Video cathodoluminescence microscopy of diagenetic cements and its applications     

F. W. Witkowski  D. J. Blundell  P. Gutteridge  A. D. Horbury  N. H. Oxtoby  H. Qing   《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2000,17(10)

Diagenetic studies of sedimentary rocks using cold cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy have been severely limited because of the very low intensity of visible luminescent emissions, which required long photographic exposure times, and because of the difficulty in obtaining quantitative data from CL observations. The solution to this problem is to fit the microscope with a high-sensitivity digital colour video camera linked to a computer with image enhancement and image analysis software. The new technique described in this paper:

• produces digital CL images of consistent high quality, both quickly and cheaply;

• controls the capture and editing of CL images, to reveal detailed textural information even from minerals exhibiting low level luminescence such as quartz;

• acquires quantitative information on pore systems and the abundance of cement zones from CL images.

Examples are presented to demonstrate the high quality of images produced in this way and the range of uses to which the new technique can be applied. The ability to image exactly the same field of view in both plane polarised light and CL is a particular advantage. Image analysis techniques have been developed to give a statistical characterisation of both pore systems and cement phases that infill them. The abundance of contrasting cement zones seen in CL can be measured and the abundance of cement phases can be mapped across a reservoir. The history of porosity occlusion can be reconstructed quantitatively and integrated with burial history and hydrocarbon migration. Porosity can be measured accurately and, since the technique obtains data on pore geometry as well as abundance, the pore system can be characterised by pore size distributions and pseudo-capillary pressure curves. This also opens the possibility of estimating permeability from thin sections.  相似文献   

近千年来内蒙古岱海气候环境演变的湖泊沉积记录   总被引：46，自引：11，他引：35  

曹建廷  王苏民  沈吉  张振克 《地理科学》2000,20(5):391-396

内陆封闭湖泊是气候环境变化的敏感指示计。通过对内蒙古岱海湖泊岩芯的有机碳同位素、总有机碳、碳酸盐含量和磁化率等多环境指标的综合分析,结合Ｐｂ－２１０测定的沉积速率,讨论了岱海地区近千年来的气候环境演化过程。揭示了本区现代小冰期的前期冷湿,后期冷干的气候特征。记录的最后两次冷期与根据冰芯、树轮、历史文献重建的１０年平均温度推得的１４５０’ｓ～１５１０’ｓ、１７９０’ｓ～１８９０’ｓ两次冷期极相吻合。  相似文献   

黄土高原风尘序列的碳酸盐成因及其风化过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙玉兵  谢巧勤 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(2):170-175

碳酸盐是黄土高原风尘序列的主要组成部分,其含量与原生碳酸盐溶解、再沉淀,以及含钙硅酸盐化学风化强度等密切相关。碳酸盐在表生环境下极易移动,且其迁移变化受大气降水、温度等古气候所制约,因此黄土次生碳酸盐记录了古气候的重要信息。甘肃西峰赵家川剖面碳酸盐含量、磁化率的系统测定和风尘序列地质特征研究表明,在整个剖面中,碳酸盐含量和磁化率曲线呈显著的负相关,并从剖面上部到红粘土底部,碳酸盐含量有增加趋势。黄土、古土壤和红粘土沉积分别处在不同风化阶段:黄土化学风化最弱,处于钙质残积阶段,古土壤处于强烈钙质淋溶阶段和硅铝残积阶段,红粘土化学风化最强烈,处于硅铝残积阶段或红土化阶段;不同的化学风化阶段古气候性质有别。  相似文献   

