Air--sea gaseous exchange of PCB at the Venice lagoon (Italy)     

Manodori L  Gambaro A  Moret I  Capodaglio G  Cescon P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(10):1634-1644

Water bodies are important storage media for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and this function is increased in coastal regions because their inputs are higher than those to the open sea. The air-water interface is extensively involved with the global cycling of PCBs because it is the place where they accumulate due to depositional processes and where they may be emitted by gaseous exchange. In this work the parallel collection of air, microlayer and sub-superficial water samples was performed in July 2005 at a site in the Venice lagoon to evaluate the summer gaseous flux of PCBs. The total concentration of PCBs (sum of 118 congeners) in air varies from 87 to 273 pg m(-3), whereas in the operationally defined dissolved phase of microlayer and sub-superficial water samples it varies from 159 to 391 pg L(-1). No significant enrichment of dissolved PCB into the microlayer has been observed, although a preferential accumulation of most hydrophobic congeners occurs. Due to this behaviour, we believe that the modified two-layer model was the most suitable approach for the evaluation of the flux at the air-sea interface, because it takes into account the influence of the microlayer. From its application it appears that PCB volatilize from the lagoon waters with a net flux varying from 58 to 195 ng m(-2)d(-1) (uncertainty: +/-50-64%) due to the strong influence of wind speed. This flux is greater than those reported in the literature for the atmospheric deposition and rivers input and reveals that PCB are actively emitted from the Venice lagoon in summer months.  相似文献   

核电厂项目设计接口管理分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

游震宇 《中国勘察设计》2010,(2):25-27

介绍了核电厂项目中的设计接口关系,以及我国应用接口控制手册(ICM)进行设计接口管理的工程实践,并对ICM的有效管理提出了新的看法。  相似文献   

传感光纤-砂土界面力学性质的试验研究     

佘骏宽  朱鸿鹄  张诚成  施斌  严臖凡 《工程地质学报》2014,22(5):855-860

近年来分布式光纤感测技术在岩土与地质工程领域的应用研究已成为一个研究热点,但工程实践表明,埋入式传感光纤与被测岩土体之间的变形协调性会对监测结果产生显著的影响,该问题一直制约着光纤感测技术在工程监测中的推广。本文通过一系列室内拉拔试验,对比了3种预埋于砂土中的单模光纤在不同上覆压力的作用下的拉拔力-拉拔位移曲线,并建立了一个用于描述光纤-砂土界面力学性质的三段式的拉拔模型,分析峰值拉拔力、残余拉拔力、有效拉拔位移和残余拉拔位移4个参数在不同上覆压力作用下的变化情况。分析结果揭示传感光纤-砂土界面的力学特性和应力传递规律,为分布式光纤传感技术在岩土体变形监测中的应用,尤其在变形监测光纤的选用标准方面,提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

山东烟台大季家地区海水入侵界面划分的意义     

宋希利  ;宋鹏  ;时彦芳  ;耿祥峰 《山东地质》2014,(6):58-61

在沿海地区划分海水入侵界线具有重大意义,在海水入侵范围内,地下水由于含盐量高,虽然工业生产、人畜生活不能利（饮）用,但深部海水可为海产品养殖业带来较高的利用价值。利用高密度电法和可控源音频大地电磁2种方法准确划分了浅、深部海水入侵界线,并根据电性特征分析探讨了海水入侵区域的由浅至深的侵入特点,推测了不同深度上岩石破碎及富水规律,为探讨沿海养殖业利用温度相对稳定或较高的深部入侵海水进行了积极、有益的探讨。  相似文献   

人机交互策略在GIS软件用户界面设计中的研究     

石琳  张琼 《东北测绘》2014,(2):165-167,170

随着计算机技术的不断进步,用户界面设计---有效的人机交互策略变得更加重要。地理信息系统的发展要求其系统软件的设计者与开发者设计开发出更加人性化的用户界面,以提高不同领域、不同层次软件使用者的满意度。  相似文献   

