库区蓄水型人工增雨效果评估及其应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张中平  钱霞荣  叶祥玉  马建国  李强  季松群  余常新 《热带气象学报》2007,23(2):205-208

通过对降水影响系统分型,给出了以同一影响天气系统下的降水时段为评估单元,对降水前后目标区和控制区的流域面雨量、入库流量和作业前后雷达回波参量进行评估,并对2005年夏季增雨作业个例进行了计算,结果表明,雷达回波参量在作业前后有明显的变化,平均增雨率为19.61%,投入产出比为1:37,经济效益显著。  相似文献   

A review of ecological risk assessment and associated health risks with heavy metals in sediment from India     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(5):516-526

Heavy metal (HM) pollution in sediment is a serious concern particularly in developing nations, warranting an extensive survey to understand the current situation and propose possible remedial measures. This paper compiles the data of HMs cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) in aquatic sediment from India from 1979 to 2017. It was found that mean values of Cu, Co, Zn, Pb, As, and Cr in Indian sediment were high in comparison to the Australian Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines, World Surface Rock Average, and the Threshold Effect Level for freshwater ecosystems. Anthropogenic activities, lithogenic factors, and sand intrusion are the main factors associated with HM pollution as observed using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results of contamination indices indicate that HM contamination ranged from average to high, in the sediment. The ecological risk assessment results showed that 11% HMs present very high risk. The cancer risk, due to the high contents of Cd, As, and Cr the ingestion pathway, showed high risk of cancer through food/water contaminated with sediment. At source reduction of HMs in industrial effluents by effluent treatment plants, and plantation of phytoremediating rooted macrophytes in sediment may help in HM mitigation of the sediment.  相似文献   

锰三角地区电解锰压滤渣高温可控脱硫生产活性微粉项目经济效益与社会效益分析     

常征 《地质与勘探》2020,56(4):845-851

电解锰压滤渣是工业生产金属锰过程中采用湿法酸浸电解工艺产生的一种工业废渣。这种传统的废渣处理处置方式,极易造成严重的环境污染和地质灾害的发生。本次研究将电解锰压滤渣通过焙烧生产活性微粉、产生的脱硫烟气制硫酸,是一种能有效解决电解锰压滤渣处理处置和综合利用的方法。本文对"锰三角"地区拟建20万吨电解锰压滤渣焙烧生产活性微粉、脱硫烟气制硫酸生产示范线项目,进行了区域市场调研,对项目的经济效益与社会效益进行分析。该项目年均可实现销售收入4162.7万元,为当地循环经济和锰产业可持续发展探索了一条新的出路。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地盐尘暴及其资源生态环境影响          下载免费PDF全文

张西营  李雯霞  耿鋆  苗卫良  李永寿  唐启亮  陈亮  袁小龙  郭晓宁  王钰  才仁扎西 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1):11-17

在干旱和半干旱地区,盐尘暴是一种常见的极端气象灾害。柴达木盆地频发的沙尘暴实质上就是盐尘暴。柴达木盆地盐尘暴已经对区域大气、土壤、植被、人类健康乃至全球气候变化都产生了不同程度的影响。由于柴达木盆地盐尘暴中可溶盐成分来源复杂,尽管目前对其形成过程和机制还缺乏深刻理解,但人类的资源开发活动对盐尘暴显然具有促进作用。有必要从系统的角度来考虑柴达木盆地盐尘暴对区域乃至全球的影响,这对于区域生态环境的正确评估和后期恢复治理具有重要意义。  相似文献   

中国城市标度律及标度因子时空特征     

焦利民  雷玮倩  许刚  徐智邦  周正梓 《地理学报》2020,75(12):2744-2758

城市标度律刻画了城市系统中城市要素与人口数量之间的规模缩放关系,但标度律在中国城市系统中的适用性和意义尚不明确。本文采用中国275个地级及以上城市数据,探究不同城市要素与人口规模的标度关系,并从时空维度探究标度因子的时空演化规律。结果表明：作为典型的快速城市化发展中国家,中国城市发展符合标度律,且呈现出与发达国家不同的特征：中国城市人口集聚带来的经济产出集聚效应显著,而土地利用、基础设施与公共服务的规模经济效应还有待增强。部分基础设施、生活设施要素与人口规模呈超线性或线性关系,与预期的次线性相悖,基础教育、医疗等要素的标度因子则远低于发达国家的次线性阈值,反映了公共资源向大城市聚集、不同规模城市发展不平衡等快速城镇化进程中城市系统的独特性。标度因子的区域分异反映城市发展协调程度差异,其中东北地区不同规模城市差异最为显著。主要城市要素标度因子随时间的变化表明,中国大城市的经济产出集聚效应在2009年最为显著,而后略有下降;中国大城市土地扩张总体上自2000年以来持续加速,2008年以后仍维持在较高水平,管控城市特别是大城市的外延式扩张、提高土地利用效率具有紧迫性。中国城市标度律研究有助于认知快速城市化地区城市系统特征和演化规律,为实现区域协调发展与落实新型城镇化发展战略提供支持。  相似文献   

中子活化测井在萤石矿勘探中应用效果          下载免费PDF全文

师立谱  徐风曾  王世传 《山东国土资源》1990,(2)

