Humic Acid and Iron Chelation Modified Anode Improves the Electrochemical Performance of Marine Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell     

FU Yubin  CHEN Jiaqi  CHEN Yan  HUANG Xiang  LI Yang  ZHANG Huaijing  ZAI Xuerong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):388-394

Marine sediment microbial fuel cell(MSMFCs)can be utilized as a long lasting power source to drive small instruments to work for long time on ocean floor and its higher power has a significant meaning for practical application.Anode modification can greatly improve the performance of MSMFCs.Herein,humic acid(HA)and humic acid-iron ion complex(HA-Fe)were used to modify the anode for constructing a better MSMFCs.The results indicated that HA-Fe modified anode,better than HA modification,significantly improved the MSMFCs cell power output.The maximum power density of HA-Fe modified MSMFCs is 165.3 mW m?2,which are 6.5-folds of blank MSMFCs.The number of microorganisms on anode,redox activity,and relative kinetic activity were 1.8-,6.1-,and 13.1-folds of blank MSMFCs,respectively.The MSMFCs improvement would be attributed to the electron transfer media of HA and the valence conversion of Fe ions.A synergistic interaction between the naturally occurring HA and Fe ions on the anodic surface in marine sediments would make the modified anodes have‘renewable’characteristics,which is beneficial for the MSMFCs to maintain its long-term higher power.  相似文献   

ESR/U-series chronology of the Neanderthal occupation layers at Galería de las Estatuas (Sierra de Atapuerca,Spain)     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The Galería de las Estatuas is a Mousterian site located within the Cueva Mayor-Cueva del Silo karstic system at the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). This site is characterised by an important Upper Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence in which a large number of lithic artefacts exhibiting clear Mousterian affinities and a rich assemblage of faunal remains have been found.Additionally, this site has yielded a foot phalanx of a clear Neanderthal affinities and its sediment has yielded Neanderthal mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.Two test pits, GE-I and GE-II, have been excavated since 2008 which have been divided in 5 and 2 lithostratigraphical units, respectively. A minimum age of 45 ka cal BP for this site was obtained by radiocarbon dating in GE-II. This chronology was refined using single-grain Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL: 80–112 ka in GE-I and 70–79 ka in GE-II) and single-grain thermally transferred OSL (TT-OSL). Although in all case TT-OSL ages were systematically older than their single-grain counterparts. The detrital sequence is sealed by a flowstone whose base is dated to 53.7 ± 3.5 ka cal BP using U-series dating.In order to better constrain the age of this site, nine herbivorous teeth were collected from the whole sedimentary sequence to be dated by the ESR/U-series dating method though only seven provided modelled ages. Six of them were collected from levels 2 to 5 of the GE-I test pit while the last tooth was taken from level 2 of the GE-II test pit. Our results, ranging between 80 and 110 ka, are in agreement with those obtained by single grain TT-OSL and suggest that the sedimentological levels containing Mousterian lithic artefacts and faunal and human remains began to be deposited during the second part of the MIS5. These results fill a temporal gap in the chronology of the Atapuerca sites for which no contemporary MIS5 date was obtained until recently.  相似文献   

敦煌盆地五墩凹陷侏罗系层序地层格架与沉积体系分布     

董艳蕾  朱筱敏  韦敏鹏  李顺利  赵瑞星  贾天鹏  关维锋  张亚雄 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):177-189

敦煌盆地是一个处于石油勘探早期阶段的中生代的断陷盆地,油气资源勘探潜力较大,搭建层序地层格架、阐明沉积体系分布是发现油气资源的基础。本文利用露头、钻测井、岩心和地震资料,综合考虑构造演化、物源体系、岩心特征等多种因素,明确了敦煌盆地五墩凹陷侏罗系沉积相类型及分布规律。研究表明,本次研究的主要目的层中下侏罗统可以划分为2个三级层序,SQI大致对应于下侏罗统大山口组,SQII对应于中侏罗统中间沟组一段。边界断裂的活动形成了箕状断陷结构,使得凹陷的古地形具有南部陡、北部缓的分异特点,充填地层具有南厚北薄的分布特征。敦煌盆地沉积物主要来自北山、阿尔金—祁连山和三危山,五墩凹陷的沉积物来自于北部、南部和东部物源。五墩凹陷中下侏罗统发育辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲和湖泊等3种沉积相类型。该区的两口探井(西参1井和墩1井)在中下侏罗统均只钻遇辫状河三角洲前缘亚相;扇三角洲无井钻遇,但是可以通过露头和地震资料识别出来;湖相沉积可以分为滨浅湖及湖底扇两种亚相,滨浅湖亚相主要发育湖泥和滩坝两种微相,湖底扇亚相发育砂质碎屑舌状体和泥质碎屑舌状体两种微相。五墩凹陷沉积体系和砂体分布规律主要受构造背景和物源的双重控制。北部及北东部受北山和北东部长轴方向物源影响形成辫状河三角洲,南部受三危山物源影响形成扇三角洲沉积,凹陷中央为滨浅湖沉积。  相似文献   

