全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1261篇 |
免费 | 154篇 |
国内免费 | 148篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 11篇 |
大气科学 | 5篇 |
地球物理 | 320篇 |
地质学 | 741篇 |
海洋学 | 290篇 |
天文学 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 30篇 |
自然地理 | 162篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 43篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 97篇 |
2012年 | 54篇 |
2011年 | 65篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 63篇 |
2008年 | 75篇 |
2007年 | 76篇 |
2006年 | 69篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 57篇 |
2003年 | 52篇 |
2002年 | 50篇 |
2001年 | 45篇 |
2000年 | 53篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1563条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
The Pedra Furada is a 12 m wide, 18 m high outcrop feature showing hundreds of ferruginised sandy tubes and looking in part like a giant organ. In this paper the origin of the tubes is explained on the basis of geochemical, petrographic and microscopic (optical and electronic) analytical data. The tubes are considered to represent vertical escape channels for overpressured water, exhibiting inward decreasing grain size due to water velocity gradients inside the escape channels. The ferruginisation is due to iron oxides associated with colloidal/clayey fine sediments and to goethite formed from solution. The overpressure of water may be due to seismically fluidised beds below the Pedra Furada outcrop or to artesian water ascent. In both cases, fault rupturing may have played a major role in the focussing of the ascending flow. 相似文献
32.
Under seismic excitation, liquefied clean medium to dense cohesionless soils may regain a high level of shear resistance at large shear strain excursions. This pattern of response, known as a form of cyclic mobility, has been documented by a large body of laboratory sample tests and centrifuge experiments. A plasticity-based constitutive model is developed with emphasis on simulating the cyclic mobility response mechanism and associated pattern of shear strain accumulation. This constitutive model is incorporated into a two-phase (solid–fluid), fully coupled finite element code. Calibration of the constitutive model is described, based on a unique set of laboratory triaxial tests (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic centrifuge experiments. In this experimental series, Nevada sand at a relative density of about 40% is employed. The calibration effort focused on reproducing the salient characteristics of dynamic site response as dictated by the cyclic mobility mechanism. Finally, using the calibrated model, a numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the effect of excitation frequency content on post-liquefaction ground deformations. 相似文献
33.
Natural riparian forest wetlands are known to be effective in their ability to remove nitrate by denitrification and sediments with attached phosphorus via sedimentation. On the other hand, litter input and decomposition is a process of crucial importance in cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in a forest ecosystem.In this study we investigated the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering the alder fen ecosystem through leaf litter and its decomposition and the removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus by measuring denitrification and sedimentation in the alder fen.We found an average input of leaf litter during fall 1998 of 226 g m−2 yr−1 DW with nutrient concentration of 0.17% P and 1.6% N. This means a yearly input of 0.4 g m−2 yr−1 P and 3.6 g m−2 yr−1 N. The decomposition of leaf litter using litter bags with small and large mesh size resulted in bags with macroinvertebrates (large mesh size) and without macroinvertebrates (small mesh size). After 57 days the litter bags with macroinvertebrates had a decomposition rate of 79%.Denitrification was measured in May and June of 1997 using the acetylene inhibition technique on intact soil cores and slurry-experiments. The average annual denitrification rate was 0.2 g m−2 yr−1 N using data from the core experiments. The denitrification rate was higher after addition of nitrate, indicating that denitrification in the riparian alder fen is mainly controlled by nitrate supply.The sedimentation rate in the investigated alder fen ranged from 0.47 kg m−2 yr−1 DW to 4.46 kg m−2 yr−1 DW in 1998 depending on the study site and method we used. Sedimentation rates were lower in newly designed plate traps than in cylinder traps. The alder fen also showed lower rates than the adjacent creek Briese. Average phosphorus removal rate was 0.33 g m−2 yr−1 P.Input sources for the surface water of the alder fen are sediment mineralization and decomposition of leaf litter; output sources are sedimentation and denitrification. This study showed that a nutrient input of 24.58 kg ha−1 yr−1 N, 8.8 kg ha−1 yr−1 P and 419 kg ha−1 yr−1 DOC into the surface water of the alder fen is possible. Alder fens cannot improve water quality of an adjacent river system. This is only true for a nearly pristine alder fen with the hydrology of 10 months flooded conditions and 2 months non-flooding conditions a year. 相似文献
34.
35.
In the Haushi-Huqf (Eastern Central Oman) as in other parts of the Arabian platform, a major sedimentary break is recorded between the Early Aptian carbonates (Shu'aiba Formation) and the Albian orbitolinid-rich marls (Nahr Umr Formation). The unconformity corresponds to a succession of events: (1) a brusque interruption of the regressive sequence of the Shu'aiba limestone (algae and small rudistid build-ups); (2) a stratigraphic gap related to the Late Aptian; (3) the development of a thick ferruginous crust (hardground) that covered the top surface of the Shu'aiba; the hardground is related to a forced flooding surface; (4) the Shu'aiba was rapidly drowned and buried under the Nahr Umr marls. Moreover, the Shu'aiba limestone was subject to faulting NW–SE-trending normal faults before lithification and formation of the ferruginous crust. The faulting episode is clearly dated: post-Early Aptian and pre-Albian. The signification of the faulting remains hypothetical. The syndiagenetic NW–SE normal faults may correspond to ‘en echelon’ faults, combined with transcurrent fault movements (for example the Haushi-Nafun Fault). The possible causes of these intra-platform transcurrent movements are discussed. To cite this article: C. Montenat, P. Barrier, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 781–787. 相似文献
36.
