《伤寒论》是中医辨治疫病的奠基之作（一）          下载免费PDF全文

袁长津 《应用海洋学学报》2023,39(6):1

东汉张仲景所著《伤寒杂病论》一书中,虽没有后世疫病之名目,却真实记载了大量辨治疫病之证治方药的条文及案例经验。笔者抚今追古,重温经典,结合自己多年的临床经验及其体认,并引证了当代诸多医家名宿之论,认为《伤寒论》堪称我国古代疫病防治的奠基之作。《伤寒论》虽以辨治寒疫及寒湿疫为主,但也包括湿热类、热毒类及瘀毒类疫病的证治。其所论及疫病的类型及疑似病种,寒湿类疫病主要包括：流行性感冒及其并发呼吸道和消化道感染,流行性脑脊髓膜炎,流行性腹泻（寒性）及寒性霍乱,流行性出血热等急性传染病;温热类疫病最为确定的是“黄疸”和“下利”,其证候与现代所谓急性病毒肝炎和急性细菌性痢疾基本相同;该书还开示了辨治热毒疫、瘀毒疫之法门,对后世影响深远。笔者还从《伤寒论》全篇整体分析,体悟到张仲景以“正邪博弈”为核心理念辨治外感疫病的思想,分别采取以祛邪为主、以扶正为主或以祛邪扶正并重的治则大法;并开创了病证结合、以辨证论治为主的中医诊疗模式。  相似文献   

美国南极科研投入的统计分析及其对我国的启示          下载免费PDF全文

刘涵  张侠 《极地研究》2017,29(2):245-255

近些年来南极科研越来越受到世界各国的重视,作为《南极条约》的发起者和南极条约体系的管理者,美国始终站在南极科学研究前沿,对维护其国际南极事务领导地位有着重要意义。1953—2016年美国国家科学基金资助了7 759个南极科研项目,通过统计分析对项目投入进行以下4个方面的分析:南极项目投入、南极科研各学科投入、科研大项目以及合作机构。研究发现:(1)1953年至今,美国国家科学基金会(NSF)对美国南极科研项目的资助力度和重视力度不断增加,促进了美国南极政策的落实和发展;(2)美国各大科学指导机构出台的前瞻性文件对引领美国南极科考发展方向起到重要作用;(3)NSF充分利用各高等院校和研究机构的资源设施,搭建科研支撑平台,与之展开长期南极科研项目合作;(4)NSF重视科研大项目的开展,这些大项目站在南极科学前沿,引领美国南极科研更好地发展;(5)NSF通过学校、社会、媒体多个渠道开展南极教育,增进群众对南极了解并培养科研人员来维护美国在南极的科考领先地位。上述研究发现为中国南极科研政策制定提供了相应的启示。  相似文献   

Simplified discrete systems for dynamic analysis of structures on footings and piles     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

A simplified discrete system in the form of a simple oscillator is developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of a structure founded through footings or piles on compliant ground, under harmonic excitation. Exact analytical expressions for the fundamental natural period and the corresponding damping coefficients of the above system are derived, as function of geometry and the frequency-dependent foundation impedances. In an effort to quantify the coupling between swaying and rocking oscillations in embedded foundations such as piles, the reference system is translated from the footing–soil interface to the depth where the resultant soil reaction is applied, to ensure a diagonal impedance matrix. The resulting eccentricity is a measure of the coupling effect between the two oscillation modes. The amounts of radiation damping generated from a single pile and a surface footing are evaluated. In order to compare the damping of a structure on a surface footing and a pile, the notion of static and geometric equivalence is introduced. It is shown that a pile may generate significantly higher radiation damping than an equivalent footing, thus acting as an elementary protective system against seismic action.  相似文献   

水电站坝的砂层地基地震液化可靠度研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

周江平  李文纲  赵善锐 《工程地质学报》2005,13(3):382-388

对四川地区江河上数座水电站坝基砂层的26组动力三轴试验资料进行了统计分析,基于动剪应力比法的液化判别方法推导了的地震液化的极限状态方程,使用蒙特卡洛随机抽样的方法计算了砂层液化的失效概率,并对某水电站的厂房地基砂层的液化可靠度进行了计算分析。研究表明,统计按粉砂样总体和中细砂样总体划分较为合理;砂层的动剪应力比可采用正态分布;电站砂层地基地震液化的最危险工况为,闸坝盖重加稳定的向上渗流及遭遇Ⅶ度地震荷载,为高液化风险,其液化概率随埋深加大而增大,最危险部位为砂层底板,对坝基砂层应进行抗液化处理。  相似文献   

