Introductory perspective on the COREF Project     

Yasufumi  Iryu  Hiroki  Matsuda  Hideaki  Machiyama  Werner E.  Piller  Terrence M.  Quinn  Maria  Mutti 《Island Arc》2006,15(4):393-406

Abstract Coral reefs are tropic to subtropic, coastal ecosystems comprising very diverse organisms. Late Quaternary reef deposits are fossil archives of environmental, tectonic and eustatic variations that can be used to reconstruct the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic history of the tropic surface oceans. Reefs located at the latitudinal limits of coral‐reef ecosystems (i.e. those at coral‐reef fronts) are particularly sensitive to environmental changes – especially those associated with glacial–interglacial changes in climate and sealevel. We propose a land and ocean scientific drilling campaign in the Ryukyu Islands (the Ryukyus) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean to investigate the dynamic response of the corals and coral‐reef ecosystems in this region to Late Quaternary climate and sealevel change. Such a drilling campaign, which we call the COREF (coral‐reef front) Project, will allow the following three major questions to be evaluated: (i) What are the nature, magnitude and driving mechanisms of coral‐reef front migration in the Ryukyus? (ii) What is the ecosystem response of coral reefs in the Ryukyus to Quaternary climate changes? (iii) What is the role of coral reefs in the global carbon cycle? Subsidiary objectives include (i) the timing of coral‐reef initiation in the Ryukyus and its causes; (ii) the position of the Kuroshio current during glacial periods and its effects on coral‐reef formation; and (iii) early carbonate diagenetic responses as a function of compounded variations in climate, eustacy and depositional mineralogies (subtropic aragonitic to warm‐temperate calcitic). The geographic, climatic and oceanographic settings of the Ryukyu Islands provide an ideal natural laboratory to address each of these research questions.  相似文献   

长距离深埋管线的探测效果   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张汉春  黄昀鹏 《物探与化探》2006,30(4):366-369,373

介绍了水平定向钻在地下管线施工方面的应用状况;分析了不同埋深直线电流一次电磁场H_x、H_z的归一化异常的分布特征,以及确定地下金属管线的理论依据;提出了对深埋>3m的地下管线探测时应采用的频率、电流、远端接地等提高信噪比的技术对策,及利用水平磁场分量70%法确定管线深度的适用条件;列举了3个长距离、深度>10m过江深埋管线的探测实例,说明方法的有效性。  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探主孔揭示的大陆地壳生热模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何丽娟胡圣标  杨文采汪集旸杨树春  袁玉松程振炎 《岩石学报》2006,22(11):2808-2814

本文对大陆科学钻探主孔149块岩心样品进行了系统的岩石放射性生热元素 U、Th 和 K 的含量测试,同时结合该井浅部井段前人的实测数据,揭示了上地壳5km 生热率的垂向分布。结果显示,以1650m 为界,上下两段生热率均随深度呈增加趋势,与正常地壳生热率特征不同,显示出超高压变质带独特的生热率垂向变化特征。结合地壳的岩性分布,建立了苏鲁超高压变质带地壳的生热模型。该模型中,地壳厚32km,其中上地壳0～10km,由超高压变质岩片组成,按岩性又详细分为8层,生热率变化在0.49～1.73μWm~(-3)。中地壳10～20km,由片麻岩组成,生热率为生热率1.51μWm~(-3)。下地壳20～32km为麻粒岩,生热率0.31μWm~(-3)。整个地壳热流约31mw/m~2,其中上地壳12mW/m~2。上地壳厚度和热流分别占整个地壳的31%和39%。与华北和下扬子地壳生热模型相比,上地壳热流整个地壳热流的比例最低。这表明,苏鲁超高压变质带,作为中朝与扬子板块俯冲-碰撞的产物,其地壳生率垂向分布与正常大陆地壳(华北、下扬子)相比,具有显著的不同。  相似文献   

东海地区超高压石榴橄榄岩超微构造特征——快速折返的新证据     

刘祥文  金振民 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1810-1816

利用透射电子显微镜对中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔超高压石榴橄榄岩中石榴石、橄榄石及透辉石的超微构造特征进行了详细研究。石榴石、橄榄石及透辉石中的大部分区域都没有位错,在局部区域发育高密度位错及位错壁。石榴石局部区域的位错密度达到1．34×109／cm2以上,滑移系以1／2<111>{110}为主。在石榴石中发现一部分熔融条带,条带由熔体和磁铁矿球粒构成,在附近的石榴石基体中有高密度的小位错圈。橄榄石局部区域的位错密度达到2．64×108／cm2以上,并发育杆状钛铁矿和含铬钛磁铁矿出溶体。透辉石局部区域发育有位错壁,在部分位错壁部位形成了微裂隙。透辉石内部存在类“多边化”区域,不同区域之间存在小角度差。分析认为该石榴橄榄岩加入俯冲板片之后,在超高压变质峰期及早期快速折返阶段发生了较强的塑性变形,在石榴石、橄榄石及透辉石中形成了高密度的位错、位错壁及亚颗粒。在折返过程中,该石榴橄榄岩曾经发生了减压部分熔融和静态重结晶,导致石榴石、橄榄石及透辉石中大部分区域的位错消失。石榴石中部分熔融条带得以保存,表明在发生减压部分熔融和静态重结晶之后所经历的折返过程非常迅速,具有很高的抬升速率及降温速率。  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）UHP岩石石英脉中磷灰石团块独居石出溶物的U-Th-Pb化学定年     

