城市给排水管道检测新技术     

祝赫  郑洪标 《岩土钻凿工程》2014,(2):140-144

随着城市年龄的增加和地下管道的老化,我国各大城市给排水管道爆裂事故频发,给城镇居民的正常生活带来了严重干扰。武汉暴雨后,“到武汉来看海”一时成网络流行语,这更使江城排水系统的尴尬显露无疑,造成社会影响是不言而喻的。本技术在软硬件方面进行大胆创新,关键技术在于：将传统管道摄像系统和GIS技术、物联网技术巧妙的结合在一起,实现数字管道的思维,开发出三套适用于给排水管道检测的功能软件,适应于用户要求。设备技术出于国内一流,还具有环保节能的特点,可以提高经济效益。  相似文献   

云南普者黑成景水文地质条件及岩溶特征     

马铭嘉  张兵  赵晶晶  殷桂仙  越圆 《云南地质》2010,29(1):74-78

认为普者黑景区具有独特的亚热带高原岩溶地貌特征,指出持久保存、保护普者黑岩溶水文系统必须遵循的原则。  相似文献   

河北省宽城县遵(化)小(寺沟)铁路某滑坡治理措施研究     

彭永良  郭得令  胡卸文  伊晓娟  顾成壮 《工程地质学报》2011,19(2):271-276

河北省宽城县遵(化)小(寺沟)铁路穿越一个体积约77104m3的古滑坡体,因在滑坡前缘以路堑方式穿过,开挖施工导致古滑坡复活。为保障未来铁路的运营安全,需要对其进行彻底治理。在现场地质调查及试验,以及分别对沿复活滑坡体新滑面和古滑面在不同工况下的稳定性计算的基础上,结合复活滑坡体的具体特征,提出2种治理方案,即抗滑桩方案和削方+抗滑桩+桩间挡土墙方案。通过综合比选确定后者为采用方案,并具体进行了削方、抗滑桩、截排水系统和坡面防护等设计。  相似文献   

Importance of habitat structure as a determinant of the taxonomic and functional composition of lentic macroinvertebrate assemblages     

Ralf C.M. VerdonschotPiet F.M. Verdonschot 《Limnologica》2012,42(1):31-42

Variation in habitat structure provided by macrophytes is regarded as one of the determinants of macroinvertebrate species composition in lentic ecosystems, but mechanisms underlying this relationship appear to be confounded with site-specific factors, such as physicochemical factors, epiphyton and composition of the vegetation. To better understand the relationship between structural complexity of a macrophyte stand and its macroinvertebrate assemblage composition, it is essential to determine the ecological role of different components of habitat structure for the phytomacrofauna. Using artificial structures as macrophyte mimics, representing three growth forms (stems, broad-leaved, finely dissected) and three structure surface areas (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 m²), a full factorial field experiment was conducted in a series of drainage ditches. We investigated if macroinvertebrate assemblages colonizing the structures were affected by an increase in macrophyte structure surface area, structural complexity, or by a combination of both, and if the observed patterns were consistent among sites differing in physicochemical and habitat characteristics. Assemblages were characterized both in terms of taxonomic and functional composition, because we expected that non-taxonomic aggregation of species into functional categories would give a different insight in habitat complexity-macroinvertebrate relationships in comparison to approaches based on the taxonomic assemblage composition. Ditch intrinsic factors, in part reflected in the periphyton on the structures, explained the major proportion of the variance in both the taxonomical macroinvertebrate assemblages and functional groups among structures. Contrary to our expectation, patterns in the taxon-based and functional dataset resembled each other. Only a minor contribution of growth form to the explained variance was observed in the taxonomical dataset, whilst differences in functional composition were unrelated to habitat structure. In conclusion, processes operating on larger spatial scales overrode the micro-scale effects of habitat structural complexity and surface area on macroinvertebrates.  相似文献   

A diagnosis of sub-surface water table dynamics in low hydraulic conductivity soils in the sugar cane fields of Pongola,South Africa     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

Water and land are the two natural resources restraining crop production in South Africa. With the increasing demand for food, emphasis has shifted from the sole reliance on rain fed crop production, to irrigation. The deterioration in irrigation water quality from surface water sources is, however, posing a big challenge to the sustainability of irrigated crop production. This is because more water is required for leaching, resulting in shallow water tables in agricultural lands. The installation of well designed subsurface drainage systems alone is not enough; the provision of timely maintenance is also necessary. In this study, the extent and severity of problems as a consequence of shallow water tables and their possible causes were investigated at three sugarcane fields in Pongola, South Africa, having low hydraulic conductivity soils. Also investigated were soil salinity levels and the temporal variation in the salinity of the irrigation water. A water table map of a 32 ha sugarcane field was generated, using observed water table depth (WTD) data from 36 piezometers monitored from September 2011 to February 2012. Out of the total 32 ha under cultivation, 12% was found to be affected by shallow WTDs of less than the 1.0 m design WTD. The inability of natural drainage to cope with subsurface drainage needs and the poor maintenance of subsurface drainage systems contributed to the shallow water tables in the area. Furthermore, the currently adopted drainage design criteria also proved unsatisfactory with mean observed water table depth and drainage discharge (DD) of 20% and 50%, respectively, less than their respective design levels. The salinity of the irrigation water was, on average, 32% higher than threshold tolerance level of sugarcane. The root zone soil salinity levels at the three study sites were greater than the 1.7 dS m⁻¹ threshold for sugar cane. The subsurface drainage design criteria adopted at the site needs to be revisited by ensuring that the slope of the land is taken into consideration in the drainage design in addition to adhering to a recommended maintenance schedule.  相似文献   

