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11.
用布置在亚东—格尔木的164个流动地震台站记录的926个远震事件的24241条射线,进行远震P波层析成像处理,高分辨率的西藏高原上地幔的速度结构图,显示了印度巨厚地幔岩石圈在向高原之下推进的过程中,在高喜马拉雅之下拆分成上、下两层,这是发生的第一次拆沉. 下层从高喜马拉雅以下约以22°的角度向高原北部插入到350km 深;而其上层则向北伸展直到雁石坪,并构成了高原薄的地幔岩石圈. 在雁石坪北（33.7°N）,当其与亚洲大陆岩石圈地幔相遇后发生断离并下沉. 再次证实了五道梁（35.27°N）深部低速体的存在,本区内地壳内低速物质可能与上述运动有联系,反映了深层热物质的上涌. 相似文献
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造山后脉岩组合的岩石成因——对岩石圈拆沉作用的约束 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
造山后脉岩组合是在寄主岩基冷却之后形成的，可能是造山带应力场转换的标志。昆仑造山带早中生代末期以及太行山-燕山造山带晚中生代花岗质岩基中广泛出露这种类型的脉岩，可划分为煌斑岩质，玄武质，闪长质，花岗闪长质．花岗质和富硅花岗质等5组。主元素和痕量元素分析表明它们是不同的原生岩浆固结的产物，相互之间不存在重要的分离结晶，同化混染和岩浆混合作用的关系，因而要求软流圈／岩石圈系统不同圈层的源区岩石同时达到部分熔融的条件。结合已有的高温高压实验，区域岩石圈结构和地质事件序列的分析，认为岩石圈拆沉作用是造山后脉岩组合形成的最合理触发机制。简单热模拟表明，软流圈窗顶界埋深达到一定深度时（例如昆仑造山带为82km），可以满足处于不同深度位置的中性麻粒岩，基性榴辉岩和地幔橄榄岩同时发生部分熔融。这时，岩石圈／软流圈系统可以有6～8个产生岩浆的位置。热的软流圈物质快速涌入软流圈窗，不仅触发地幔岩的减压熔融，也可能导致区域构造应力场由挤压转换为伸展，为岩浆的快速侵位创造了条件。所提供的岩石成因模型可以更合理地解释造山后脉岩组合的地质特征，主元素和痕量元素特征，也可以满足同位素体系变异所要求的条件。 相似文献
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胶东半岛早白垩世地壳隆升剥蚀及其动力学意义 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
地壳大规模的隆升剥蚀通常是重大地质事件的响应，是地球动力学研究的重要内容之一。本文总结了胶东半岛中生代燕山期不同阶段的花岗岩侵位和金矿形成深度并以此估算了胶东半岛地壳隆升-剥蚀的厚度。结果表明胶东半岛在中生代旱白垩世140—110Ma期间，地壳隆升-剥蚀厚约7km，而从早白垩末期至今的110Ma以来，地壳隆升一剥蚀厚度不足4km。这表明胶东半岛早白垩世140—110Ma期间曾发生了一次重大地质事件，从而导致了胶东半岛整体快速隆升和剥蚀。该事件与中国东部岩石圈减薄的峰期时限耦合，应是岩石圈减薄的深部动力学过程的浅部响应。隆升-剥蚀的深部过程可能与该区造山加厚地壳的拆沉有关，同时还伴有因古太平洋斜向加速俯冲所引起的地幔上涌共同作用有关。 相似文献
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近20年来,中外学者研究认为,拆沉作用导致大陆岩石圈物质快速下沉入软流圈中,伴随大规模的岩浆作用,山脉隆升、伸展和跨塌作用,最后形成拗陷盆地。原始地壳形成时是玄武质的,然而现今的大陆壳整体成分呈现中性,拆沉作用模式很好地解释了地学中的这一困惑,补充和完善了经典板块理论。通过地球物理测探、地球化学示踪和地质学、岩石学方面提供的证据和一些其它的辅助佐证基本可以判定拆沉作用的存在。 相似文献
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We report here on two distinct processes of deformation affecting graphite in fault zones of the Hidaka metamorphic belt, Hokkaido, Japan. One process involves the micrometer-scale delamination (MMD) in the stacking of graphite, and the other is the nanometer-scale delamination (NMD) in the stacking plus pulverization (P) of carbon sheets to less than 10 nm. Graphite in mylonites mainly glide along the (002) planes, and they exhibit layer separation, kink banding, and bending structures produced by MMD processes, whereas NMD + P processes induce a significant size reduction and amorphization of the graphitic structures in cataclasites, ultracataclasites, and pseudotachylytes. The strain-induced amorphization of graphite, as inferred from XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy, corresponds well with nano-to micro-scale deformation structures observed under the HRTEM, suggesting a systematic increase of edge planes by interlayer delamination and pulverization of carbon sheets. In addition, the carbon isotopic compositions of the graphite in fault rocks have negative δ13C signatures, indicating a sedimentary organic origin; such graphite has a tendency to accumulate within the shear bands. Our data suggest that the graphitic structures record information on both the peak metamorphic temperatures and the deformation processes, and they show the progressive amorphization with increasing brittle deformation. 相似文献