On the hydraulic intake shape factor for a circular opening located at an impervious boundary: Influence of inclined stratification     

A. P. S. Selvadurai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(6):639-651

In this paper, we develop an exact closed form solution for a circular entry point located at the interface between an impermeable material and a stratified porous medium, where the principal plane of hydraulic isotropy is inclined to the interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the relation between the evolution of natural environment and human factors and the development of urban settlement—Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as an examples     

Xiaowei Xian  Linyuan Zhang  Nanshan Ai  Wohlke Wihelm 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1991,1(1):42-53

Lanzhou Valley Basin is composed of two smaller diamond-shaped basins striking from NW to SE and including 6 river terraces. The lower terraces remaining even and smooth are main sites for city buildings. The main function of Lanzhou urban settlement is a ferry and transport centre. Lanzhou used to be an important crossing site and post on the “silk road”, and then became a transport and trade centre in Northwest China. In the middle part of the 17th century, Lanzhou became the capital of Gansu, a new province. The development process of Lanzhou urban settlement indicates that urban settlement is a system consisting of natural environment and human society based on the former.  相似文献   

A theory of pressure sensor performance in snow     

Jerome B. Johnson 《水文研究》2004,18(1):53-64

A theory of pressure sensor response in snow is derived and used to examine the sources of measurement errors in snow water equivalent (SWE) pressure sensors. Measurement errors in SWE are caused by differences in the compressibility of the pressure sensor and the adjacent snow layer, which produces a shear stress along the perimeter of the sensor. When the temperature at the base of the snow cover equals 0 °C, differences in the snowmelt rate between the snow–SWE sensor interface and the adjacent snow–soil interface may also produce a shear stress along the sensor's perimeter. This shear stress perturbs the pressure field over the sensor, producing SWE measurement errors. Snow creep acts to reduce shear stresses along the SWE sensor's perimeter at a rate that is inversely proportional to the snow viscosity. For sustained periods of differential snowmelt, a difference in the mass of snow over the sensor compared with the surrounding soil will develop, producing additional permanent errors in SWE measurements. The theory indicates that SWE pressure sensor performance can be improved by designing a sensor with a high Young's modulus (low compressibility), low aspect ratio, large diameter and thermal properties that match those of the surrounding soil. Simulations of SWE pressure sensor errors using the theory are in close agreement with observed errors and may provide a means to correct historical SWE measurements for use in hydrological hindcast or climate studies. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A simplified analysis of interface failure under compressive normal stress and monotonic or cyclic shear loading     

Zenon Mrz  Marcin Bia&#x;as 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(4):337-368

Interface damage and delamination is usually accompanied by frictional slip at contacting interfaces under compressive normal stress. The present work is concerned with an analysis of progressive interface failure using the cohesive crack model with the critical stress softening and frictional traction present at the contact. Both monotonic and cyclic loadings are considered for anti‐plane shear of an elastic plate bonded to a rigid substrate by means of cohesive interface. An analytical solution can be obtained by neglecting the effect of minor shear stress component. The analysis of progressive delamination process revealed three solution types, namely: short, medium and long plate solutions. The long plate solution was obtained under an assumption of quasistatic progressive growth of the delamination zone. In view of snap back response, the quasistatic deformation process cannot be executed by either traction or displacement control. The states of frictional slip accompanied by shake down or incremental failure are distinguished in the case of cyclic loading, related to load amplitude and structural dimensions. The analysis provides a reference solution for numerical treatment of more complex cases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

MapXtreme for Java 开发中QureyBuilder接口的应用     

马庆勋  武法东 《测绘科学》2007,32(5):163-164

采用SQL查询语句来定义图层,是应用开发的核心和技术难点之一。QureyBuilder接口技术是数据库类型数据源开发中至关重要的技术环节之一。本文对MapXtreme Java中SQL查询定义图层的方式进行了分析,介绍了QureyBuilder接口应用机理,并给出了完整的QureyBuilder接口应用实例。  相似文献