黄土碳酸盐碳同位素环境意义讨论          下载免费PDF全文

金雅琪  苗甜  路珂珂  杨雁鹏  梁孔秋  宋垠先  陈忠 《盐湖研究》2022,30(1):87-94

黄土碳酸盐碳同位素广泛应用于第四纪气候环境变化的研究中,以往研究中多利用钙结核、次生碳酸盐或成壤碳酸盐,认为其反映了C₄植物的丰度。黄土高原碳酸盐碳同位素表现为黄土层高,古土壤层中低,即黄土层中C₄植物丰度高于古土壤层。然而,这样的结果和黄土有机碳同位素得到的结果矛盾,有机碳同位素的结果表明温度对C₄植物的分布起到了决定性作用。由于有机碳同位素对植物类型的反映更为直接而可靠,因此碳酸盐碳同位素反映C₄植物丰度存在疑问。对黄土高原黄土碳酸盐碳同位素的系统概括后认为,第四纪期间黄土碳酸盐碳同位素与C₄植物有直接联系,但C₄植物丰度不是唯一决定性的因素,碳酸盐碳同位素的指示意义存在复杂性。在黄土高原地区,植被发育程度、与大气CO₂交换程度、植被本身的碳同位素值的变化以及原生碳酸盐的影响等因素都会对碳酸盐碳同位素产生影响。由黄土碳酸盐碳同位素的讨论可延伸到不同土壤碳酸盐碳同位素揭示的环境指示意义,不同的土壤环境,其气候条件、植被类型及发育程度...  相似文献   

湘南晚泥盆世佘田桥期碳酸盐块状流沉积特征     

蒋德和  曾允孚 《湖南地质》1990,9(4):32-38

湘南晚泥盆世佘田桥期表现为东西两侧高而中部低陷的古地理面貌。两侧为碳酸盐台地,中间为深水台盆。在台盆、台地之间斜坡地带和台盆边缘,堆积了类型繁多的碳酸盐块状流沉积物。它们由两类在成因和分布上有密切联系的沉积体系组成,一类为重力崩落或滑移体系,包括岩崩、滑动和滑塌沉积,另一类为重力流体系,包括碎屑流、浊流和颗粒流沉积。在层序上它们虽作有规律的组合层序,但并不是完整的类型,而出现较大的变异性。已发现的组合层序有①滑塌沉积—碎屑流沉积,②碎屑流—高密度浊流—低密度浊流沉积,③变密度颗粒流—浊流沉积。它们沿近南北向的台盆的两侧边缘呈条带状分布,东侧位于临武香花岭至桂阳莲塘一带,重力流厚度可达150m左右,西侧位于道县虎岩坝至双牌县城一带,重力流厚只30—50m,反映了台盆边缘两侧构造活动强度不一致,东侧强,西侧弱。  相似文献   

中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干新进展(一) 南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的分布   总被引：32，自引：1，他引：31  

梁狄刚  郭彤楼  陈建平  边立曾  赵喆 《海相油气地质》2008,13(2):1-16

通过对上、中、下扬子区121个地表及钻井剖面烃源岩的密集扫描取样和地化分析,系统研究了下寒武统、上奥陶统—下志留统、上二叠统、下二叠统四套区域性海相烃源岩的厚度及有机质丰度的纵横向分布,明确了海相烃源岩在纵向上以下寒武统和上二叠统为最好,横向上以上扬子区为最好,其次为下扬子区;确定了五个烃源岩发育区。明确了海相烃源岩以泥岩为主,碳酸盐岩烃源岩只出现在下二叠统栖霞组—茅口组,实测最大厚度为150m,从而表明中国南方不存在上千米厚的碳酸盐岩烃源岩。对四套海相烃源岩的厚度问题、层位问题、原始生烃潜量和碳酸盐岩烃源岩的鉴别问题等提出了认识。  相似文献   

障壁岛及其后缘碳酸盐岩储层的成因模式与预测     

郭庆新  周进高  寿建峰 《海相油气地质》2008,13(1):1-8

塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地主要碳酸盐岩储层的发育均与障壁岛或其后缘等沉积环境有关,并受早期大气淡水淋滤溶蚀作用、白云石化作用、古岩溶作用以及埋藏溶蚀作用等成岩因素的控制。认为三大盆地碳酸盐岩储层可划分为大气淡水淋溶型礁滩灰岩储层、古岩溶型礁滩灰岩储层、白云石化型礁滩白云岩储层和古岩溶型含膏白云岩储层等四种类型。提出了与障壁有关的储层综合成因与预测模式,其中构成障壁的台地边缘礁滩带是大气淋溶型礁滩灰岩储层、古岩溶型礁滩灰岩储层和白云石化型礁滩白云岩储层的有利发育区,而障壁岛后缘的蒸发盆地边缘坪区域是古岩溶型含膏白云岩储层有利发育区。  相似文献   

