中太平洋西部赤道潜流的水文分析     

何魁荣 《海洋学研究》1991,9(1):19-25

本文利用我国1979年1～2月和4～6月在中太平洋西部的考察资料,分析了赤道潜流区的温、盐分布及赤道潜流的流系特征,并给出了潜流区及其周围海区的流场结构。  相似文献   

Similar potential ATP-P production and enzymatic activities in the microplankton community off Concepción (Chile) under oxic and suboxic conditions     

Rodrigo R. González  Marcelo H. Gutiérrez 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,75(3):550-560

The effects of the oxygen minimum zone on the metabolism of the heterotrophic microplankton community (0.22-100 μm) in the Humboldt Current System, as well as the factors controlling its biomass production, remain unknown. Here we compare the effect of four sources of dissolved organic carbon (glucose, oxaloacetate, glycine, leucine) on microbial biomass production (such as ATP-P) and the potential enzymatic activities involved in catabolic pathways under oxic and suboxic conditions. Our results show significant differences (p < 0.05) in the ATP-P production when induced by the different substrates that are used as dissolved organic carbon herein. The induction of ATP-P production is enhanced from glucose < oxaloacetate < glycine < leucine. Nevertheless, for individual substrates, no significant differences were found between incubation under oxic and suboxic conditions except in the case of leucine. For this amino acid, the induction of ATP-P synthesis was higher under suboxic than oxic conditions. The data sets of all the substrates used showed greater potential ATP-P production under suboxic than oxic conditions. The results of the potential enzymatic activities suggest that malate dehydrogenase has the highest signal of NADH oxidization activity in the microbial assemblage. Furthermore, for all experiments, the malate dehydrogenase activity data set had a significant relationship with ATP-P production. These findings suggest that the microbial community inhabiting the oxygen minimum zone has the same or greater potential growth than the community inhabiting more oxygenated strata of the water column and that malate dehydrogenase is the activity that best represents the metabolic potential of the community.  相似文献   

闽中沿岸上升流特征和成因分析     

黄荣祥  翁学传 《热带海洋学报》1996,(1)

综合分析了前期（１９６３－１９６４年）和近期（１９８３—１９８４年、１９８７—１９８８年）台湾海峡区的温度、盐度、水化学要素和海流等资料，进一步确证了夏季闽中沿岸海域存在的低温、高盐和低溶解氧且不饱和区是深底层海水涌升所造成的。该上升流中心位于海坛岛附近海域，涌升水一般可升至１０ｍ层左右。上升流显现于５月末，７月最盛，衰退于８月末，其分布范围及理化特征具有明显的月际和年际变化。分析表明，该上升流的形成主要是Ｎ向海流和地形的综合效应所导致，但盛行的西南季风亦是一个不可忽视的因素。  相似文献   

Productivity cycles in the coastal upwelling area off Concepción: The importance of diatoms and bacterioplankton in the organic carbon flux     

Paulina Montero  Giovanni Daneri  L. Antonio Cuevas  Humberto E. González  Bárbara Jacob  Lorena Lizárraga  Eduardo Menschel 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,75(3):518-530

Recurrent coastal upwelling is recognized as one of the main factors promoting the exceptionally high productivity of the Humboldt Current System. Herein, we study time series data of gross primary production (2003-2006) and its fluctuation in relation to seasonal changes in the light and nutrient field of the Concepción upwelling ecosystem. Concurrent measurements of gross primary production, community respiration, bacterial secondary production, and sedimentation rates allowed a characterization of the main carbon fluxes and pathways in the study area. The integrated values of gross primary production were higher during the upwelling period (>1 g C m⁻² d⁻¹; October-April; that is, early spring to early austral fall). Seasonal changes in the system were also reflected in community respiration, organic matter sedimentation, and bacterial production rates, which varied along with the gross primary production. The significant correlation between gross primary production and community respiration (Spearman, r = 0.7; p < 0.05; n = 18) reflected an important degree of coupling between organic matter formation and its usage by the microplanktonic community during periods when gross primary production/community respiration were highly similar. Higher gross primary production values (>6 g C m⁻² d⁻¹) were consistently associated with maximum biomass levels of Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira subtilis. We observed a positive correlation between gross primary production and the sedimentation of intact diatom cells (Spearman, r = 0.5, p < 0.05, n = 17). Our data suggest that, in the Concepción upwelling ecosystem, bacteria utilize an important fraction of the gross primary production. If our interpretations are correct, they leave unanswered the question of how the system supports the extremely high fish biomass levels, therein pointing out the system’s limited capacity to buffer the evasion of CO₂ following upwelling.  相似文献   