Hydrological effects of within-catchment heterogeneity of drainage density     

《Advances in water resources》2015

Local drainage density (dd) has been traditionally defined as the inverse of twice the distance one has to walk before encountering a channel. This formalization easily allows to derive raster-based maps of dd extracted straight off from digital elevation model data. Maps of local dd, which are continuous in space, are able to reveal the appearance of strong heterogeneities in the geological and geomorphological properties of natural landscapes across different scales. In this work we employ the information provided by these spatial maps to study the potential effects of the within-catchment variability of dd on the hydrologic response. A simple power law relationship between runoff yield at the local scale and the value of dd has been adopted; the hypothesis is supported by a large number of past empirical observations and modeling. The novel framework proposed (ddRWF) embeds this spatially variable runoff weight in the well-known Rescaled Width Function (RWF) framework, based on the more general geomorphological theory of the hydrologic response. The model is applied to four sub-basins in the Cascade Range Region (Oregon, USA) where strong contrasts in dissection patterns due the underlain geology have been broadly addressed in previous literature. The ddRWF approach is compared with the classic RWF in terms of shape, moments and peak of the simulated hydrograph response. Results hint that the variability of runoff yield due to the heterogeneity of dd (i.e. of hillslope lengths) determines a more rapid concentration of runoff, which implies shorter lag times, larger skewness and higher peak floods, especially in the case hillslope velocity is much smaller than channel velocity. The potential of the proposed framework relies on accounting for spatially variable losses related to geomorphologic heterogeneity in lumped rainfall–runoff models, still keeping the simple and robust structure of the IUH approach.  相似文献   

Neotectonic evolution of the northern Laborec drainage basin (northeastern part of Slovakia)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rastislav Vojtko  L'ubomír PetroAlexandra Benová  Ján BónaJozef Hók 《Geomorphology》2012,138(1):276-294

This study investigates the influence of neotectonic activity on river and basin patterns in a mountainous area located in the northeastern part of the Carpathian Belt (the Laborecká vrchovina and Bukovské vrchy Mts. in eastern Slovakia). This area evolved within the accretionary wedge of the Carpathians during the Neogene, and it was alsowas affected by Middle to Late Miocene thrusting of the External Carpathians. Morphometric analysis, longitudinal and transverse river valley profiles, analysis of basin and valley symmetries, and investigation of alluvial terraces were carried out on the northern Laborec River and its tributaries. This was done to detect a possible relationship between their river courses and any ongoing neotectonic activity, which is otherwise difficult to detect by methods of structural geology because of the poorly exposed area.The general topography of the basin is characterized by a stepwise inclination to the SW as a result of differential uplift and subsidence. The reorganization of the river network in the Laborec drainage basin was influenced by tectonic activity along the NE-SW up to N-S fault structures during the neotectonic phase (Pliocene-Quaternary). The movement along these fault structures is predominantly normal to transtensive. The obtained data assumes that the region is under approximately NE-SW oriented S_H compression and NW-SE trending S_h tension. The Laborec drainage basin is characterized by a very high degree of asymmetry that sharply increases from the upper to the lower courses of the river. The right-bank tributaries of the Laborec River are < 12 km in length; however, the left-bank tributaries such as Vydraňka, Ol'šava, Výrava, Udava, and Cirocha Streams are up to 50 km long with a high potential of headward erosion and capturing. The valley asymmetry is also very variable in the upper and lower portions of the basin. Based on these presented results, the ancient river thalweg was located along the axis of the Hostovice-Habura depression, and it was captured by the Ol'šava, Výrava, and Udava Streams. The asymmetric pattern of the drainage basin is the result of active tectonics, the continual subsidence of the Transcarpathian Basin, and by the uplift of the Laborecká vrchovina and Bukovské vrchy Mts. These events caused rejuvenation of the headward erosion of streams in the southern part. Favorable lithology was also essential in the process of river capture.  相似文献   

Bioremediation of sulphate rich mine effluents using grass cuttings and rumen fluid microorganisms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harma A. Greben  Jacobin Baloyi  Julia Sigama  Stephanus N. Venter 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009,100(2-3):163-168

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) needs to be treated before it can be re-used or discharged in receiving water bodies due to the low pH, high salinity and high sulphate concentrations of the water. Several treatment methods are currently applied including chemical treatment (e.g. neutralisation of the low pH waters), physical treatment (e.g. reverse osmosis) and biological treatment to reduce the high sulphate concentration. When treating AMD biologically, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) reduce sulphate to sulphide, provided that a suitable and cost effective carbon and energy source is present. In the present study mine water was remediated biologically, using the degradation products of grass-cellulose, as carbon and energy sources for the sulphate reducing bacteria. A laboratory scale one stage anaerobic bioreactor (20 L volume) containing grass cuttings and biomass consisting of rumen fluid microorganisms and immobilized SRB, was initially fed with synthetic sulphate rich water and later with diluted AMD. The results indicated an average of 86% sulphate removal efficiency when feeding synthetic sulphate rich feed water to the reactor. When feeding diluted AMD, the highest sulphate removal efficiency was 78%. The sulphate removal was dependant on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations in the reactor. Increased COD concentrations were obtained when fresh grass was added to the reactor on a regular basis. Metal removal, especially iron, was observed due to the metal sulphide precipitates formed during biological sulphate removal.  相似文献   

Modelling soil water dynamics in a forest ecosystem. II: Evaluation of spatial variation of soil profiles     

W. Bouten  J. V. Witter 《水文研究》1992,6(4):445-454

  相似文献   

滑坡地下水作用研究与防治工程实践   总被引：29，自引：3，他引：29  

张作辰 《工程地质学报》1996,4(4):80-85

本文从滑坡研究的现状出发, 结合滑坡防治工程的实践, 强调了滑坡地下水作用研究的重要性, 并就滑坡地下水研究所面临的主要问题对当前主要研究方向提出了建议。  相似文献