GIS公路地质环境评价研究     

王学杰  陈廷方  高德政 《上海国土资源》2006,(3):15-18

地质环境评价是公路环境评价中一项重要的内容,但公路地质环境定量化的影响评价至今报道甚少。该文根据高速公路通过区地质环境特点,提出了一套用于地质环境评价的指标体系,叙述了公路地质环境评价的基本技术流程,以地质环境评价空间图形信息和属性信息为基础建立系统数据库,利用GIS系统的空间分析能力,评价道路地质环境影响的研究思路。  相似文献   

胶东半岛牟平-即墨断裂带晚中生代运动学转换历史   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23       下载免费PDF全文

张岳桥  李金良张田 袁嘉音 《地质论评》2007,53(3):289-300

牟平-即墨断裂带不仅构成了苏鲁造山带与胶北地块（华北地块）的边界，也是中国东部巨型郯庐走滑断裂系（即郯城-庐江走滑断裂系）的主要组成部分。基于野外断层滑动矢量分析和古构造应力场反演、侵入岩和火山岩锆石U-Pb离子探针和Ar-Ar测年分析，结合海域地球物理资料解释成果，研究了该断裂带平面展布形态和晚中生代构造演化历史。结果表明，牟平-即墨断裂带在晚侏罗世-白垩纪时期经历了挤压左旋平移引张伸展右旋走滑拉分等3个显著不同的运动学转变历史。晚侏罗世是重要的挤压作用时期，沿断裂带发生显著的左旋走滑活动，牟平-即墨断裂带东支桃村-东陡山断裂记录了约30km的左旋错移量。早白垩世时期，构造体制以引张伸展活动为主，引张应力方向为NW-SE至近W-E向，沿断裂带形成一系列深而狭长的断陷盆地；盆地中侵入岩和火山喷发岩锆石U-Pb离子探针和Ar-Ar测试，获得了一致的年龄在106～123Ma。晚白垩世古新世时期，断裂带以右旋走滑活动为主，右旋剪切拉分作用控制了胶县-莱阳伸展断陷盆地的发育，沿断裂带局部凹陷区控制了晚白垩世王氏群沉积。早、晚白垩世之间发生一期构造挤压事件，挤压方向NW-SE，导致断陷盆地构造反转和断裂带左旋走滑活动，但这期走滑位移量不大。牟平即墨断裂带运动学历史和构造应力场演化较完整地记录了中国东部晚中生代构造体制转换过程，并对构造体制转换过程的动力学背景提供了重要的构造地质学制约。  相似文献   

修正的莫尔-库仑理论的解析和验证     

石寒 《岩土力学》2007,28(7):1491-1494

根据主应力可分解为静水应力和偏应力,以及它们在应力莫尔圆和变形方面的相关性,推导出修正的莫尔-库仑理论的数学表达式。从理论上解决了库仑理论和莫尔理论存在的许多缺陷,特别是中间主应力对材料抗剪强度的影响。它的四参数准则的计算结果与一些混凝土的试验数据相当吻合。  相似文献   

煤炭资源勘查规范的进步与发展——新型煤炭资源地质勘查法规体系的构建思维     

李献水  陈平 《中国煤田地质》2007,19(1):1-3,86

在贯彻执行我国现行有关煤炭资源勘查规范及相关规定的基础上，对国际国内煤炭地质勘查阶段划分进行了对比，论述了建国以来中国煤炭地质勘查规范的主要技术内涵，对加强贯彻新规范，促进标准化体系建设和适应社会主义市场经济体制改革进行了探讨。  相似文献   

三峡引水工程秦巴段输水隧洞稳定性分析     

李东林吴树仁  韩金良刘景儒 《地质通报》2007,26(3):321-326

三峡引水工程秦巴段隧洞总长占线路总长的80%。为了分析隧洞施工及运营中可能发生的工程地质问题,在地质调查、地应力测量和岩石力学参数测试的基础上,利用Ansys有限元软件对引水工程北部不同深度、不同截面形态的隧洞围岩的应力重分布情况进行了模拟计算,得到了圆形隧洞、城门形隧洞和马蹄形隧洞围岩的应力分布结果。利用Hoek-Brown强度准则,得到了隧洞围岩的强度/应力比值,进而对不同深度、不同截面形态的隧洞围岩的稳定性进行了分析。初步认为:隧洞埋深小于1000m时,应优先考虑圆形隧洞和马蹄形隧洞;埋深大于1000m时,应优先考虑城门形隧洞。这项研究成果为引水工程深埋隧洞的设计提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

Tectonic implications of damage zone-related fault-fracture networks revealed in drill core through the Nojima fault, Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aiming Lin  Tadashi Maruyama  Kenta Kobayashi 《Tectonophysics》2007,443(3-4):161

