共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
沙尘气溶胶不仅影响天气和气候,而且对海洋生态及全球物质循环具有重要的作用.塔克拉玛干沙漠作为我国和东亚地区重要的沙尘气溶胶源区,其西南缘和田市沙尘气溶胶浓度及粒径分布特征尚不明确,将不利于该区域沙尘气溶胶远距离输送和沉降的机理研究.因此,本文利用粒子分级采样仪,通过对和田市不同天气(晴天、浮尘、扬沙天气)下沙尘气溶胶浓... 相似文献
2.
中国北方沙尘气溶胶对云和降水影响的数值模拟研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
已有的研究表明中国北方千旱半干旱地区是对流层沙尘气溶胶的主要来源之一,对当地乃至全球气候都有重要的意义.利用数值模拟研究方法探讨不同干燥程度的大气背景环境下,沙尘气溶胶数浓度对混合云形成和发展的可能影响,并采用析因试验讨论了主次影响因素.结果表明:沙尘气溶胶的增加导致降水减少、延长了云在空中存在的时间,改变了云的空间结构和微观结构.析因分析表明干旱半干旱气候背景条件下,混合云的累计降水量对沙尘气溶胶数浓度变化的敏感性要高于对大气环境湿度的敏感性;沙尘气溶胶数浓度增加导致云累计降水量的减少;沙尘气溶胶数浓度和大气环境湿度对云的累计降水量的影响是复杂的,研究结果可以用于指导降水预报业务. 相似文献
3.
基于2007—2021年CALIPSO和MODIS主、被动卫星遥感探测数据,对塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠的气溶胶光学特性时空分布特征进行探究及对比分析。结果表明：（1）两大沙漠的沙尘气溶胶对总气溶胶的贡献率最大,气溶胶类型季节变化的相对单一性反映了塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠地区存在沙漠沙尘排放对总气溶胶成分的显著影响;（2）塔克拉玛干沙漠气溶胶光学厚度AOD的峰值出现在春季（春季>夏季>秋季>冬季）,而撒哈拉沙漠AOD的峰值出现在夏季（夏季>春季>秋季>冬季）;（3）撒哈拉沙漠总气溶胶抬升高度与塔克拉玛干沙漠相近,但近地面层消光系数明显小于塔克拉玛干沙漠;塔克拉玛干沙漠的消光系数平均值在所有季节中均大于撒哈拉沙漠,故塔克拉玛干沙漠的沙尘气溶胶AOD比撒哈拉沙漠的大;相比沙漠沙尘气溶胶,塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠都无明显的污染沙尘和抬升烟活动。上述研究结果揭示了两大沙漠源区沙尘气溶胶光学特性的观测事实与利用大气气溶胶时空变化特征反映区域气候变化的可能性。 相似文献
4.
本文建立了一个包含沙尘起沙、输送、干沉积和湿沉积过程的气溶胶输送扩散模式．并和中尺度气候模式RIEMS相连接研究了1998年1月、4月、7月和1997年10月的沙尘起沙、输送、干沉积和湿沉积的过程。计算1998年1月、4月、7月和1997年10月气溶胶浓度及其分布．并和这四个月份的平均起沙分布以及北京、郑州和南京的实例沙尘分布作了比较．结果表明我国起沙多发生在春季．同时春季也是我国沙尘强度最大的季节。沙尘在我国西北的沙地和沙漠地区起沙后．向我国的东南方向输送．在输送过程中沙尘浓度逐渐降低。 相似文献
5.
全球环境大气输送模式(GEATM)的建立及其验证 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10
初步建立了以二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳、沙尘气溶胶等作为主要研究对象的全球环境大气输送模式(Global Environmental Atmospheric Transport Model,GEATM),其水平分辨率为1°×1°,垂直方向分为20层,采用地形追随坐标系,考虑了上述大气化学成分的地面源排放、平流与扩散、化学转化以及干沉降、湿清除等过程.利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料作为驱动气象场,对2004年进行长期模拟,分析了二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳、沙尘气溶胶的浓度分布和输送态势.与观测的比较表明,模式对于大气化学成分分布状况具有较强的模拟能力,在欧洲的Jarczew和Leba观测站,二氧化硫日平均浓度的相关系数分别达到了0.69和0.66;在中国,有47个站点的二氧化硫日平均浓度相关系数高于0.50,其中北京、天津、上海等28个站点的浓度相关系数达到了0.60以上.同时,模拟的沙尘气溶胶总体柱浓度分布状况与卫星观测输出的气溶胶光学厚度具有很好的一致性,体现了气溶胶粒子的输送态势和分布特征.模拟结果显示二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳的浓度高值区主要位于污染排放较大的欧洲、东亚和北美地区,二氧化硫地面最大年均浓度值为1500×10-12,硫酸盐为500×10-12,黑碳气溶胶为1000ng/m3.沙尘浓度与下垫面土壤类型以及地面气象条件关系密切,全球沙尘浓度主要分布在撒哈拉沙漠、阿拉伯半岛、中亚地区、澳大利亚西部以及拉丁美洲南部地区,并且呈现了较为显著的季节变化特征,撒哈拉沙漠输送最强时期是在6～8月,影响范围覆盖了整个赤道大西洋,最西端伸展到了北美的加勒比海地区;阿拉伯半岛沙尘输送最强时期是3～8月,影响范围包括阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾地区;亚洲在3～5月有非常强烈的沙尘东传过程,浓度输送带一直贯穿了整个北太平洋地区. 相似文献
6.
