Carbonate platform development in a Paleoproterozoic extensional basin,Vempalle Formation,Cuddapah Basin,India     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Sedimentological investigation of the late Paleoproterozoic (Orosirian) Vempalle Formation of the Cuddapah Basin, Dharwar craton, India, reveals three facies association that range from supratidal to deep subtidal. Sedimentary rocks of this succession are dominated by heterolithic carbonate mudstone, intraformational carbonate conglomerate, and a variety of columnar, domal, and stratiform microbialite facies. Deposition occurred in an extensional regime during development of a low-gradient ramp, where the distribution of microbialite facies is distinctly depth-partitioned. A gradual increase in synoptic relief of columnar stromatolites through the section, and the upward transition from stratiform to columnar microbialites, record a prolonged marine transgression with little or no influx of terrigenous detritus. Siliciclastic influx along the northeastern side of the shelf reflects the redistribution of topographic highs concomitant with large scale volcanic activity. Redistribution of topographic highs eventually led to progradation of peritidal facies and shutting down of the carbonate factory. Earthquake-induced ground shaking and voluminous volcanism experienced by this platform point to the reactivation of a deep-seated mantle-plume that resulted in thermal doming of the Dharwar crust prior to the onset of Cuddapah deposition. Isotopic and elemental chemistry of a selection of Vempalle Formation carbonate rocks record elevated Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ concentrations and depleted carbon isotope values in inner ramp lagoonal facies, relative to more open marine stromatolitic facies. Patterns of isotopic and elemental variation suggest the presence of geochemically distinct water masses—either within the water column or within substrate pore fluids—that resulted from a combination of globally low marine oxygenation and restricted oceanographic circulation in inner ramp environments. These data suggest that, even in the aftermath of Early Paleoproterozoic oxygenation, that ocean chemistry was heterogeneous and strongly affected by local basin conditions.  相似文献   

Estimation of compressional seismic wave attenuation of carbonate rocks in Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(7-8):169-178

The subsurface geology of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates is primarily composed of carbonate rocks. Such media are known to be highly heterogeneous. Very few studies have attempted to estimate attenuation in carbonate rocks. In Abu Dhabi no attenuation profile has been published. This study provides the first seismic wave attenuation profiles in Abu Dhabi using dense array of VSP data. We estimated three attenuation profiles: the apparent, the scattering, and the intrinsic attenuations. The apparent attenuation profile was computed using amplitude decay and spectral-ratio methods. The scattering attenuation profile was estimated using a generalized reflection–transmission matrix forward model. It is usually estimated from the sonic log, but to be more consistent with the apparent attenuation, we succeeded in this paper to estimate it from the VSP data. We subtracted the scattering attenuation from the apparent attenuation to deduce the intrinsic attenuation. The results of the study indicate that the scattering attenuation is significant compared to the published studies that are mainly based on clastic rocks. The high scattering attenuation can reach up to 0.02. It can be explained by the strong heterogeneity of the carbonate rocks. This study demonstrates that the Simsima and Rus Formations have considerable scattering and intrinsic attenuations. These formations are considered aquifers in Abu Dhabi; we therefore interpreted this high intrinsic attenuation zones to be due to the heterogeneity and to the fluids contained in these formations. The Umm-Er-Radhuma Formation is a more homogenous formation with limited aquifer potential. Hence, scattering and intrinsic attenuations of the Umm-Er-Radhuma Formation are low.  相似文献   

文山广南县老龙锰矿地质特征及找矿标志     

彭仕华 《云南地质》2014,33(3):340-345

老龙锰矿是近几年来,在广南地区下泥盆统芭蕉箐组碳酸盐岩系中新发现的沉积型锰矿,研究表明,早泥盆世晚期,连同广南地区在内的广大区域地壳大幅度沉降,海水变深,浮游生物等大量死亡,并伴有锰矿沉积,芭蕉箐组中的硅质岩为锰矿层的顶底板,是该锰矿的直接找矿标志.  相似文献   

Oceanographic and eustatic control of carbonate platform evolution and sequence stratigraphy on the Cretaceous (Valanginian–Campanian) passive margin,northern Gulf of Mexico     

Ryan M. Phelps  Charles Kerans  Robert G. Loucks  Rui O.B.P. Da Gama  Jason Jeremiah  David Hull 《Sedimentology》2014,61(2):461-496