三氯乙烯污染土壤的复电阻率特征和频谱参数研究     

张振宇  许伟伟  邓亚平  任静华  施小清  吴吉春 《地学前缘》2021,28(5):114-124

复电阻率法(complex resistivity, CR)由于其对孔隙水化学性质、固-液界面和流体含量的敏感性已成为具有良好前景的污染物识别工具。本研究选取三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene, TCE)作为典型有机污染物,利用频谱激电仪对TCE污染土壤进行了复电阻率测量,讨论孔隙水盐度、水饱和度和土壤类型对污染土壤的复电阻率特征和频谱参数影响。试验结果表明:污染土样的复电阻率均随水饱和度的降低和孔隙水盐度的减小而增大;土壤黏土含量影响孔隙水连续性,当孔隙水出现不连续状态时,实部和虚部出现大幅度变化。总充电率M随着孔隙水盐度的增加而增加,随水饱和度的降低先减后增。黏土颗粒重排导致的比表面积减小使得总充电率M减小,双电层极化加强使总充电率M升高;平均弛豫时间常数随孔隙水盐度的升高而降低,二者呈对数相关,随水饱和度变化的主要原因为可极化孔隙尺寸的变化。本研究探讨了地球物理参数与水文地质参数间的关系,为SIP方法在实际有机污染场地调查与评估提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

逆作法在复杂环境深基坑工程中的应用研究     

颜立明 《岩土工程技术》2021,(2):99-102,115

以上海市中心某深基坑工程为例,阐述了逆作法施工技术在施工场地狭窄、周边建筑密集的深基坑工程应用中的质量控制要点。实践显示,逆作法有效地解决了施工场地狭窄和工期紧张问题,保证了基坑及周边建筑群的安全,可在类似深基坑工程中推广应用。  相似文献   

基于静稳天气下气球探空实验的中国沙漠地区沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布（英文）          下载免费PDF全文

HABIB Ammara  CHEN Bin  SHI Guangyu  IWASAKA Yasunobu  NATH Debashis  KHALID Bushra  TAN Saichun  MAHMOOD Tariq  JIAO Reguang  NTWALI Didier 《大气和海洋科学快报》2019,(1):12-20

塔克拉玛干沙漠是亚洲沙尘气溶胶的重要源地。为探讨塔克拉玛干地区沙尘气溶胶的理化特性与时空变化,研究其环境与气候效应,本文分析了四个季节在中国敦煌(塔克拉玛干沙漠内)取得的探空气球观测数据,包括气溶胶的数浓度、粒径分布、质量浓度及在西风主导下的水平输送通量。气溶胶数浓度的垂直廓线显示,来自沙漠地区的矿物粒子对局地环境与气候有重要影响,且所有季节都存在长距离输送。粒子谱分布显示局地有大量粗粒子输入。结果说明,源于塔克拉玛干沙漠的沙尘气溶胶的背景输送有着重要的科学意义,需进一步研究其对东亚和西太平洋地区环境与气候的影响。  相似文献   

中祁连西段石板墩堆晶岩的地球化学特征及构造意义     

马蓁  刘铮  刘懿馨  王金荣 《现代地质》2018,32(4):667

石板墩堆晶岩位于中祁连地块西段党河断裂带北侧,主要由橄榄岩、蛇纹石化橄辉岩和辉长岩组成,具有多旋回、多韵律层的产出特征。辉长岩LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年龄为(4865 ± 33) Ma。岩石地球化学结果显示,蛇纹石化橄辉岩和辉长岩配分型式十分相似,具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素、LREE相对富集、HREE平坦型分布以及正Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=097~304)的特点。研究结果表明,蛇纹石化橄辉岩、辉长岩为同源岩浆作用的产物,源区为被俯冲流体交代过的软流圈地幔,形成于火山弧环境,是在岩浆作用过程中不断发生堆晶作用,并在堆晶之后再次泵入混合大量新的玄武岩浆反复进行所形成。结合区域大地构造背景,认为中祁连西段是早古生代早期在残留的微陆块基础上形成的一个火山弧增生杂岩地体。  相似文献   

