增强，这一对应关系是存在的。火山作用的时空分布及岩石地球化学特征暗示，南设得兰群岛处于一个岛弧的地质环境，早期群岛基本上与南极半岛连在一起，在德雷克板块的俯冲下，群岛逐渐与半岛分离，形成布兰斯菲尔德海峡（裂谷），在弧后扩张和裂谷作用下产生新的火山活动。  相似文献   

The application of lead isotope ratios in the Antarctic macroalga Iridaea cordata as a contaminant monitoring tool     

John W. Runcie  Ashley T. Townsend 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(7):961-389

Lead (Pb) isotope ratios were measured in the marine macroalga Iridaea cordata collected from four locations in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica. Based on the masses of thalli collected, samples analysed in this study were likely to be a mixture of one and two year old thalli. For a sample of thalli of various ages (<12 months to 2 years old) from the same site there was no apparent variation in Pb concentration or Pb isotope ratio with thallus mass/age, indicating that contaminant sources had been constant over the lifetime of the thalli sampled. I.cordata samples close to the Thala Valley waste disposal site (Brown Bay Inner) near the Australian Station, Casey, displayed isotopic signatures (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 35.99; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb 1.066; n = 3; average values shown) trending towards that possessed by major Australian Pb sources (Broken Hill and Mt Isa, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 35.60; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb 1.041) suggesting that these samples had been exposed to anthropogenic Pb originating from the Thala Valley waste disposal site. Material collected hundreds of metres from the tip location at Brown Bay Outer had isotopic values (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 36.32; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb 1.088; n = 10) intermediate between Brown Bay Inner and sites further from the contaminant source at Sparkes Bay and Wilkes (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 36.46; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb 1.094; n = 4) showing that contaminant transport was predominantly restricted to Brown Bay Inner. This study demonstrates that the isotope ratios of Pb in marine macroalgae can provide valuable information as to the origin and extent of heavy metal flux in a marine environment.  相似文献   

Coeval strombolian and vulcanian-type explosive eruptions at Panarea (Aeolian Islands,Southern Italy)     

C. Cimarelli  D. De RitaD. Dolfi  M. Procesi 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

In this paper, we document the evolution of the emergent Panarea dome in the Aeolian islands (Southern Italy), placing particular emphasis on the reconstruction of the explosive events that occurred during the final stage of its evolution. Two main pyroclastic successions exposing fall deposits with different compositions have been studied into detail: the andesitic Palisi succession and the basaltic Punta Falcone succession. The close-in-time deposition of the two successions, the dispersal area and grain-size distribution of the deposits account for their attribution to vents located in the western sector of the present island and erupting almost contemporaneously. Vents could have been aligned along NNE-trending regional fracture systems controlling the western flank of the dome and possibly its collapse. Laboratory analyses have been devoted to the characterization of the products of the two successions that have been ascribed to vulcanian- and to strombolian-type eruptions respectively. The vulcanian eruption started with a vent-clearing phase that occurred by sudden decompression of a pressurized magma producing ballistic bombs and a surge blast and the development of a vulcanian plume. Vulcanian activity was almost contemporaneous to strombolian-type fall-out eruptions. The coeval occurrence of basaltic and andesitic eruptions from close vents and the presence of magmatic basaltic enclaves in the final dacitic lava lobe of the dome allow us to speculate that the intrusion of a basaltic dyke played a major role in triggering explosive eruptions. The final explosive episodes may have been caused by extensional tectonics fracturing the roof of a zoned shallow magma chamber or by the intrusion of a new basaltic magma into a more acidic and shallow reservoir. Intrusion most likely occurred through the injection of dykes along the western cliff of the present Panarea Island inducing the collapse of the western sector of the dome.  相似文献   

Dykes, faults and palaeostresses in the Teno and Anaga massifs of Tenerife (Canary Islands)     

L. B. Marinoni  A. Gudmundsson   《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,103(1-4)

A structural field study was made of 578 sheet intrusions (mostly dykes) and 153 (mostly normal) faults dissecting the Anaga and Teno massifs, where a complex volcanic succession of Tertiary age (the ‘Old Basaltic Series’) representing the shield-building stage of Tenerife (Canary Islands) crops out. Many of the intrusions, mostly sub-vertical mafic dykes, are emplaced by multiple magma injections, with cumulative thicknesses mostly less than 2 m. Dyke tips are exposed and preserved for 12% of the dykes. Three differently oriented sets of dykes exist in the Anaga massif (NNW–SSE, NNE–SSW, E–W), whereas there is only one main set in Teno, trending NNW–SSE. Dyke swarms and other structural features having similar orientations also exist in other Canary Islands. A minimum value of the horizontal component of extension induced by dykes is computed using a step of 5° of azimuth, accounting also for the dip of dykes. The cumulative crustal dilation is at least 300 m (4%) in Anaga and 270 m (6%) in Teno; the maximum extension peaks at N75° in Anaga and N60° in Teno, indicating a general prevailing extension in direction ENE–WSW. Most of the measured faults are normal and strike NNW–SSE. Computation of palaeostresses from inversion of fault-slip data sets suggests the existence of a polyphase brittle deformation due to an extensional stress field with the minimum compressive principal axes trending NE–SW and WNW–ESE.  相似文献   

Strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions of detrital sediment of NS90-103 from South China Sea: Variations and their paleoclimate implication     

WEI Gangjian  GUI Xuntang  LI Xianhua  CHEN Yuwei  YU Jinsheng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(6):596-604

Strontium, neodymium isotopic compositions and trace elements of the detrital sediments of Core NS90-103 from South China Sea were analyzed. The results show that the⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the detritus during the last glacial range from 0.722 4 to 0.723 0. They are significantly higher than those during the Holocene and the maximum of the last interglacial, which range from 0.721 0 to 0.721 7. This indicates stronger continental weathering during the last glacial. On the other hand, the¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of these detritus are higher during the last glacial too, similar to the variation of the⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. The trace element geochemistry of these detritus indicates that more authigenic sediments, such as ferromanganese, during the last glacial may partly contribute to the increase of¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios. Furthermore, much more detritus from continent of South China to the north of the South China Sea may probably contribute to¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios increase during the last glacial, which was the result of the enhancement of northeast monsoon.  相似文献   

珠海万山群岛海上生态公园建设规划构想   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄少辉  王伟臣 《热带地理》2000,20(3):228-232

万册群岛位于珠江口门,拥有优越的区位条件,理想的旅游气候,众多的岛屿,广阔的海域,丰富的生物和旅游资源,发展海上生态旅游大有可为。根据珠海市旅游发展战略定位－国际旅游度假会议会展城,认为万山群岛是实施这一战略的重要组成部分,提出建设“万山群岛海上生态公园”的规划构想和若干建议。  相似文献   

内潮动力机制的数值研究     

蔡树群  黄企洲  邱章  麦波强 《热带海洋学报》2000,19(3):27-32

结合南沙群岛海域出现的内潮现象 ,利用一个两层数值模式 ,通过数值试验来探讨潮汐性质、水体的层结程度、跃层所在的深度、风应力等因子对陆架坡折处内潮特性的影响 ,结果表明 :内潮的波动周期只与海区的潮汐性质有关 ;风应力、非线性效应以及正压潮源地的深度等都可改变内潮的波动振幅 ;内潮的波动振幅随海区的水体层结程度及温跃层所在的深度不同而改变  相似文献   

南海南部大陆架14ka来微型双壳类营养结构与海流活动     

冯伟民  蓝琇 《热带海洋学报》2000,19(3):50-58

双壳类食悬浮物类与食沉积物类的发育变化是反映水动力环境的一种指标。对南海南部NS93- 1 2 - 58柱样 1 4ka来微型双壳类营养结构分析表明 ,晚更新世末次冰期向冰后期全新世转化阶段 ,食沉积物类一度较为发育 ,表明南海南部表层环流很不活跃 ,从这一转化阶段到全新世早期 ,双壳类食悬浮物类与食沉积物类的比例有规律地变大 ,表明随着气候转暖 ,海水温度增高 ,海平面上升 ,海流作用显著增强。该柱样整样分析表明 ,双壳类食悬浮物类占据着明显的优势 ,显示了 1 4ka来南海海流作用一直比较强烈。在全新世中晚期 ,双壳类主要栖息在次表层水团的海底 ,仍以食悬浮物类为主 ,可能与南海南部陆坡上升流发育有关  相似文献   

南沙海区中生界岩相分布及构造特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘海龄  谢国发  阎贫  刘迎春  郑红波 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(3):272-278

为了了解南中国海南部南沙群岛陆架-陆坡区中生代地层发育情况,作者通过综合分析该海区钻井、拖网及1987年以来采集的20000多公里的多道反射地震勘探等资料,得到了对该区中生界基本特征的如下新认识:空间分布上,南沙的中生界具有从北部的郑和-礼乐隆起南缘向南增厚的趋势;沉积岩相方面,东部三叠纪时为深海相,侏罗纪为浅海与三角洲相,白垩纪为浅海-内浅海相,而往西南部中生代的海水深度有变深的趋势;中-新生代变形上,在南沙西部的曾母盆地,中生界褶皱为复式的、非协调性的,南沙中部多为舒缓褶皱,东部仅在近巴拉望海槽地带出现小幅度的褶皱。结合围区中生界及特提斯构造域的发育特征,作者提出南沙地块上的海相中生界在大地构造上归属于残留在中特提斯洋北部减薄陆缘地壳上的中特提斯期海相沉积地层,是该海域油气资源勘探不可忽视的对象。  相似文献