本文简要叙述了中子活化测井原位测定萤石矿(CaF_2)含量的原理及方法技术,以及在两个萤石矿区试生产的成果实例。并着重指出: 1.该方法适用于各种不同类型的萤石矿。选择F作为CaF_2的特征指示元素,在萤石矿无其它元素干扰,方法反映单解。 2.工作证明:该方法可防止由于岩矿心破碎造成的地质取心中漏失的矿体,发现地质工作未确定的薄矿层。并能提供CaF_2含量。 3.在取心率很低的钻孔,提供了真实可靠的CaF_2含量和矿层上下顶板确切位置,避免了钻孔报废、取得了良好的经济效益。最后文章指出:该方法的精度、灵敏度和工作效率完全满足生产工作的需要。  相似文献   

基于生态文明思想的围填海历史遗留问题处理理论与实践——以大连港太平湾港区和中新天津生态城为例          下载免费PDF全文

朱德洲  李耀如  温国义  徐谦 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(1):31-37

长期大规模围填海活动在振兴沿海地区经济的同时,也严重破坏了海岸带生态系统。文章梳理了关于加强滨海湿地保护、严格管控围填海的一系列政策要求与技术指南;以大连港太平湾港区和中新天津生态城为例,分别分析了港口工业区和滨海生态旅游区的围填海历史遗留问题处理与生态保护修复实践,并提出了生态优先,绿色发展;自然恢复为主,人工修复为辅;陆海统筹,生态融合;问题导向,科学修复;科技支撑,示范带动等新发展阶段下海洋生态保护修复的建议。  相似文献   

半封闭海域生态修复策略研究——以渤海为例          下载免费PDF全文

张少春  宋静静  刘凯凯  于道德  李友训  马健  李彬  王先磊 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(9):3-10

渤海作为我国唯一的半封闭型海域,是京津冀城市群蓬勃发展的战略支撑和关键依托,其生态环境的稳定与沿岸人类福祉息息相关,其生态环境修复是近年来该领域的研究热点。文章重点围绕全球气候变化和人类活动对渤海生态环境的影响进行了剖析,通过综合对比分析国内外其他类似水域或地区的生态修复既有成果,立足渤海水域特点和现状,提出动态思维与整体保护原则、生境连通性修复原则、不同时空尺度修复原则等生态修复原则,并指出渤海生态修复需理性规划渔业经济活动,统筹考虑渤海生态与冲淡水之间的关系,建议运用前瞻性的思维模式和理念,合理预测、规划、定位、配置、实施和维护渤海生态系统的稳定,重点探索应对全球气候变化的最佳适应性管理策略。  相似文献   

Land use changes and sea level rise may induce a “coastal squeeze” on the coasts of Veracruz,Mexico     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

“Coastal squeeze” refers to the process in which coastal ecosystems are threatened by the combination of sea level rise (SLR) and the presence of a physical barrier, such as human infrastructure. This situation prevents the landward migration of ecosystems and species, as the coastline moves inland, and they are thus exposed to local extinction. Our objective was to explore coastal squeeze in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, through the study of urban expansion on the coast, an analysis of coastline geodynamics, and a projection of the potential effect of SLR on the distribution of two focal plant species which are endemic to the coastal dunes of Mexico. Urbanization of the coast, parallel to the shoreline, has been taking place increasingly rapidly, displacing ecosystems, both natural (mangroves, beaches and coastal dunes) and transformed (cultivated fields and pastures). Taking into consideration the geodynamic trends of the coastline and an analysis of its historical evolution, it can be seen that the coastal strip is eroding at rates that vary from slow to very rapid. Finally, the results of ecological niche modeling indicate that, under scenarios of SLR, the potential distribution of the two focal species would diminish: Chamaecrista chamaecristoides by 6–28%, and Palafoxia lindenii by 2–15%. These results indicate that “coastal squeeze” is likely in the study area, and that measures to limit or mitigate this process are required. Such measures could include urbanization programs which limit development to appropriate zones, the restoration and rehabilitation of deteriorated ecosystems and the conservation of those ecosystems which are still healthy.  相似文献   

Analysis of coprolites from the extinct mountain goat Myotragus balearicus     

Frido Welker  Elza Duijm  Kristiaan J. van der Gaag  Bas van Geel  Peter de Knijff  Jacqueline van Leeuwen  Dick Mol  Johannes van der Plicht  Niels Raes  Jelle Reumer  Barbara Gravendeel 《Quaternary Research》2014

Humans colonized the Balearic Islands 5–4 ka ago. They arrived in a uniquely adapted ecosystem with the Balearic mountain goat Myotragus balearicus (Bovidae, Antilopinae, Caprini) as the only large mammal. This mammal went extinct rapidly after human arrival. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the extinction of M. balearicus. For the present study ancient DNA analysis (Sanger sequencing, Roche-454, Ion Torrent), and pollen and macrofossil analyses were performed on preserved coprolites from M. balearicus, providing information on its diet and paleo-environment. The information retrieved shows that M. balearicus was heavily dependent on the Balearic box species Buxus balearica during at least part of the year, and that it was most probably a browser. Hindcast ecological niche modelling of B. balearica shows that local distribution of this plant species was affected by climate changes. This suggests that the extinction of M. balearicus can be related to the decline and regional extinction of a plant species that formed a major component of its diet. The vegetation change is thought to be caused by increased aridity occurring throughout the Mediterranean. Previous hypotheses relating the extinction of M. balearicus directly to the arrival of humans on the islands must therefore be adjusted.  相似文献