Formation Time of the Kalaqin Metamorphic Core Complex: Constraints from Zircon DatingEI北大核心CSCD     

Lin S.  Xie C.  Xiang B.  Zhao T. 《大地构造与成矿学》2018,(3):570-586

The Kalaqin metamorphic core complex, located on the northern margin of the Yanshan Tectonic Belt, is an important structure to understand the Late Mesozoic destruction processes of the North China Craton. In this study, structural analysis and geochronological investigation were conducted for the Anjiayingzi pluton and associated granodiorite dikes that intruded the core complex. Field observations demonstrated that emplacement of the pluton and dikes took place after the early stage extensional deformation, and intrusions are products of syn-tectonic magmatism during the late stage extension deformation. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded ages of 133-131 Ma for the Anjiayingzi pluton and 135 Ma for the dike, which demonstrated that the early extensional deformation took place at 156-135 Ma, rather than the Early Cretaceous as proposed previously. By integrating with other dating results, the early extensional deformation occurred at 156-150 Ma (Late Jurassic) and led to the exhumation of the core complex. The core complex was overprinted by a late extension in the Early Cretaceous. The revision of formation time for the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex further confirms that the extensional deformation took place in the Late Jurassic in the Yanshan tectonic belt, and therefore, it is likely that the northern margin of the North China Craton might have destructed since the Late Jurassic. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.  相似文献   

北部湾盆地演化及局部构造成因机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李才  杨希冰  范彩伟  胡林  代龙  赵顺兰 《地质学报》2018,92(10):2028-2039

为解决北部湾盆地区域构造演化及成因机制研究不足,局部构造认识存在差异等问题。文中利用二维、三维地震,结合重力、钻井等资料,阐明了北部湾盆地构造演化过程,明确了典型构造发育的成因机制。结果表明：①北部湾盆地具有两坳一隆的构造格局,即北部坳陷带、南部坳陷带和中部隆起带。控凹边界断层为大型低角度拆离正断层,分割变质核杂岩与上盘岩石,其中下盘穹隆状变质核杂岩由地壳中-高级古老变质岩及晚期岩浆岩组成（包括被拆离断层切割的含糜棱状岩石的剪切带,如碎裂岩、角砾岩、糜棱岩和片麻岩等）;②受断裂伸展拆离,同时叠加晚期伸展应力旋转,乌石凹陷东区发育大型断层掀斜反转构造;③新提出“三明治”式地层充填模式下发育的顺层剪切走滑构造的形成机理。“三明治”式刚柔性岩石呈层状分布,在反转掀斜及后期应力场旋转叠加力的作用下,地层非常容易失衡,特别是在其界面处（刚柔界面、柔性界面内部）存在明显的物理力学差异性,二维层状滑动面摩擦阻力非常小,极易造成岩石的顺层剪切走滑。  相似文献   

北山造山带南带中元古代副变质岩的锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究——对北山造山带南带前寒武纪物质演化的探索     

周海  陈亮  孙勇 《地质学报》2018,92(5):928-945

北山造山带位于中亚造山带南缘,主要由一系列俯冲增生杂岩体构成。在其宽缓的造山区内,零散地分布着前寒武纪岩石。由于古生代以来强烈的造山作用和随后的陆内造山作用的改造,造成北山内的前寒武纪岩石和古生代以来的造山带产物难以区分。因此,关于北山造山带内的前寒武系归属问题,一直以来争议很大。本文在详细野外地质工作的基础上,报道了位于北山造山带中部的马鬃山地块内前寒武纪副变质岩的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。该岩石较高的变质程度、岩石组合、碎屑锆石年龄谱特征均显示其和北山造山带内古生代的残余被动大陆边缘产物不同,属于北山造山带内残余的前寒武纪基底,且沉积时代在中元古代约1.1~1.45Ga之间。结合前人的研究,得出以下认识:北山的前寒武纪物质在中元古(约1.0Ga)之后,显示出和塔里木克拉通、蒙古地块均相似的特征,表明三者均卷入了Rodina超大陆的聚散事件。在中元古代及其之前(约1.1Ga之前)则显示多源区的特征。本文中的北山造山带中元古代副变质岩显示了中元古代及其之前与塔里木克拉通不同,与蒙古地块相似的特征。锆石的Hf同位素分析进一步揭示了北山造山带前寒武纪副变质岩和敦煌地块均记录了古太古代中晚期的新生地壳加入事件,显示了与塔里木克拉通的差异。这也暗示了敦煌地块和北山造山带在中元古代(约1.45Ga)之前可能具有统一的前寒武纪基底。  相似文献