Interdecadal temperature variations in the North Pacific Central Mode Water simulated by an OGCM     

Shigeki?HosodaEmail author  Shang-Ping?Xie  Kensuke?Takeuchi  Masami?Nonaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(5):865-877

The North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) is a water mass that forms in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE) region with characteristic low potential vorticity. Recent studies have suggested that the CMW, as low potential vorticity water, plays an important role in the adjustment of the subtropical gyre and subsurface variability on decadal to interdecadal timescales. We have forced a realistic ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with observed wind stress and sea surface temperature (SST) forcing to investigate the decadal variations of the CMW. Associated with the large atmospheric changes after the mid-1970s climate regime shift, the upper thermocline experiences a cooling as negative SST anomalies in the central North Pacific are subducted and advected southward. In addition to this thermodynamic response, the CMW’s path shifts anomalously eastward in response to anomalous Ekman pumping. This eastward shift of the core of the CMW produces a lowering of the isotherms, and a consequent warming, on the path of the CMW core. This warming partially counteracts the cooling associated with subducted surface anomalies, and it may be responsible for the reduced temperature variations at the climatological position of the CMW when both anomalous wind and heat fluxes are given. Lateral induction across the sloping bottom of the winter mixed layer in the KOE is critical to the formation of the low potential vorticity CMW. Coarse resolution models, which are widely used in climate modeling, underestimate the horizontal gradient of the mixed layer depth and form only a weak CMW or none at all. We have conducted a coarse resolution experiment with the same OGCM, showing that the subsurface response is much reduced. In particular, there is no dynamic warming in the CMW and the thermodynamic response to the SST cooling dominates. The resultant total response differs substantially from that in the finer resolution run where a strong CMW forms. This sensitivity to the model resolution corroborates the important dynamical role that the CMW may play with its distinctive low potential vorticity character and calls for its improved simulation.  相似文献   

南海中央海盆KSO_1岩芯第四纪沉积作用初探     

吕海滨  吴世迎  王永吉 《海洋科学进展》1994,(3)

本文对南海中央深水盆地ＫＳＯ１岩芯（１４°５７＇４７＂Ｎ，１１６°０５＇２５＂Ｓ）（图１）粒度、矿物、碳酸盐含量、化学元素、微体古生物和古地磁等进行了分析。岩芯的长度和取样水深分别为７１０ｍ和４１６９ｍ。研究结果表明，南海中央海盆沉积物的颗粒较细；粘土矿物以伊利石为主，蒙脱石含量较低；化学元素显示出介于浅海一深海之间的半深海沉积特点。上述特征说明南海中央海盆的沉积物是以细粒含粘土矿物为主的半深海沉积物。同时，对岩芯的火山灰夹层、沉积速率、岩芯的年代以及碳酸盐含量和古气候间的关系进行了讨论。对ＫＳＯ１岩芯在６６５～６７０ｃｍ处的微粒锰结核富集层存在的意义进行了探讨。另外，应用最优分割法、有序分析法等数理统计方法，对ＫＳＯ１岩芯进行了元素地层学的划分工作。  相似文献   

莱州湾、渤海湾及渤海中央盆地沉积物岩芯地球化学的初步研究     

周永芝  刘娟 《海洋科学进展》1991,(2)

本文对莱州湾、渤海湾、渤海中央盆地的海洋底质沉积环境进行了研宄,通过对17柱沉积物岩芯样品中Fe,Al,Mn,Ti的测定和分析,论述了四元素在底质表层沉积物中及在岩芯沉积物中的含量和分布规律,用数理统计的方法分析了渤海中央盆地Fe,Al,Mn,Ti的丰度值,为渤海环境背景值及环境背景历史的研究提供了重要参数。  相似文献   

Cretaceous continental margin evolution revealed using quantitative seismic geomorphology,offshore northwest Africa     

Max Casson  Grme Calvs  Mads Huuse  Ben Sayers  Jonathan Redfern 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):66-90

