莱州湾南岸平原地下水化学特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毕延凤  于洪军  徐兴永  苏乔 《海洋通报》2012,31(3):241-247

用2009年莱州湾南岸地下水最新监测数据,将研究区地下水淡水区、微咸水区、咸盐水区和卤水区进行经典统计分析、相关分析、等值线图和Piper三线图绘制,阐述了水化学类型和成分特征从南往北的变化:EC、TDS、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-的平均浓度从南部淡水到北部卤水呈现逐渐增大趋势,因为在卤水区普遍发生碳酸钙沉淀,Ca2+和HCO3-则在咸盐水区浓度达最高;pH值从淡水到卤水呈现从弱碱性到弱酸性的转变;从淡水区向卤水区地下水化学组分阴离子由HCO3-为主变为Cl-为主,阳离子由Ca2+为主变为Na+为主;此外河流对地下水起到淡化和冲刷的作用。主成分分析法提取了水化学3个主成分,分别代表了地下水盐化指标、生物化学作用和碳酸钙沉淀。进一步结合系数比值法和饱和指数计算,在对本区水文、地质以及离子水文地球化学特性分析基础上,指出地下卤水阴阳离子中占绝对优势的Cl-、SO42-、Na+、Mg2+的毫克当量百分数与正常海水的值非常相近而与地下淡水的值相差甚远,反映出本区地下卤水起源于古海水,为沉积海水。此外卤水绝非海水简单浓缩的产物,其间还包括复杂的水化学变质过程及后期演化如矿物沉淀、阳离子交换(K+-Ca2+;Na+-Ca2)+、去白云岩化作用和硅酸盐蚀变等。饱和指数的计算表明石膏在卤水矿化度达100 g/L之后才开始缓慢沉淀,而文石、方解石和白云石基本一直处于饱和沉淀状态,且文石和方解石的饱和指数散点分布极为相似,说明两者可能同时发生沉淀。  相似文献   

长兴岛海区波流相互作用数值模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王彪  沈永明  王亮 《海洋工程》2012,30(3):87-96

波和流是近岸海区的主要动力因素。应用二维潮流数学模型和最新第三代近岸海浪模式SWAN,建立了非结构网格下二维情况近岸波流耦合作用数学模型。时间离散采用欧拉向前格式,空间离散采用有限体积法显式格式。通过将波浪场及潮流场进行迭代耦合计算,实现了对波流共同作用下波浪场和潮流场的数值模拟。将模型应用于矩形海湾实验和李孟国数模实验等理想地形以及大连长兴岛海区实际复杂地形算例,并用现场实测资料对计算结果进行验证,结果表明:耦合结果与实测结果吻合良好,并且要优于未耦合的结果。  相似文献   

西秦岭岗岔—克莫金矿区石英闪长玢岩多金属“珠滴构造”及其找矿意义     

申俊峰  王书豪  徐立为  罗照华  李金春  刘海明  聂潇  秦玉良  彭自栋  牛刚  杜佰松  刘家军 《地学前缘》2019,26(5):222-242

西秦岭造山带北缘之金属成矿带是我国重要的斑岩型Cu-Au远景区,该带的德乌鲁岩体及其接触带是重要找矿潜力区。最新的野外调查发现,德乌鲁岩体东南缘接触带的石英闪长玢岩中发育大量含有多种金属矿物的椭圆形或近球形“珠滴构造”,且其矿物组合非常类似于临近的岗岔—克莫金矿床矿石矿物组合,即“珠滴”内含有大量金属矿物黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、钛铁矿和辉砷钴矿等,此外还发育有绿泥石、绿帘石、方解石、钾长石、钠长石、石英、绢云母、电气石、葡萄石、磷灰石、榍石和金红石等复杂的非金属矿物组合。详细的矿物学和地球化学研究结果表明,“珠滴”与寄主岩石属同源产物。绿泥石温度计和二长石温度计显示“珠滴”形成温度范围在297～435 ℃,角闪石全铝压力计显示寄主岩石形成压力为1.02～2.28 kbar。因此推断,“珠滴”形成于深部富含金属的流体,金属物质依附气泡按照“浮选”机制随岩浆侵位上升。当载有金属物质的气泡随着岩浆侵位到浅部时便快速解耦,其流体相逃逸,“珠滴”则被冷凝固结在岩浆圈闭之中。依据上述分析结果,认为携带金属物质的气泡把成矿元素运移至石英闪长玢岩体内,其中一些气泡把金属物质卸载到浅部,而大量的金属物质可能仍然留在深部石英闪长玢岩内。“珠滴构造”可能是深部成矿的重要指示标志。  相似文献   

