大别造山带岩石圈结构与超高压变质岩折返的另类模型   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

袁学诚  李善芳 《中国地质》2008,35(4):565-576

氦同位素研究确定,大别山榴辉岩等超高压岩石矿物并非来自地幔,而是生成于岩石圈地幔顶部。结合深部地球物理,提出一个岩石圈地幔顶部形成超高压矿物的模型。即表壳岩石俯冲到岩石圈地幔顶部,形成超高压变质岩,然后由于地壳隆升、剥蚀,出露到地表。冲入大别山地区岩石圈地幔顶部的表壳岩石之所以会形成超高压变质岩是因为它同时受到板块会聚的强大压力和蘑菇云地幔产生的高温。沿六安—黄石综合地球物理、地球化学剖面实测的热流剖面显示,南大别构造带的莫霍面温度达到1307℃,超高压变质作用所需要的高温条件至今依然存在。已有文献表明黏塑性的大陆板块在碰撞俯冲时,岩石圈地幔的变形远比通常认定的那种刚性板块俯冲要复杂。俯冲呈对冲形式,方向大都向下,在岩石圈地幔中,俯冲板块和制动板块像麻花一样相互楔入,在深部甚至改变俯冲方向,制动板块反而向俯冲板块俯冲。当岩石圈地幔顶部局部熔融时,无疑俯冲物质将向局部熔融层扩散,在高温高压下发生超高压变质作用。大别山变形晚期,在核部形成“背形穹隆”。将形成于岩石圈地幔顶部的超高压变质岩带到地表,接受剥蚀而出露地表。已有资料表明,全球主要超高压变质岩的分布带与古特提斯洋分布有关,古特提斯洋碰撞带是全球最长的一条陆内碰撞俯冲带。它们是否均为黏塑性板块之间的软碰撞、在邻近碰撞带的岩石圈地幔顶部是否都有高温的区域则尚待验证。  相似文献   

合肥盆地中生界沉积物物源分析及构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任凤楼 《地质科技情报》2008,27(2):25-33

应用砂岩端元组分、重矿物成分变化等方法对合肥盆地及其南缘的中生界沉积物物源研究表明:合肥盆地大致以六安断裂为界分为南带和北带,其物源有显著差异.北带沉积物主要来源于华北板块,特别是早、中侏罗世,从晚侏罗世到早白垩世,大别造山带大规模的剥露开始,其母岩物质已经完全参与了盆地主体区的沉积;南带中、晚侏罗世沉积的物源来自北淮阳带,但大别造山带也有相当程度的贡献,凤凰台组沉积时期是大别造山带隆升最快、幅度最大的时期.早白垩世盆地的充填物质主要来自大别高压变质岩带,指示其俯冲、折返已经到达地表并持续遭受剥蚀,自中晚侏罗世到早白垩世早期剥蚀程度逐渐加大.从源区看,北带侏罗系样品的源区更接近于被动大陆边缘,南带多为主动大陆边缘.而白垩系样品无论北带还是南带多落入或靠近主动大陆边缘,说明早白垩世滨太平洋构造域已经占主导作用,南北差异减弱,早白垩世早期是南北向区域挤压特提斯构造域向北东向伸展的滨太平洋构造域转换的关键时期.此外值得注意的是中生界少数样品反映了岛弧区背景,许多样品具有混合源区的明显特征.  相似文献   

甘肃玉门马鬃山以北矿区矿坑水合理开发利用探讨     

王佳武  李宁社  韩军  李生永  马富存 《陕西地质》2008,26(2):91-96

甘肃玉门马鬃山以北矿区位于河西走廊以北的残山丘陵及丘间盆地,距玉门市300余公里。这里环境脆弱,荒漠（主要为岩漠）化严重。地表为冲洪积、坡积和风积砂砾石、角砾土、砂及粘性土等,残山和残丘为华力西期侵入岩。侵入岩中储藏铁矿和金矿。这里降水量仅50mm左右;而蒸发量达3000mm以上。这里在矿山开发中将矿坑水任意排放,任其蒸发而损失。笔者在本区工作后认为：应重视地下水的重复利用,其一是将矿坑水排放于废弃矿井中,使用时在抽出;其二是将矿坑水排放于废渣中,做好渗滤层和集水池,上部做好防蒸发装置。  相似文献   