汤倩  孙晓明  徐莉  翟伟  梁金龙  梁业恒  沈昆 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1927-1932

CCSD主孔榴辉岩等UHP岩石石英脉中存在团块状到不规则脉体状的磷灰石集合体,显微镜下观察发现其中存在四种出溶物:磁铁矿和赤铁矿的连生体、赤铁矿、独居石和锶重晶石;出溶物的长轴和生长方向均基本平行于磷灰石之C轴,显示它们可能是基本同时出溶的。其中独居石出溶体多为菱形到板状自形晶体,宽约6—10μm,长约50～75μm。运用CHIME化学定年方法对CCSD磷灰石团块中的独居石出溶物进行了年代学研究,获得其Th-Pb等时线年龄为202±28．3Ma,表明磷灰石团块形成于榴辉岩在折返过程中的重结晶和退变质,时代为晚三叠世。该年龄可能也代表了CCSD中UHP岩石中包裹磷灰石团块的石英脉的形成时代。  相似文献   

Academician G. Bogomolov (1905–1981)     

E. Zaltsberg  M. Chaban 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(7):1377-1379

  相似文献   

Paleoceanographic Setting and Preservation of Buried Manganese Deposits in DSDP/ODP Cores     

Takashi Ito  Kosei Komuro 《Resource Geology》2006,56(4):457-470

Abstract. The occurrence, lithology, and stratigraphic setting of buried manganese deposits and associated host sediments in cores obtained on Legs 123–210 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) are examined in order to establish the formative environment and conditions of preservation. Fossil manganese nodule and crusts are found to have formed or deposited throughout the period from 100 Ma to the present, with an additional example of formation near 137 Ma, suggesting that the deep-sea environment has been oxic and suitable for the formation of manganese nodules and crusts since the Cretaceous. Many manganese nodules and crusts occur on horizons corresponding to hiatuses in sedimentation or periods of slow sedimentation, consistent with the environment in which modern nodules form (sedimentation rate less than 10 m/m.y.). Sediments overlying the fossil nodules and crusts are oozes or biogenic sediments with sedimentation rates of 1–18 m/m.y. Low total organic carbon (<0.1 wt%) in the overlying sediments and high sulfate content (>25 mM) in interstitial water around the manganese horizon suggest that no strong reduction occurred within the overlying sediments. Coverage by biogenic sediments containing only small amounts of organic matter is therefore considered important for the preservation of manganese nodules and crusts. Manganese carbonate occurs sporadically as nodules, concretions or thin layers in various host sediments, including clay, calcareous ooze and siliceous ooze with sedimentation rates of 6–125 m/m.y. Hiatuses are rare around the host sediments of manganese carbonate. Higher total organic carbon (0.2–1.8 wt%) in the host sediments and lower sulfate content (0–25 mM) in interstitial water around the manganese carbonate horizon suggest that reduction in association with decomposition of organic matter would have proceeded in the host sediments.  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔100～2 000 m 岩心自然伽马测量及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈世忠  杨经绥  张泽明  刘福来  李天福  邱海峻牛一雄王文先徐海军 《中国地质》2005,32(2):239-248

中国大陆科学钻探工程使用石油大学研制的岩心地面伽马测量仪对主孔2000m岩心进行了连续测量，并记录峰、谷的伽马值及其对应的岩性、构造和矿化等特征。通过系统测量，建立了主孔2000m自然伽马值剖面，发现榴辉岩具有较低的伽马值，并从榴辉岩→角闪岩→花岗片麻岩，伽马值逐渐增大。伽马值与变质岩的岩性具有明显的对应关系。并从放射性元素U、Th和K含量的角度来看岩石中放射性元素的变化规律，探讨这些元素变化的成因，指出变质基(中)性岩原岩反映的岩浆岩成因，不同于变质泥质沉积岩；岩石高Th／U比值与岩石曾经经历了近地表环境有关。主孔深变质岩自然伽马测量的系统研究对主孔岩心深度归位、探讨岩石成因和区域岩石圈热状态和大地构造演化具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探工程网络拓扑结构与管理信息系统简介   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

苏德辰  孙爱萍郑 兴 王 维杨振坤  郭力明 《中国地质》2005,32(2):336-341

笔者简要介绍了中国大陆科学钻探工程在北京和江苏省东海县钻井现场3个局域网的需求分析、网络拓扑结构及互联方案，并以中国大陆科学钻探工程信息系统为例，给出了一个基于C／S和B／S混合结构的管理信息系统的集成方案，总结了该工程中网络建设与维护的相关经验。  相似文献   

Refined Early to Middle Miocene diatom biochronology for the middle- to high-latitude North Pacific     

Mahito  Watanabe  Yukio  Yanagisawa 《Island Arc》2005,14(2):91-101

Abstract   Refined numerical ages of the diatom biohorizons of the Early to Middle Miocene (11–18 Ma) period in the Neogene North Pacific are presented based on the direct correlation between biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy at Site 887 on the Patton–Murray Seamount in the northeastern Pacific. Sampling intervals of 0.02–0.04 my allowed the determination of the ages of the biohorizons to be more precise than previous studies. The secondary biohorizons established in the northwestern Pacific have been proven to be useful also in the northeastern Pacific, and are linked to magnetostratigraphy directly for the first time. The refined diatom biochronology established in this study will provide a vital basis for the study of the Neogene marine sediments of the middle- to high-latitude North Pacific, which rarely yield calcareous microfossils. Denticulopsis praedimorpha var. prima n. var. is described.  相似文献