Shale-gas accumulation and pore structure characteristics in the lower Cambrian Niutitang shales,Cen-gong Block,South China     

W. Yang  G. Zhai  T. Dong  D. Gong  X. Yuan 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(2):289-303

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Experimental soft‐sediment deformation caused by fluidization and intrusive ice melt in sand     

Pascal Bertran  Marianne Font  Arnaud Giret  Kevin Manchuel  Deborah Sicilia 《Sedimentology》2019,66(3):1102-1117

Identifying the driving mechanisms of soft‐sediment deformation in the geological record is the subject of debate. Thawing of ice‐rich clayey silt above permafrost was proved experimentally to be among the processes capable of triggering deformation. However, previous work has failed so far to reproduce similar structures in sand. This study investigates fluidization and intrusive ice formation from soil models in the laboratory. Experimental conditions reproduce the growth of ice‐cored mounds caused by pore water pressure increase during freeze‐back of sand in a permafrost context. Excess pore water pressure causes hydraulic fracturing and the development of water lenses beneath the freezing front. Later freezing of the water lenses generates intrusive ice. The main structures consist of sand dykes and sills formed when the increase in pore water pressure exceeds a critical threshold, and soft‐sediment deformations induced by subsidence during ice melt. The combination of processes has resulted in diapir‐like structures. The experimental structures are similar to those described in Pleistocene sites from France. These processes constitute a credible alternative to the seismic hypothesis evoked to explain soft‐sediment deformation structures in other European regions subjected to Pleistocene cold climates.  相似文献   

Pore Structure Heterogeneity of the Xiamaling Formation Shale Gas Reservoir in the Yanshan Area of China: Evaluation of Geological Controlling Factors     

LI Xueyuan  CHEN Shangbin  WANG Xiaoqi  ZHU Yanming  CHANG Minghu  Clementine UWAMAHORO 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(3):588-603

Micro-heterogeneity is an integral parameter of the pore structure of shale gas reservoir and it forms an essential basis for setting and adjusting development parameters. In this study, scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury intrusion and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments were used to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the pore structure of black shale from the third member of the Xiamaling Formation in the Yanshan area. The pore heterogeneity was studied using fractal theory, and the controlling factors of pore development and heterogeneity were evaluated in combination with geochemical parameters, mineral composition, and geological evolution history. The results show that the pore structure of the reservoir was intricate and complicated. Moreover, various types of micro-nano scale pores such as dissolution pores, intergranular pores, interlayer pores, and micro-cracks are well developed in member 3 of the Xiamaling Formation. The average porosity was found to be 6.30%, and the mean value of the average pore size was 4.78 nm. Micropores and transition pores provided most of the storage space. Pore development was significantly affected by the region and was mainly related to the total organic carbon content, vitrinite reflectance and mineral composition. The fractal dimension, which characterizes the heterogeneity, is 2.66 on average, indicating that the pore structure is highly heterogeneous. Fractal dimension is positively correlated with maturity and clay mineral content, while it is negatively correlated with brittle mineral content and average pore size. These results indicate that pore heterogeneity is closely related to thermal history and material composition. Combined with the geological background of this area, it was found that the pore heterogeneity was mainly controlled by the Jurassic magmatism. The more intense the magma intrusion, the stronger the pore heterogeneity. The pore structure and its heterogeneity characteristics present today are a general reflection of the superimposed geological processes of sedimentary-diagenetic-late transformation. The influence of magmatic intrusion on the reservoir is the main geological factor that should be considered for detailed evaluation of the Xiamaling Formation shale gas reservoir in the Yanshan area.  相似文献   