1800 m of drill core through the Nojima fault zone, Japan, reveals subsidiary fault and fracture networks that developed in the fault zone that triggered the 1995 Ms 7.2 Kobe earthquake. The subsidiary fault zones contain a fault gouge of < 1 cm bounded by thin zones of foliated cataclasite or breccia. Fractures are filled with calcite veins, calcite-cemented breccias, clay, and iron-oxide and carbonate alternation of the granitic host rock. These features are typical of extensional fractures that form the conduit network for fluid flux close to a major fault zone. The zone of distributed deformation surrounding the main fault is 50 m in width, and the dip of the Nojima fault at > 1 km depth is 75°. The fault-fracture networks associated with the Nojima fault zone are coseismic and were filled with carbonate and fine-grained material during repeated seismic-related infiltration of the fault zone by carbonate-bearing subsurface water. This study shows that fault-related fracture networks plays an important role as fluid flow conduits within seismically active faults, and can change in character from zones of high permeability to low permeability due to cementation and/or pore collapse.  相似文献   

南海夏季风爆发早晚的越赤道气流特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

覃志年  金龙何慧 《广西气象》2007,28(3):8-11

根据国家气候中心提供的南海夏季风爆发期典型偏早（1966、1972、1996、2000、2001年）和偏晚年份（1970、1973、1987、1989、1991年）,利用ECMW F再分析1-5月逐日经向风资料,计算5个通道越赤道气流和越赤道乞流总量的距平值;探讨越赤道气流与南海夏季风爆发早晚的关系与特征。为预测南海夏季风爆发早晚提供判据。  相似文献   

Simulation of seismicity due to fluid migration in a fault zone   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Teruo Yamashita 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,132(3):674-686

Spatio-temporal variation of rupture activity is modelled assuming fluid migration in a narrow, porous fault zone formed along a vertical strike-slip fault in a semi-infinite elastic medium. The principle of the effective stress coupled to the Coulomb failure criterion introduces mechanical coupling between fault slip and the pore fluid. The fluid is assumed to flow out of a localized high-pressure fluid compartment in the fault at the onset of earthquake rupture. The duration of the earthquake sequence is assumed to be much shorter than the recurrence period of characteristic events on the fault. Both an earthquake swarm and a foreshock–main-shock sequence can be simulated by changing the relative magnitudes of the initial tectonic stress, pore fluid pressure, fracture strength and so on. When an inhomogeneity is introduced into the spatial distribution of fracture strength, high complexity is observed in the spatio-temporal variation of rupture activity. For example, the time interval between two successive events is highly irregular, and a relatively long quiescence of activity is sometimes observed in a foreshock–main-shock sequence. The quiescence is caused by the temporary arresting of rupture extension, due to an encounter with fault segments having locally high strengths. The frequency–magnitude statistics of intermediate-size events obey the Gutenberg–Richter relation. The calculations show the temporal variation of the b value during some foreshock sequences, and the degree of the change seems to depend on the statistical distribution of the fracture strength.  相似文献   

A note on the relationship between dip-slip fault parameters and plate parameters in the two-dimensional modelling of preseismic deformation     

Sarva Jit Singh  Mahabir Singh 《Journal of Earth System Science》1998,107(2):155-160

Preseismic lithospheric deformation at a subduction zone can be modelled as dip-slip dislocation on an inclined fault or as flexure of a thin plate. Both these models predict a region of positive topography known as forebulge or outer rise. By matching the location and the magnitude of the forebulge, we derive useful relations between the dip-slip fault parameters and the plate parameters. In particular, we determine the width of a long dip-slip fault of given dip corresponding to a semi-infinite plate of given thickness. The displacement profiles of the two models are also compared.  相似文献   

Mineralogy and physical nature of clay gouge     

Francis T. Wu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(4-5):655-689

Fault gouges have been observed in the surface outcrops, in shallow excavations, and in deep (300 meters below the surface) tunnels and mines in fault zones. The 2-microns fractions in these fault gouges may compose a few percent to more than fifty percent of the total mass in the outcrops, and the mineralogy of the 2-microns fractions consists of a variety of clays (the common ones are montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, vermiculite and mixed-layer clays) and some quartz, feldspars, etc.Although we cannot yet conclude directly from the studies of gouges that similar gouges exist at depths where many large shallow earthquakes are generated, there is a strong possibility that they do, based on (1) available equilibrium data on various clays — for example, kaolinite has been found to exist at 4 kb and 375°C (±15°C) (Thompson, 1970) and montmorillonite + kaolite has been found to exist at 450°C and 4 kb (Velde, 1969); (2) the compatibility of laboratory velocity data in gouge (Wang et al., 1977) with those in a model for central California (Healy andPeake, 1975); (3) the capability of clays to undergo sudden earthquake-like displacements (Summers andByerlee, 1977); (4) the petrology of intrafault cataclastic rocks in old fault zones (Kasza, 1977); and (5) the compatibility of gouge mineralogy with the mineralogy of hydrothermal clay deposits.If clay gouges are indeed significant components of the fault zone at depth, then the mechanical properties of clays under confining pressures up to 4 kb are important in the behavior of faults. Very few experiments have been performed under such high pressures. But from the physical makeup of clays, we can infer that (1) the range of possible behavior includes stable sliding with vermiculite and montmorillonite (asByerlee andSummers, 1977, have proven) to stick-slip-like behavior with kaolinite, chlorite, etc.; (2) the absence or presence of water will greatly affect the strengths of gouges — it is possible that water may reduce the strength of gouge to a fairly small value.  相似文献