淮河流域大别山地形对梅雨期暴雨低涡影响的模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

苗春生  吴琼  王坚红  李洪利  盛建明 《大气科学学报》2017,40(4):485-495

基于淮河流域梅雨期低涡暴雨落区及低涡移动路径的统计特征,设计WRF数值模拟方案,研究大别山脉对浅薄低涡及其暴雨的地形强迫机制。结果表明:1)在三组数值试验中,无山脉时低涡东移速度较快,北绕山脉路径较慢,翻越山脉的移速居中;无大别山地形时,低涡路径明显偏南,显示低涡具有沿低地移动的特征;大别山地形倒置时,大尺度山体的出现迫使低涡北绕,路径更偏北。2)低涡反气旋式北绕,抵消和减弱了低涡强度;无山脉时,低涡强度由自身系统维持,强于北绕低涡;翻越山脊的低涡经历位涡守恒过程,山后强度几乎成倍增强。3)山脉梯度大,其强迫抬升作用大于低涡系统性抬升,两者叠加造成垂直上升速度增强近1倍。4)山后总涡度增强主要表现为低层涡度平流项、扭转项和散度项的明显增强,其增量可达1倍,但中层因子的影响不显著。5)强降水雨带发生在低涡偏东气流和偏南急流的汇合处,表明淮河流域暴雨低涡北部为强降水预警区。6)山脉通过对低涡东移路径的强迫,进一步影响暴雨强降水带的南北偏移。  相似文献   

江西武功山热穹隆变质--岩浆作用及演化     

王晓颖  曾超  王雪莲  胡立 《安徽地质》2013,(4):244-249

处于扬子与华夏古板块加里东期拼贴带的武功山热穹隆,以造山期变形花岗岩为中心,南华一寒武系遭受绿片岩相一低角闪岩相变质并形成变质矿物分带,环绕岩体分布,与中生代以来伸展形成的脆性断裂系统构成外环,共同组合形成屹立于晚古生代地层分布区的穹隆状构造。在区域递增变质带基础上,造山早期,深部初始重熔岩浆与深埋的变质岩发生交代形成原地型英云闪长质“混染岩浆”,岩浆上浸过程中,活动组分不断作用于围岩,致使围岩的成分、结构构造产生重新调整,形成岩体边缘混合岩。同时,由于硅铝质围岩组分加入,酸度增加,而渐变过渡为花岗闪长质岩浆。造山晚期,进一步演化为岩浆型正常花岗岩,并呈套叠状侵入于早期岩体之中。从早到晚构成同源岩浆演化系列,并发育明显构造应力变形。热穹隆区加里东期形成递进渐增变质一岩体边缘混合一变形花岗岩“三位一体”分布格局。中生代伸展一岩浆作用的复合叠加,进一步强化了热穹隆的构造背景。大致在旱白垩世末基本定型。  相似文献   

大别山区地形降水特征分析     

倪婷  黄勇  凌新锋  黄国贵  李景安 《气象科技》2018,46(3):556-562

利用2012—2014年地面自动站与中国区域CMORPH(Climate Prediction Center Morphing)多卫星降水数据相融合的逐时降水量数据集,分析大别山区的降水时空分布特征。2012—2014年大别山区年平均降水量978.5mm,降水大值区出现在大别山主峰的东南侧,降水主要集中在5—7月,且呈现明显的地形降水特征。从时间变化情况看,降水量呈现单峰的特征,7月降水量最大。从空间分布情况看,大别山及其东部地区是强降水的频发区,出现暴雨日数最多的区域位于主峰及其东侧。降水中心表现出显著的季节变化特征,冬季降水中心位于大别山区的东南部,进入春季以后降水中心向西北方向移动,北抬至大别山主峰北侧,进入秋季(9月以后)以后降水中心逐渐向南回落。大别山区大气环流的季节性变化及其与地形的相互作用是造成大别山区出现明显地形降水(与降水随海拔先增加后减小)和降水季节性变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

Architecture of a Palaeoproterozoic Rift System: Evidence from the Fiery Creek Dome region,Mt Isa terrane     

P. G. Betts  G. S. Lister  K. S. Pound 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):533-554

The Mt Isa Rift Event is a Palaeoproterozoic intracontinental extension event that defines the beginning of sedimentation into the Isa Superbasin in the Western Fold Belt, Mt Isa terrane. In the mildly deformed Fiery Creek Dome region, on the northwest flanks of the Mt Isa Rift, elements of the Mt Isa Rift Event rift architecture are preserved without being intensely overprinted by later deformation. In this region two discrete generations of northwest‐dipping normal faults have been identified. Early generation normal faults were active during the deposition of fluvial and immature conglomerate and sandstone of the Bigie Formation. Renewed rifting and the development of late‐generation normal faults occurred during deposition of shallow‐marine sandstone and siltstone of the lower Gunpowder Creek Formation. Differential uplift between tilt blocks formed an array of spatially and temporally discontinuous synrift unconformities on the crests of uplifted tilt blocks. Applying the domino model yields ～28% crustal extension for the entire Mt Isa Rift Event. Northwest‐striking transverse faults facilitated differential displacement along normal faults and formed boundaries to normal fault segments, creating smaller depositional compartments along half‐graben axes. Three large domes were formed during laccolith emplacement. These domes produced palaeogeographical highs that divided the region into sub‐basins and were a source for the coarse fluvial synrift sequences deposited during the early Mt Isa Rift Event. The basin architecture in the Fiery Creek Dome region is consistent with northwest‐southeast‐directed extension.  相似文献   

Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia     

D. H. Tucker  K. D. Collerson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):387-391

Primary carbonate‐bearing lamprophyric rocks have been recognised in the Walloway Diapir, South Australia. Their petrography and trace‐element geochemistry indicates that they have carbonatitic affinities. The rocks are magnetic and can be detected by ground magnetometer surveys.  相似文献   

New SHRIMP geochronology for the Western Fold Belt of the Mt Isa Inlier: developing a 1800 – 1650 Ma event framework ∗     

N. L. Neumann  P. N. Southgate  G. M. Gibson  A. MCintyre 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):1023-1039

The integration of detrital and magmatic U – Pb zircon SHIRMP geochronology with facies analysis has allowed the development of a chronostratigraphic framework for the Leichhardt and Calvert Superbasins of the Western Fold Belt, Mt Isa Inlier. This new event chart recognises three supersequences in the Leichhardt Superbasin: the Guide, Myally and Quilalar Supersequences. The Guide Supersequence spans the interval ca 1800 – 1785 Ma and includes the Bottletree Formation and the Mt Guide Quartzite. Sequence relationships suggest that this sedimentary package represents an asymmetric second-order cycle, recording a thickened transgressive suite of deposits and a comparatively thin second-order highstand. The overlying Myally Supersequence spans the interval ca 1780 – 1765 Ma and includes the Eastern Creek Volcanics and syndepositional Lena Quartzite, and the Myally Subgroup. This package represents a second-order supersequence cycle in which mafic volcanism was initiated during a phase of east – west extension. Following the cessation of volcanism, transgression led to the deposition of the Alsace Quartzite and deeper water Bortala Formation. An increase in the rate of sediment supply over accommodation resulted in progradation and deposition of the Whitworth Quartzite and redbed playa facies of the Lochness Formation as accommodation closed. The Quilalar Supersequence spans the interval ca 1755 – 1740 Ma. Sequence analysis in the eastern part of the Leichhardt River Fault Trough identifies a transgressive suite of facies at the base of this supersequence. Black shales from the upper part of the transgressive deposits characterise the condensed section for this supersequence. Facies analysis indicates that deposition took place in a series of storm-, tide- and wave-dominated shelfal marine depositional systems. Although there are no new depositional age constraints for the younger Bigie Formation, field relationships suggest that it is coeval with, or immediately preceded, the ca 1710 Ma Fiery magmatic event. Therefore, a separate supersequence is defined for the Bigie Formation, the Big Supersequence, even though it may be more genetically related to the Fiery magmatic event. The Big Supersequence, together with the ca 1690 Ma Prize Supersequence, comprise the Calvert Superbasin. The evolution of the Leichhardt and Calvert Superbasins are temporally and spatially related to magmatism. In particular, the new maximum depositional ages for the Guide and Myally Supersequences refine the age of the Eastern Creek Volcanics to ca 1780 – 1775 Ma. The new age for the Weberra Granite is within error of the age for the Fiery Creek Volcanics, indicating that they are both part of the ca 1710 Ma Fiery event. New ages for the Sybella Granite confirm that magmatism associated with this magmatic event is refined to 1680 – 1670 Ma, and is followed by deposition of the Gun Supersequence. Combining the new geochronological constraints with previous work now provides a detailed stratigraphic event framework between 1800 and 1575 Ma for the Western Fold Belt of the Mt Isa Inlier, and allows detailed comparisons and correlations with the Eastern Fold Belt and other Proterozoic terranes.  相似文献   

The first occurrence of the Paleocene Lygistepollenites balmei Zone in the Eastern Highlands region,New South Wales     

H. A. Martin  L. Worrall  J. Chalson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):359-365

Sub‐basaltic sediments in the Mt Royal Range area, studied with a view to testing models of the evolution of the Eastern Highlands, have yielded a palynoflora ascribed to the Paleocene Lygistepollenites balmei Zone. The palynofloras come from a core sampling sediment which accumulated when a stream was dammed by basalt. This is the first reported occurrence of a definite Paleocene flora in the Eastern Highlands region. Basalt in the vicinity of the core gave a K‐Ar age of 54.1 ± 0.3 Ma. The discrepancy between the pollen age and the K‐Ar date is considered to be relatively minor.  相似文献