Straight river is generally regarded as one of the typical river patterns in conventional classifications in terms of their channel plain landforms. However, very few straight patterns were found to be distributed in wider spatial and temporal spans in the self-adjusted fluvial rivers. Thus, the questions occur such as that is it possible for a channel takes on a stable straight pattern? What are the main factors controlling the processes of the river pattern formation and transformation from a straight to other patterns? Various theories and hypotheses including geomorphic threshold hypothesis, the extreme hypothesis on energy dissipation rate, the stability theory, etc. have been developed to explain the aforementioned questions, but none of them is sound for the explanation to the straight-river formation. From the modern fluvial plain patterns, the straight patterns are not as stable as other typical patterns which occurred in nature; from the historic records of the river sedimentation, no apparent evidence was found to support the stable straight river evolution. Based on the analysis of existing theories, observations, evolvement processes of the channel patterns in the experimental results, this paper concluded that the straight pattern should not be included as one of the typical patterns that are self-formed and developed. This study is of importance to understanding of the river pattern formation and transformation. 相似文献
37.
贵州寒武系底部黑色硅质岩成因及沉积环境探讨 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
贵州寒武系底部形成的黑色层状硅质岩,岩石展布广,层位稳定,厚度较大。硅质岩的δ^30Si值为—0.1‰~0.9‰,平均0.314‰;δ^18O值为12.8‰~21.2‰,通过δ^18O值计算出该区硅质岩形成温度82.2~162.5℃;硅质岩富含Ba、As、Sb、Bi和U,呈明显的Ce负异常。硅质岩的地球化学特征表明其主要成因是热水沉积作用。同时由于硅质岩主要是热水来源,所以在讨论其形成环境时还结合了岩相古地理的方法,指出该套硅质岩形成于深水缓坡至浅水滞流海环境之中。 相似文献
38.
青海锡铁山热水沉积型铅锌矿床的地球化学特征 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
通过对锡铁山铅锌矿床的围岩(矿石)化学成分、稀土及微量元素特征的研究,发现矿区地层普遍具有铈负异常(δCe=0.47~0.90),为海相沉积岩,近矿围岩中Ag、Hg、As、Sb、Ba等热水沉积指示元素偏高,显示成矿流体性质为热卤水,矿区火山岩不发育,矿床类型可以划为Sedex型。 相似文献
39.
渤海湾老狼坨子海岸带^14C,^137Cs、^210Pb测年与现代沉积速率的加速趋势 总被引:10,自引:5,他引:10
通过对渤海湾西岸L剖面中同一关键层的碳酸钙和原生腹足类壳债权的^14C测年对比研究,确定了晚全新世的2800cal BP的层位及沉积速率0.045cm/a;8个样柱的^137Cs和^210Pbex强度、蓄积量揭示了距今约120年来堤后盐沼的平均沉积速率约为0.35cm/a,而面向开放海湾的潮坪上部则达到约2-3cm/a。研究区近1个世纪以来沉积速率的加速趋势,是渤海湾西岸泥质海岸带的特征之一。 相似文献
40.
A critical state interpretation for the cyclic liquefaction resistance of silty sands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
George D. Bouckovalas Konstantinos I. Andrianopoulos Achilleas G. Papadimitriou 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(2):115-125
Contrary to many laboratory investigations, common empirical correlations from in situ tests consider that the increase in the percentage of fines leads to an increase of the cyclic liquefaction resistance of sands. This paper draws upon the integrated Critical State Soil Mechanics framework in order to study this seemingly not univocal effect. Firstly the effect of fines on the Critical State Line (CSL) is studied through a statistical analysis of a large data set of published monotonic triaxial tests. The results show that increasing the content of non-plastic fines practically leads to a clockwise rotation of the CSL in (e–ln p) space. The implication of this effect on cyclic liquefaction resistance is subsequently evaluated with the aid of a properly calibrated critical state elasto-plastic constitutive model, as well as a large number of published experimental results and in situ empirical correlations. Both sets of data show clearly that a fines content, less than about 30% by weight, may prove beneficial at relatively small effective stresses (p0<50–70 kPa), such as the in situ stresses prevailing in most liquefaction case studies, and detrimental at larger confining stresses, i.e. the stresses usually considered in laboratory tests. To the extent of these findings, a correction factor is proposed for the practical evaluation of liquefaction resistance in terms of the fines content and the mean effective confining stress. 相似文献