An integrated sequence stratigraphic study based on outcrop, core and wireline log data documents the combined impact of Cretaceous eustacy and oceanic anoxic events on carbonate shelf morphology and facies distributions in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The diverse facies and abundant data of the Comanche platform serve as a nearly complete global reference section and provide a sensitive record of external processes affecting Cretaceous platform development. Regional cross‐sections across the shoreline to shelf‐margin profile provide a detailed record of mixed carbonate–siliciclastic strata for the Hauterivian to lower Campanian stages (ca 136 to 80 Ma). The study window on the slowly subsiding passive margin allows the stratigraphic response to external forcing mechanisms to be isolated from regional structural processes. Three second‐order supersequences comprised of eight composite sequences are recognized in the Valanginian–Barremian, the Aptian–Albian and the Cenomanian–Campanian. The Valanginian–Barremian supersequence transitioned from a siliciclastic ramp to carbonate rimmed shelf and is a product of glacial ice accumulation and melting, as well as variable rates of mid‐ocean ridge volcanism. The Aptian–Albian supersequence chronicles the drowning and recovery of the platform surrounding oceanic anoxic events 1a and 1b. The Cenomanian–Campanian supersequence similarly documents shelf drowning following oceanic anoxic event 1d, after which the platform evolved to a deep‐subtidal system consisting of anoxic/dysoxic shale and chalk in the time surrounding oceanic anoxic event 2. Each period of oceanic anoxia is associated with composite sequence maximum flooding, termination of carbonate shelf sedimentation and deposition of condensed shale units in distally steepened ramp profiles. Composite sequences unaffected by oceanic anoxic events consist of aggradational to progradational shelves with an abundance of grain‐dominated facies and shallow‐subtidal to intertidal environments. Because they are products of eustacy and global oceanographic processes, the three supersequences and most composite sequences defined in the south Texas passive margin are recognizable in other carbonate platforms and published eustatic sea‐level curves.  相似文献   

Microstructural evolution during strain localization in dolomite aggregates     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2014

Dolomite aggregates deformed by dislocation creep over a wide range of conditions (T = 700–1000 °C, effective pressure of 900 MPa, strain rates of 10⁻⁷ – 10⁻⁴/s) strain weaken by up to 75% of the peak differential stress. Microstructural study of samples shortened to different finite strains beyond the peak differential stress shows that strain becomes highly localized within shear zones by high-temperature creep processes, with no contribution of brittle cracking. At low strains (8%), dolomite deforms homogeneously by recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep. At progressively higher sample strains, deformation is localized into narrow shear zones made up of very fine (∼3 μm) recrystallized grains and relict porphyroclasts (20–100 μm). Finely-recrystallized dolomite grains in the shear zones are largely dislocation free and localized shear is facilitated by diffusion creep. In contrast, original dolomite grains and porphyroclasts in shear zones have high dislocation densities and do not deform after shear zone formation. Calculated strain rates in the shear zones are two to three orders of magnitude faster than the imposed bulk strain rate of the samples and these strain rates are consistent with predictions of the diffusion creep flow law for fine-grained dolomite.  相似文献   

Sedimentary facies and diagenetic features of the Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran     

《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2013

The Early Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation (middle part of the Khami Group), is one of the important reservoir rocks in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. The Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt is located on the boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and formed from collision between Eurasia and advancing Arabia during the Cenozoic. In this study area, the Fahliyan Formation with a thickness of 325 m, consists of carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite). This formation overlies the Late Jurassic Surmeh Formation unconformably and underlies the Early Cretaceous Gadvan Formation conformably at Gadvan Anticline. The formation was investigated by a detailed petrographic analysis to clarify the depositional facies, sedimentary environments and diagenetic features in the Gadvan Anticline. Petrographic studies led to recognition of the 12 microfacies that were deposited in four facies belts: tidal flat, lagoon, and shoal in inner ramp and shallow open marine in mid-ramp environments. The absence of turbidite deposits, reefal facies, and gradual facies changes show that the Fahliyan Formation was deposited on a carbonate ramp. Calcareous algae and benthic foraminifera are abundant in the shallow marine carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation. The diagenetic settings favored productioning a variety of features which include cements from early to late marine cements, micritization, dolomitization, compaction features, dissolution fabric, and pores. The diagenetic sequence can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) eugenic stage: marine diagenetic environment, (2) mesogenic stage: burial environment, and (3) telogenic stage: meteoric diagenetic environment.  相似文献   

高纯碳酸锶清洁生产国内外研究进展   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘建明  段东平  钟莉  韩宏亮  周娥 《盐湖研究》2013,(2):66-72

高纯碳酸锶是一种高附加价值的重要锶化合物,由于它具有独特的物理化学性能,因而被广泛应用于电子、化工、材料等领域。但高纯碳酸锶的生产仍存在环境污染严重、产品质量难以稳定控制、生产成本高等问题。综述了国内外高纯碳酸锶清洁生产工艺研究与应用进展,详细介绍了天青石碳还原法、天青石复分解法、粗碳酸锶酸溶碱析法、粗碳酸锶焙烧分解法、硝酸锶法、氯化锶法等高纯碳酸锶主要生产工艺的研究与应用进展,评述了各生产工艺产生的污染物的净化处理方法与技术改进,剖析了各工艺的优点和存在的问题。结合我国目前高纯碳酸锶的生产现状及与国外生产技术存在的差距,并对我国高纯碳酸锶生产技术的发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711200028X     

Mingxiang Mei  Jinhan Gao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(6):843-851