Methodology for groundwater recharge assessment in carbonate aquifers: application to pilot sites in southern Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Andreo  J. Vías  J. J. Durán  P. Jiménez  J. A. López-Geta  F. Carrasco 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(5):911-925

Aquifer recharge can be determined by conventional methods such as hydrodynamic or hydrologic balance calculations, or numerical, hydrochemical or isotopic models. Such methods are usually developed with respect to detrital aquifers and are then used on carbonate aquifers without taking into consideration their hydrogeological particularities. Moreover, such methods are not always easy to apply, sometimes requiring data that are not available. Neither do they enable determination of the spatial distribution of the recharge. For eight regions in southern Spain, the APLIS method has been used to estimate the mean annual recharge in carbonate aquifers, expressed as a percentage of precipitation, based on the variables altitude, slope, lithology, infiltration landform, and soil type. The aquifers are representative of a broad range of climatic and geologic conditions. Maps of the above variables have been drawn for each aquifer, using a geographic information system; thus they can be superimposed to obtain the mean value and spatial distribution of the recharge. The recharge values for the eight aquifers are similar to those previously calculated by conventional methods and confirmed by discharge values, which corroborates the validity of the method.  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩中烃类包裹体的人工合成实验研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

倪培  孟凡巍 《岩石学报》2008,24(1):161-165

运用Sterner和Bodnar在1984年提出的愈合裂隙的实验技术,利用冰洲石作为主矿物,进行了烃类包襄体的合成实验研究。并将实验产物磨制成双面抛光的薄片,在普通光学显微镜和荧光显微镜下对合成的包裹体进行了岩相学观察。结果表明本次研究在冰洲石中成功地合成了含液态烃类的包裹体,这也是国内外首次在碳酸盐岩矿物中成功合成的烃类包裹体,它为研究碳酸盐岩中油气藏的形成机理提供了一种新的手段,也为正确理解和解释自然界碳酸盐岩油气藏中烃类包裹体的资料提供了重要的参考。  相似文献   

Facies architecture and cyclicity in a mosaic carbonate platform: effects of fault-block tectonics (Lower Lias, Causses platform, south-east France)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

YOURI HAMON†  GILLES MERZERAUD 《Sedimentology》2008,55(1):155-178

In the Causses platform (south‐east France), Late Hettangian to Sinemurian deposits were interpreted previously as shallow‐water carbonate ramp deposits. A new look at these deposits has shown a fault‐controlled mosaic carbonate platform that is different from the carbonate ramp models. Within the platform mosaic, 15 lithofacies have been recognized, which are organized in four facies associations, including peritidal, restricted shallow sub‐tidal, sand dunes and sub‐tidal shelf facies associations. The rapid lateral and vertical facies changes, and the lack of consistent landward or seaward direction indicated by the pattern of facies changes, question the existence of a shoreline suggested by the traditional models for this region. Instead, the facies organization and cycle stacking pattern suggest deposition in a mosaic of intertidal islands between which sub‐tidal restricted or open conditions could coexist in very close proximity. Such a platform mosaic would have been defined by tectonic activities along normal faults which segmented the shallow‐water Causses platform. The facies and facies associations are arranged into metre‐scale, peritidal and sub‐tidal cycles that are also variable. Certain cycles show the same stacking pattern in all the sections and seem to be traceable over tens of kilometres. On the contrary, other cycles cannot be correlated; they are present only in specific sections and have a maximum lateral extension of 1 or 2 km. These metre‐scale cycles stack to form four medium‐scale cycles bounded by surfaces that display sub‐aerial exposure features. Medium‐scale cycles stack into two larger‐scale cycles (tens of metres thick) and are bounded by well‐defined karstic surfaces. Based on their lateral continuity and their stacking pattern, the metre‐scale cycles are controlled probably by high frequency eustatic variations overprinting the topographic irregularities formed by differential subsidence of fault‐bounded blocks. Episodic fault activities may reorganize the topography so that, even if eustatic changes may still be the major control of cycles, the expression and number of cycles could be different. Cycles of medium and large‐scale are interpreted as being allogenic, controlled by changes in eustasy and/or subsidence rates as evidenced by their lateral continuity and the correlations of the large‐scale cycles with third‐order depositional sequences.  相似文献