国家自然科学基金人文地理学项目研究特征简析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

冷疏影 《地理学报》2013,68(10):1307-1315

以2007-2011 年国家自然科学基金人文地理学代码(D0102) 的申请书作为样本,对申请代码、重点研究领域以及研究内容进行梳理,分析中国人文地理学近期发展特征。分析认为,科学问题综合与学科间交叉研究的增加使人文地理学学科边界呈现模糊化的趋势;研究方向体现了时代特点且各研究方向之间申请数量比较均衡;研究关键词大量涌现但共识性表述相对较少;选题颇具本土应用特点但学科体系建设意识逐步增强。  相似文献   

Centrifuge modeling of offshore wind foundations under earthquake loading     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The construction of large offshore wind turbines in seismic active regions has great demand on the design of foundations. The occurrence of soil liquefaction under seismic motion will affect the stability of the foundations and consequently the operation of the turbines. In this study, a group of earthquake centrifuge tests was performed on wind turbine models with gravity and monopile foundations, respectively, to exam their seismic response. It was found that the seismic behavior of models was quite different in the dry or saturated conditions. Each type of foundation exhibited distinct response to the earthquake loading, especially in the offshore environment. In the supplementary tests, several remediation methods were evaluated in order to mitigate the relatively large lateral displacement of pile foundation (by fixed-end pile and multi-pile foundation) and excessive settlement of gravity foundation (by densification, stone column, and cementation techniques).  相似文献   

Reply to comments on “Flow resistance of one-line emergent vegetation along the floodplain edge of a compound open channel” by Xin Sun,Koji Shiono [Adv. Water Resour. 32(2009), 430–438]     

X. Sun  K. Shiono 《Advances in water resources》2010

  相似文献   

Energy losses in compound open channels     

S. Proust  D. Bousmar  N. Rivière  A. Paquier  Y. Zech 《Advances in water resources》2010

This paper investigates energy losses in compound channel under non-uniform flow conditions. Using the first law of thermodynamics, the concepts of energy loss and head loss are first distinguished. They are found to be different within one sub-section (main channel or floodplain). Experimental measurements of the head within the main channel and the floodplain are then analyzed for geometries with constant or variable channel width. Results show that head loss differs from one sub-section to another: the classical 1D hypothesis of unique head loss gradient appears to be erroneous. Using a model that couple 1D momentum equations, called “Independent Sub-sections Method (ISM)”, head losses are resolved. The relative weights of head losses related to bed friction, turbulent exchanges and mass transfers between sub-sections are estimated. It is shown that water level and the discharge distribution across the channel are influenced by turbulent exchanges for (a) developing flows in straight channels, but only when the flow tends to uniformity; (b) flows in skewed floodplains and symmetrical converging floodplains for small relative flow depth; (c) flows in symmetrical diverging floodplains for small and medium relative depth. Flow parameters are influenced by the momentum flux due to mass exchanges in all non-prismatic geometries for small and medium relative depth, while this flux is negligible for developing flows in straight geometry. The role of an explicit modeling of mass conservation between sub-sections is eventually investigated.  相似文献   

地基隔震减震机理研究     

毛尚礼  余湘娟  张富有 《华南地震》2010,30(3):75-80

分析了地基隔震减震的机理,包括层状土体界面对地震波的反射、土体非均匀性引起的散射、地基土层的粘滞耗能、塑性变形耗能、土颗粒的摩擦耗能、液化土层对地震波的滤波和吸收,并归纳了砂垫层等可以作为地基隔震减震层的材料。  相似文献   

Centrifuge modeling of batter pile foundations under earthquake excitation     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

Although batter pile foundations are widely used in civil engineering structures, their behavior under seismic loadings is not yet thoroughly understood. This paper provides insights about the differences in the behavior of batter and vertical piles under seismic soil-pile-superstructure interaction. An experimental dynamic centrifuge program is presented, where the influences of the base shaking signal and the height of the gravity center of the superstructure are investigated. Various seismic responses are analyzed (displacement and rotation of the pile cap, total shear force at the pile cap level, overturning moment, residual bending moment, total bending moment and axial forces in piles). It is found that in certain cases batter piles play a beneficial role on the seismic behavior of the pile foundation system. The performance of batter piles depends not only on the characteristics of the earthquakes (frequency content and amplitude) but also on the type of superstructures they support. This novel experimental work provides a new experimental database to better understand the behavior of batter pile foundations in seismic regions.  相似文献