The application of high‐resolution seismic geomorphology, integrated with lithological data from the continental margin offshore The Gambia, northwest Africa, documents a complex tectono‐stratigraphic history through the Cretaceous. This reveals the spatial‐temporal evolution of submarine canyons by quantifying the related basin depositional elements and providing an estimate of intra‐ versus extra‐basinal sediment budget. The margin developed from the Jurassic to Aptian as a carbonate escarpment. Followed by, an Albian‐aged wave‐dominated delta system that prograded to the palaeo‐shelf edge. This is the first major delivery of siliciclastic sediment into the basin during the evolution of the continental margin, with increased sediment input linked to exhumation events of the hinterland. Subaqueous channel systems (up to 320 m wide) meandered through the pro‐delta region reaching the palaeo‐shelf edge, where it is postulated they initiated early submarine canyonisation of the margin. The canyonisation was long‐lived (ca. 28 Myr) dissecting the inherited seascape topography. Thirteen submarine canyons can be mapped, associated with a Late Cretaceous‐aged regional composite unconformity (RCU), classified as shelf incised or slope confined. Major knickpoints within the canyons and the sharp inflection point along the margin are controlled by the lithological contrast between carbonate and siliciclastic subcrop lithologies. Analysis of the base‐of‐slope deposits at the terminus of the canyons identifies two end‐member lobe styles, debris‐rich and debris‐poor, reflecting the amount of carbonate detritus eroded and redeposited from the escarpment margin (blocks up to ca. 1 km³). The vast majority of canyon‐derived sediment (97%) in the base‐of‐slope is interpreted as locally derived intra‐basinal material. The average volume of sediment bypassed through shelf‐incised canyons is an order of magnitude higher than the slope‐confined systems. These results document a complex mixed‐margin evolution, with seascape evolution, sedimentation style and volume controlled by shelf‐margin collapse, far‐field tectonic activity and the effects of hinterland rejuvenation of the siliciclastic source.  相似文献   

Basin‐scale fluvial correlation and response to the Tethyan marine transgression: An example from the Triassic of central Spain     

Maximilian Franzel  Stuart J. Jones  Neil Meadows  Mark B. Allen  Ken McCaffrey  Tim Morgan 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):1-25

The relationships between large‐scale depositional processes and the stratigraphic record of alluvial systems, e.g. the origin and distribution of channel stacking patterns, changing architecture and correlation of strata, are still relatively poorly understood, in contrast to marine systems. We present a study of the Castillian Branch of the Permo‐Triassic Central Iberian Basin, north‐eastern Spain, using chemostratigraphy and a detailed sedimentological analysis to correlate the synrift Triassic fluvial sandstones for ~80 km along the south‐eastern basin margin. This study investigates the effects of Middle Triassic (Ladinian) Tethyan marine transgression on fluvial facies and architecture. Chemostratigraphy identifies a major, single axially flowing fluvial system lasting from the Early to Middle Triassic (~10 Ma). The fluvial architecture comprises basal conglomerates, followed by amalgamated sandstones and topped by floodplain‐isolated single‐ or multi‐storey amalgamated sandstone complexes with a total thickness up to ~1 km. The Tethyan marine transgression advanced into the basin with a rate of 0.04–0.02 m/year, and is recorded by a transition from the fluvial succession to a series of maximum flooding surfaces characterised by marginal marine clastic sediments and sabkha evaporites. The continued, transgression led to widespread thick carbonate deposition infilling the basin and recording the final stage of synrift to early‐post‐rift deposition. We identify the nonmarine to marine transition characterised by significant changes in the Buntsandstein succession with a transition from a predominantly tectonic‐ to a climatically driven fluvial system. The results have important implications for the temporal and spatial prediction of fluvial architecture and their transition during a marine transgression.  相似文献   

特朗普政府以来的美国中东欧政策：调整、目标与展望     

王弘毅 《世界地理研究》2021,30(2):267-275

自“17+1合作”机制创设以来,中东欧在中欧合作中扮演的角色越来越重要。中国作为一个中东欧地区的“晚到者”,不得不面临长期以来“美、欧、俄”三方地缘博弈的影响。尤其是特朗普上任以来,一方面继承了奥巴马政府末期的中东欧政策,另一方面在能源、地缘和军事方面强化了美国的政策部署。在能源方面,美国进一步强化了将能源外交作为权力资源,平衡美欧俄关系的外交杠杆的作用。在地缘方面,波兰作为该地区的政策支轴国更加受到美国倚重。在军事方面,特朗普政府增强了在中东欧地区的军事存在和军费开支,推进驻欧美军基地的战略东移。通过对美国官方文本的文献考察发现,特朗普政府加强以上三个方面的政策部署,旨在实现以下三个政策目标：制衡俄罗斯、对欧盟分而治之和排挤中国。展望拜登政府,安全与能源仍是美国中东欧政策的首要关切。  相似文献