《高原气象》2018,(5)
针对兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站在敦煌地区的沙尘气溶胶加强观测试验,选取2012年春季自然和污染沙尘两种典型天气个例,利用激光雷达退偏观测的优势分离粗(沙尘)、细(背景气溶胶)粒子,反演并对比分析了沙尘气溶胶消光系数及质量浓度的垂直分布特征。研究发现,以4月26日为代表的自然沙尘,粒子退偏比垂直廓线均大于30%,质量浓度呈现单峰结构,1.5 km出现最大值(1 070μg·m~(-3));以4月6日为代表的污染沙尘,有明显的气溶胶分层现象,粒子退偏比介于5%～20%,沙尘质量浓度介于2～45μg·m-3;由于局地污染的影响,污染沙尘的质量消光系数(0.79m~2·g~(-1))明显大于自然沙尘(0. 48 m~2·g~(-1))。因此,为了准确评估沙尘气溶胶的质量浓度,对沙尘天气进行分类,并利用粒子退偏比有效分离沙尘气溶胶尤为重要。 相似文献
7.
《高原气象》2015,(4)
利用NCEP客观分析资料、卫星观测资料和中尺度化学模式(WRF-Chem),对2007年4月17日发生在青藏高原(下称高原)北侧塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的一次沙尘过程进行分析,研究了高原及附近地区沙尘气溶胶从地面向对流层上部和平流层下部传输的特征和机制,以及不同粒径沙尘粒子在传输中的差异。结果表明,沙尘粒子的垂直传输高度与背景水平风场的垂直分布特征密切相关,在没有云微物理过程参与的情况下,当高原上空出现深厚南北风交汇,形成穿透对流层顶的上升运动时,源于塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的沙尘气溶胶粒子,能到达高原上空,在辐合上升运动的作用下传输至下平流层,且具有明显的倾斜向上传输的特征。进一步分析表明,到达平流层下层的沙尘在空间上并不与地面沙尘源的位置相匹配。不同粒径的沙尘粒子的传输表现出不同的特征,粒径小的沙尘气溶胶粒子更容易在上升气流的作用下传至下平流层,而粒径8.0μm的沙尘粒子则在重力沉降作用影响下无法传至下平流层。敏感性数值试验结果表明,降低高原地形会使得高原上空沙尘气溶胶粒子向南和向上的传输变弱。 相似文献
8.
浑善达克沙地沙尘气溶胶的粒谱特征 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
浑善达克沙地是我国主要沙尘气溶胶源地之一,但对其沙尘气溶胶特征一直缺乏研究.2001年4月末到5月初,在内蒙古浑善达克沙地利用PMS Fssp-100型激光粒谱仪进行了大气气溶胶的外场观测,取得了晴天、扬沙和沙尘暴天气条件下沙尘粒子的数浓度采样资料,通过统计分析研究,总结出浑善达克沙地在不同天气条件下近地面沙尘气溶胶的粒谱分布规律.所得统计结果表明了与其他源地沙尘气溶胶的共同点、差异之处及其原因.这一结果也为沙尘气溶胶辐射气候效应的数值模拟提供了新的实测依据. 相似文献
9.
10.
北京地区沙尘天气气溶胶飞机观测特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用3次沙尘天气期间的气溶胶飞机观测资料,分析了北京地区在3种沙尘天气下气溶胶垂直分布特征。结果显示:逆温层的存在对扬沙个例的垂直分布有影响。数密度谱的分布基本呈单调递减,但边界层内扬沙、浮尘和沙尘暴个例都在0.13~0.3μm间存在峰值,而扬沙个例在0.8μm,浮尘个例在6.5μm以及沙尘暴个例在2.8和6.5μm处出现次峰值。沙尘中细粒子的有效直径是人为源气溶胶粒子的4到10倍。浮尘天气整个粒子谱宽从近地面层开始随高度先增大后减小,到3000m达到最大,这与高空输送有关;扬沙个例沙尘粒子谱分布显示近地面层大于50μm段粒子谱无论数浓度还是谱宽都明显高于浮尘和沙尘暴个例,这与扬沙是局地大风扬尘引起有关;沙尘暴个例谱宽在接近云底达到最大,说明大粒子已经被携带到一定高度,与蒙古气旋云系的上升运动有关。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献