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Regional surface gravity data and global satellite magnetic data have been utilized to generate a preliminary model of the crustal structure along a southwest-northeast profile （Gadra-Fatehpur） through western Rajasthan.The study area represents the western part of the Indian continental landmass which has undergone several major episodes of repeated subduction/collision,plume traces and rifting from Archaean to recent times.The temporal and spatial relationship between the various geotectonic provinces is quite complex,thereby limiting the emergence of a suitable crustal structure model for this region.Exposures of the Malani Igneous Suite （MIS）,a product of bimodal volcanism （～780 Ma）,and considered to be the third largest felsic magmatic province of the world,is evident along the profile and also to the southwest of the study area.The easternmost part of the profile is close to the DAFB （Delhi Aravalli Fold Belt）,a Proterozoic orogenic belt.This study probes the geometry of the different crustal units in terms of density and susceptibility variations in order to decipher the imprints of the major tectonic processes the region has undergone.In order to decipher the crustal geometry of the Gadra-Fatehpur profile,two NW-SE gravity and magnetic profile vertical sections （A-A＇ in the south and B-B＇ in the north） are modelled on the basis of the constraints provided from previous seismic models.The crustal model of the Gadra-Fatehpur profile is composed of alluvium,Tertiary sediments,MIS,Marwar Supergroup,low-density layers （LDLs） and the middle-lower crustal layers,with a distinct change in configuration from the southwest to northeast.The Moho dips from SW to NE,the MIS in the SW gives way to the thick pile of the Marwar Supergroup to the NE.The evolution of MIS has been suggested to have occurred as a consequence of delamination of the upper mantle.LDLs are incorporated in Gadra-Fatehpur model.In the SW,LDL （2550 kg/m3） lies below the MIS in the NE,another LDL （2604 kg/m3） is depicted below the mid-crustal layer. 相似文献
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白垩-古近纪为华北克拉通东部断陷盆地的形成时期,通过运用盆地分析技术,本次工作得到了这一时期各盆地的各阶段构造沉降曲线及相应的构造沉降量和沉降速率。构造沉降分析表明,华北克拉通东部白垩-古近纪盆地的最强构造沉降峰期为古新世(孔店期),次构造沉降峰期为早白垩世早期(莱阳期)。其中早白垩世早期为华北克拉通东部、南部盆地的最强构造沉降峰期,古新世为克拉通内部渤海湾盆地区的最强构造沉降峰期,而其它时期盆地的构造沉降特征表现为构造沉降峰期前后的弱沉降过渡阶段。结合盆地的分布规律,盆地的主要构造沉降中心在白垩纪集中在华北克拉通的南缘和北缘,而在古近纪则迁移到克拉通内部渤海湾地区,即由华北克拉通边缘向内部迁移。伸展期盆地的演化经历了宽裂谷(莱阳期)→窄裂谷(大盛期)→宽裂谷(孔店期)→窄裂谷(东营期)的循环演化模式,揭示了岩石圈的温度和强度的变化。而这种构造沉降的时空变化更支持华北克拉通破坏以拆沉机制为主。 相似文献
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Juan-Luis Valera Ana-María Negredo Antonio Villaseñor 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(8):1683-1706
Convective removal and mantle delamination are geodynamical mechanisms proposed to explain the presence of extension in the
Alboran Sea within a regional context of compression. Using a new thermo-mechanical algorithm, we present here a quantitative
evaluation and comparison of conceptual models based on these geodynamical mechanisms. In contrast to the in situ convective removal process, the laterally propagating delamination mechanism is shown here to be consistent with first-order
features of the Alboran Sea such as the thinning/thickening distribution, intermediate-depth seismicity and upper mantle structure
imaged by seismic tomography. The lower crust is predicted to reach depths of 100–150 km in some areas, due to mechanically-driven
viscous drag of the downwelling mantle. 相似文献
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依据穿过巴颜喀拉地块的北部、秦岭地块、祁连地块、海原弧形构造区和鄂尔多斯地块的玛沁-兰州-靖边人工地震剖面的P波、S波的速度结构和泊松比结构,对青藏高原东北缘的地壳组成进行研究,并探讨其动力学过程. 首先,系统地归纳总结出一套将地震测深得到的原位P波速度校正到实验室温压条件下波速的具体可行的方法,利用大地热流值求取地壳不同深度的温度是该方法的关键. 然后,将上述剖面的原位P波速度校正到600 MPa和室温条件下,结合泊松比与相同温压条件下的实验室岩石波速测量结果进行对比,确定研究区的岩性组成. 结果表明,青藏高原东北缘地壳平均P波校正波速为6.43 km/s,地壳整体像上地壳一样呈酸性. 巴颜喀拉地块和秦岭地块南部的下地壳底部缺失校正速度Vp>6.9 km/s的基性岩,下地壳中酸性互层,下地壳整体呈酸性. 其他地块下地壳底部有2～10 km厚的校正速度Vp>6.9 km/s的基性岩,下地壳整体呈中性. 最后,根据青藏高原东北缘地壳结构和组成的研究成果,支持地壳增厚主要发生在下地壳的观点;提出巴颜喀拉地块和秦岭地块南部曾发生过下地壳拆沉作用,并导致高原的加速隆升. 相似文献