不同土壤中含油污水污染区的电性变化研究及污染区探测   总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

郭秀军  武瑞锁  贾永刚  李鸿江 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(2):402-406

本文利用室内电阻率测试的方法研究了研究了饱和土和不饱和土两类土中含油污水的侵入量对其导电性的影响.测试结果表明,对于不饱和土,含油污水的侵入会改变土的饱和度从而引起其电阻率的降低,侵入量越大其电阻率越低;而饱和土的电阻率随含油污水侵入量的增大而增大直到趋于稳定.基于此,通过室内模拟土层污染和野外实地观测污染土层的方式研究了含油污水污染不同饱和度土层的电剖面异常特征,在不饱和土层中污染区域表现为相对低阻异常区而在饱和土层中表现为相对高阻异常区.通过对比不同时期的监测结果显示异常区的范围随污染区的变化而变化,并可反映出污染区的实际分布.文章分析了利用电阻率法进行含油污水污染地下介质调查的几个模糊点,对提高探测效果具有指导意义.  相似文献   

Predation and intertidal zonation of barnacles at Leigh,New Zealand     

Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):355-378

Experiments using cages at four shore levels were carried out to determine the part played by the feeding of the gastropods Neothais scalaris and Lepsiella scobina on the zonation of three species of intertidal barnacles: Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna, and Epopella plicata. The lower limit of the two larger barnacle species was determined by predation, but C. columna was affected only in the absence of the other two barnacles.  相似文献   

处置库污泥工程特性测试研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

冯源  罗小勇  林伟岸  詹良通  柯瀚  陈云敏 《岩土力学》2013,34(1):115-122

对某填埋场污泥库中取样的污泥进行了岩土工程特性测试,包括有机质含量、含水率、界限含水率、颗粒级配、渗透系数、压缩固结特性及抗剪强度等。试验结果表明,与常规淤泥相比,污泥库中经一段时间降解后污泥有机质含量及含水率较高,平均值分别为45%和520%;污泥在历时2 a的生物降解作用下,污泥含水率、有机质含量沿深度呈较为明显的减少趋势;污泥具有极高的压缩性,压缩系数a100-200高达7 MPa-1;污泥的固结表现为非线性大变形特性,其固结系数在10-5～10-6 cm2/s,比淤泥低1～2个数量级,固结系数随压力的增加而显著减少;污泥的抗剪强度参数较小,其黏聚力为0,内摩擦角为14.7°。有机质含量高是污泥高含水率、高液塑性指数、高压缩性,低渗透性、低固结系数及低抗剪强度的本质原因。以上成果可为污泥库的固化处置、稳定分析等提供必要的参数。  相似文献   

High‐frequency water quality monitoring in an urban catchment: hydrochemical dynamics,primary production and implications for the Water Framework Directive          下载免费PDF全文

Sarah J. Halliday  Richard A. Skeffington  Andrew J. Wade  Michael J. Bowes  Emma Gozzard  Jonathan R. Newman  Matthew Loewenthal  Elizabeth J. Palmer‐Felgate  Helen P. Jarvie 《水文研究》2015,29(15):3388-3407

This paper describes the hydrochemistry of a lowland, urbanised river‐system, The Cut in England, using in situ sub‐daily sampling. The Cut receives effluent discharges from four major sewage treatment works serving around 190 000 people. These discharges consist largely of treated water, originally abstracted from the River Thames and returned via the water supply network, substantially increasing the natural flow. The hourly water quality data were supplemented by weekly manual sampling with laboratory analysis to check the hourly data and measure further determinands. Mean phosphorus and nitrate concentrations were very high, breaching standards set by EU legislation. Although 56% of the catchment area is agricultural, the hydrochemical dynamics were significantly impacted by effluent discharges which accounted for approximately 50% of the annual P catchment input loads and, on average, 59% of river flow at the monitoring point. Diurnal dissolved oxygen data demonstrated high in‐stream productivity. From a comparison of high frequency and conventional monitoring data, it is inferred that much of the primary production was dominated by benthic algae, largely diatoms. Despite the high productivity and nutrient concentrations, the river water did not become anoxic, and major phytoplankton blooms were not observed. The strong diurnal and annual variation observed showed that assessments of water quality made under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) are sensitive to the time and season of sampling. It is recommended that specific sampling time windows be specified for each determinand, and that WFD targets should be applied in combination to help identify periods of greatest ecological risk. © 2015 The Authors. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

The role of biogenic structures on the biogeochemical functioning of mangrove constructed wetlands sediments - A mesocosm approach     

Gil Penha-Lopes  Erik Kristensen  Perrine Mangion  José Paula 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(4):560-572