Most Phanerozoic oolites are marked by ooids with a diameter less than 2 mm.Observations on a Neoproterozoic oolite have resulted in a change of concept.The term "pisolite" that traditionally referred to oolites with a grain size of more than 2 mm,is now restricted to those coated carbonate grains formed by meteoritic freshwater diagenesis;oolites with a grain size of more than 2 mm are now defined as "giant".Particular unusual giant oolites within a set of oolitic-bank limestones with thicknesses of more than 40 m in the top part of the Lower Triassic(Induan) Daye(Ruiping) Formation at the Lichuan section in the western part of Hubei Province in South China,represent an important sedimentological phenomenon in both the specific geological period and the geological setting that is related to the end-Permian biological mass extinction.Like the giant oolites of the Neoproterozoic that represent deposits where oolites formed in a vast low-angle carbonate ramp at that special geological period,the Triassic Daye Formation at the study section are significant because they provide a comparative example to help understand the evolving carbonate world reflected by oolites,the origin of which is still uncertain. and they give insight into the sedimentation pattern of the desolate sea floor,which resulted from the mass extinction at the turn of the Permian into the Tnassic.  相似文献   

富CO₂深部流体对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀-充填作用的热力学分析          下载免费PDF全文

朱东亚  孟庆强  金之钧  胡文瑄 《地质科学》2012,47(1):187-201

由于广泛而强烈的岩浆作用,我国东部的松辽、渤海湾、莺歌海以及西部的塔里木等盆地中都有富CO₂深部流体的活动。富CO₂深部流体与碳酸盐岩相互作用可用Duan and Li(2008)所建立的CO₂-H₂O-CaCO₃-NaCl体系的热力学模型来进行模拟计算。计算结果表明,富CO₂深部流体在自深部向浅部运移过程中对CaCO₃的溶解度会逐渐增加,到达一定深度后溶解度达到最大值,再向浅部溶解度开始逐渐降低; 也就是深部流体具有深部溶蚀碳酸盐岩-浅部沉淀碳酸盐矿物的规律。与浅部地层中的流体发生混合会使流体的CO₂含量和盐度降低,会导致CaCO₃的沉淀充填; 深部流体进入开启性断裂/裂缝体系中时,由于压力的降低,也会发生CaCO₃的沉淀充填。深部流体的CO₂含量、盐度、温度和压力的变化影响着实际的溶蚀-充填过程。塔中地区钻井也揭示了深部下奥陶统碳酸盐岩中发育有丰富的溶蚀孔隙,而在相对浅部的奥陶系灰岩和志留系砂岩中见有大量方解石的充填,这是富CO₂流体深部溶蚀-浅部充填的一个较好的实例。基于理论和实际分析,本文认为在岩浆火山作用广泛发育的塔里木等盆地中下古生界深部优质碳酸盐岩储层存在的可能性。  相似文献   

中扬子地区早寒武世构造-沉积样式与古地理格局          下载免费PDF全文

陈代钊  汪建国  严德天  韦恒叶 《地质科学》2012,(4):1052-1070

前寒武纪-寒武纪转折期是地球历史演化的重要阶段之一,不仅纪录了后生动物的产生、灭绝以及加速分异的过程,同时也伴随着全球构造重组、长期全球性海洋缺氧、海洋地球化学明显的变化等。为了更好地认识这一重要时期地球表层环境演变及动力机制,我们对鄂西-湘西北地区下寒武统地层(相当于第1、2阶)进行了详细的沉积相和层序分析,在3大岩相组合(碳酸盐岩、硅岩、黑色泥岩/页岩)中识别出了16种主要岩相类型,并根据岩相时空变化识别出4个沉积层序(S1～S4)。在寒武纪开始时,湘西碳酸盐台地发生暴露,而台缘南侧发生裂陷,台地北侧的湘西北地区(如石门杨家坪)也发生大幅沉陷,但往北至三峡地区变浅,过渡为碳酸盐台地,形成两隆两凹的古地貌格局,这种巨大侧向地形差异(起伏)指示伸展构造背景下的断块掀斜作用,这种构造作用在寒武纪早期呈幕式活动,从而控制了该时期的沉积作用、沉积样式及其空间分布,并以沉积层序体现,因此每一层序代表了一幕从构造(拉张)强化到衰减过程的沉积响应。在构造幕的开始阶段,由于强的拉张和断裂掀斜作用,湘西碳酸盐台地发生暴露或变浅,而在该台缘南侧发生断陷,形成断阶,深部富硅热液流体沿断裂向上运移到断阶海底形成浅海热液喷流系统(硅烟囱),所以此处层序底部往往由一套特殊的硅质沉积(如有多管-孔丘状硅岩、脉状硅岩或漏斗状/楔状硅岩体)组成。此带向东南盆地方向,由于热液活动衰减和海水影响的增强,主要发育层状硅岩。从湘西北至三峡地区,层序底部一般由薄层状硅岩(常含泥质)组成,且向台地方向量减少(但碳酸盐岩增多)。在构造幕晚期,由于构造活动衰减,热液硅通量大幅减少,除深水盆地外,碳酸盐工厂恢复生产,因此层序上部主要由碳酸盐岩组成(深水盆地除外)。从第四构造幕热液活动后,盆地基底热衰减迅速,深部硅输入通量大幅减少,并在扬子地块发生大范围均匀挠曲沉降和快速海平面上升,造成碳酸盐台地淹没,形成了牛蹄塘组(或同期)富有机质黑色岩系。从此后,中扬子地区进入了一个新的构造-沉积演化时期。  相似文献