珠江口磨刀门咸潮及其对环境要素变化的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石荣贵  龙爱民  周伟华  党爱翠  卢东伟  孙羚晏 《海洋科学》2012,36(8):86-93

于2011年1月25 日-1月26日小潮期间对磨刀门进行26 h定点连续观测,研究了咸潮对环境要素变化的影响.结果表明:调查期间溶解氧没有明显的潮周期变化;NO2-、NH4+浓度随着观测时间的延长不断降低,无明显潮周期变化;底层SiO4-,NO3-浓度具有明显的潮周期变化,且与底层盐度呈显著的正相关关系;溶解无机磷(DIP)、重金属(Zn、Cd)的潮周期变化不明显.当河床剪切力大于0.226N/m2时,发生明显的沉积物再悬浮作用,并对营养盐与重金属的变化产生显著的影响.N,P,si比值分析结果表明,磨刀门水域浮游植物生长受到潜在性的P限制,而咸潮上溯的加强将可能使这种营养盐结构发生变化.磨刀门受N、P的污染仍不容乐观,咸潮不利于污染物质的向海排出,在潮流作用下有发生严重的二次污染的风险.  相似文献   

平度市海水入侵成因及防治对策          下载免费PDF全文

管清花  陈学群  张婧 《山东国土资源》2012,28(3):19-23

平度市北胶莱河沿岸由于遭受海水入侵的影响,给工农业生产和人民生活造成了严重的危害。通过调查分析平度市北胶莱河沿岸海水入侵的现状和特点;针对海水入侵的演化特征分析了海水入侵的形成原因,并分析海水入侵造成的危害,提出相应的防治对策。  相似文献   

内蒙古索伦地区辉长岩侵入体对上二叠统林西组烃源岩的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵亮亮  朱占平  王德海  邓骁  王兀升 《地质与资源》2011,20(3):205-209

内蒙古上二叠统林西组具有潜在的较大生烃能力.在烃源岩生烃过程中侵入岩体起到了一定的控制作用.因此针对索伦地区辉长岩侵入体对林西组烃源岩的影响进行了岩石学、有机地球化学等方面的研究,发现似层状辉长岩侵入体对围岩的影响范围仅相当于岩体自身厚度.在侵入界面的外侧,烃源岩具有变质分带现象以及有机质含量低、高熟和裂缝发育的特点,其根源是辉长岩体侵入时的较高温度和压力造成的.辉长岩侵入时带来的高温促进了烃源岩的热演化,并提高了有机质成熟度和生烃量;高压使围岩产生的大量裂缝为烃源岩排烃提供了通道.  相似文献   

分级真空预压法加固吹填土过程中孔隙分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苑晓青  王清  孙铁  夏玉斌  陈慧娥  宋晶 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(1):169-176

针对实际工程中吹填土自重固结时间过长和真空预压加固过程中排水管容易淤堵、固结、速度减慢的问题,提出了分级真空预压即逐级施加真空荷载的加固方案,进行了室内模拟试验。试验结果表明：吹填土在固结过程中含水率逐渐减小,易溶盐含量逐渐减小,土体强度逐渐增大,吹填土的物理化学性质得到改善,土体固结效果较均匀;同时对吹填土固结过程中取样进行压汞试验,利用分形理论划分了吹填土孔隙分布区间。探讨了固结过程中孔隙分布特征的变化规律：随着固结压力的增加,吹填土中超大孔隙和大孔隙先被压缩成中孔隙,中孔隙再被压缩成小孔隙;孔径分布由大孔隙集中分布(占50%以上)向中孔隙(占35%以上)和小孔隙(占35%以上)发展。  相似文献