Benthic metabolism (measured as CO₂ production) and carbon oxidation pathways were evaluated in 4 mangrove mesocosms subjected daily to seawater or 60% sewage in the absence or presence of mangrove trees and biogenic structures (pneumatophores and crab burrows). Total CO₂ emission from darkened sediments devoid of biogenic structures at pristine conditions was comparable during inundation (immersion) and air exposure (emersion), although increased 2-7 times in sewage contaminated mesocosms. Biogenic structures increased low tide carbon gas emissions at contaminated (30%) and particularly pristine conditions (60%). When sewage was loaded into the mesocosms under unvegetated and planted conditions, iron reduction was substituted by sulfate reduction and contribution of aerobic respiration to total metabolism remained above 50%. Our results clearly show impacts of sewage on the partitioning of electron acceptors in mangrove sediment and confirm the importance of biogenic structures for biogeochemical functioning but also on greenhouse gases emission.  相似文献   

城镇雨污分流非开挖工程中的工程勘察内容和要求     

卢焱  邵本科 《探矿工程》2009,36(6):62-66

论述在城镇雨污分流工程中采用非开挖技术需要工程勘察的内容和要求。针对非开挖技术特点,与常规市政工程勘察的对比分析,得出采用非开挖技术施工所需要的工程勘察特性。结合廊坊市雨污分流非开挖试验段工程,分析了前期工程勘察对后期非开挖工程施工的影响,具体分析工程地质勘察和施工区域地下管线探测特殊性对非开挖工程设计、施工的意义。最后从雨污分流非开挖试验段工程结论出发,总结采用非开挖技术施工进行工程勘察的常规性内容,为以后类似工程采用非开挖技术施工提供参考.  相似文献   

Evaluation of equivalence between different methods for enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria before and after adoption of the new Bathing Water Directive and risk assessment of pollution     

Darija Vukić Lušić  Dražen Lušić  Denis Pešut  Vladimir Mićović  Marin Glad  Lovorka Bilajac  Vesna Peršić 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

The quality of bathing water is of considerable public importance due to the possibility of fecal contamination. In 2009, Croatia implemented the new European Bathing Water Directive (BWD, 2006/7/EC) establishing stricter microbiological standards for new parameters with new reference methods. This study aims to evaluate the equivalence of different methods according to the old and revised BWD and to provide the possibility of data comparison. Furthermore, the directive requires the establishment of the bathing water profile (BWP) for pollution risk assessment. The estimation of consistency of pollution risk assessment with obtained microbiological results was also performed.  相似文献   

Major human Hepatitis A virus genotype in Hong Kong marine waters and detection by real-time PCR     

Yang N  Chu DL  Wong MM  Qi H  Wu RS  Kong RY 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2654-2658

Marine waters from seven sites around Hong Kong with varying levels of sewage pollution were analyzed for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) by PCR cloning and DNA sequencing of the highly variable VP1/2A junction of the HAV genome. Phylogenetic analysis of 10 PCR clones from each of the HAV-positive marine sites indicated that human HAV genotype IB is the most widely distributed type in Hong Kong waters. A sensitive and quantitative TaqMan-based PCR method targeting the 5′-noncoding region (5′-NCR) of HAV was used to quantify HAV particles in marine water samples along with the total Escherichiacoli counts being enumerated on TBX medium for comparison. Our results showed that no correlation of any significance between HAV and E. coli counts was observed which underscores the inadequacy in using E. coli as a sanitary standard to predict the levels of HAV in marine waters.  相似文献   

Distribution of Arsenic in Sewage Irrigation Area of Pearl River Delta,China     

黄冠星  孙继朝  张英  荆继红  张玉玺  刘景涛 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2011,(3)

The aim of the present work is to investigate the distribution of arsenic(As) in sewage ir-rigation area,to deduce the migration and transformation mechanism of As in soil and groundwater,and to infer the source of As in soil and groundwater.This study is carried out in a sewage irrigation area of the Pearl River Delta,China.Surface water samples,soil samples,and groundwater samples from sewage irrigation area were analyzed for As and other elements.As contents in water samples were analyzed by hydride gene...  相似文献   

人工湿地的构建与应用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张清 《湿地科学》2011,9(4):373-379

论述了人工湿地污水处理技术的机制和优势,阐述了人工湿地的构建和污水处理研究进展,表明人工湿地的污水处理效率与污染物的种类和污染程度、人工湿地的类型、湿地植物种类、基质类型、水力停留时间和水力负荷等密切相关.在中国,典型人工湿地有3种类型,分别为垂直流人工湿地、潜流式人工湿地和表面流人工湿地,主要用于处理来自化粪池、养殖...  相似文献