山区小流域洪水分布模式模拟与危险性评估     

王雪梅  翟晓燕  郭良 《水文》2023,43(4):45-52

流域暴雨山洪过程时空异质性强,准确评估雨洪变化特性和洪水危险性对山洪灾害防治具有重要意义。以7个降雨特征指标和6个洪水特征指标刻画流域场次雨洪特性,采用中国山洪水文模型和洪水频率指标相结合,模拟和评估口前流域洪水过程及其危险性。结果表明：场次洪水洪峰模数、洪峰时间偏度、高脉冲历时占比、涨落洪速率与降雨总量、平均雨量、最大雨强、雨峰位置系数、基尼系数等降雨特征指标显著相关,三场致灾洪水过程的降雨均呈现量级大、强度大、历时短、暴雨中心偏中下游的特点;率定期和验证期的平均径流深相对误差均在9%以内,平均洪峰流量相对误差均在11%以内,平均峰现时间误差均在1.7 h以内,平均Nash-Sutcliffe系数为0.80和0.76;各场次洪水有0.0%～93.3%的河段流量达到一般危险及以上等级,三场致灾洪水过程的危险性等级最高,分别有80.0%、35.0%和1.7%的小流域河段流量达到高危险及以上等级。研究可为山区小流域暴雨洪水危险性评估、灾害响应和复盘等提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

基于Flash+ASP构建地质灾害隐患WebGIS初探          下载免费PDF全文

谢湛明  杨广斌 《贵州地质》2015,32(2):137-141

基于Flash+ASP技术方案,以黄平县为研究区,进行了广泛地野外勘测和室内各类空间、属性数据的整编,获取了黄平县域内地质灾害隐患点的时空信息,并结合数据库管理系统,从系统设计、空间数据库建立和系统功能设计等方面构建了黄平县地质灾害隐患WebGIS。该系统实现了地质灾害隐患点实时动态监测与灾情预测分析的网络化管理,为地质灾害防治工作提供有效辅助决策。  相似文献   

基于Flash+XML+ASP技术的互动式网络地图构建          下载免费PDF全文

宋国大  张哲 《海洋测绘》2009,29(4):38-41

通过对现今较为成熟的网络地图发布技术及其实现方式进行比较研究，提出了利用Flash＋XML＋ASP技术构建互动式网络地图的新方法，详细介绍了采用此方法构建互动式网络地图的技术流程及具体实现方法，实现了真正意义上的“瘦客户端”的互动式网络地图。  相似文献   

电视天气预报节目中常见天气示意图的动画制作     

庞君如  蓝设华 《气象研究与应用》2003,24(2):55-56

结合日常电视天气预报节目的情况,阐述动画在天气预报节目中的重要性,介绍如何用多媒体动画软件实现常见天气示意图,为天气预报节目制作人员日常动画制作提供参考。  相似文献   

Geomorphological response to an extreme flood: A case from southeast Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. M. Harvey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1984,9(3):267-279

On 28–29 September 1980 an extreme storm of 150 mm of rain in c. 5 hours caused a flash flood near Tabernas in a semi-arid area in southern Spain. With the rainfall total approximating the mean annual rainfall the recurrence interval is estimated to be 25–100 years. Flood peak discharges have been estimated from a mountain source area across an alluvial fan and the geomorphological response to the storm described. Channel adjustment differed between channels in the fanhead trench and those unconfined channels on the fan surface. The implications of the spatial pattern of erosional an depositional feaures for landform adjustment in semi-arid regions are discussed.  相似文献   

青藏高压前部突发性局地强暴雨的初步研究     

陈忠明  荣锦海 《高原气象》1992,11(1):90-95

本文通过对一次500hPa青藏高压前部的突发性强暴雨天气的诊断分析，揭示了暴雨产生的环境场特征。利用带通滤波方法,分析了与暴雨天气密切相关的中尺度系统及发展机理，获得了一些对业务预报有指导意义的结果。  相似文献   

The anthropogenic acceleration and intensification of flash drought over the southeastern coastal region of China will continue into the future          下载免费PDF全文

Yumiao Wang  Xing Yuan 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(5):100262

The frequent and rapid onset of flash drought poses a serious threat to agriculture and ecosystems. Detecting human influences on flash droughts and estimating their future risks under climate change have attracted great attention. Focusing on a record-breaking flash drought event in the southeastern coastal region of China in summer 2020, the authors found that the suppression of convective precipitation and high temperature caused by the persistent high geopotential height anomalies and land–atmosphere dry coupling were important reasons for the rapid onset and strong intensity of the flash drought. Event attribution analysis with the latest CMIP6 data showed that anthropogenic climate change has not only increased the likelihood of an onset speed and intensity like those of the 2020 flash drought event, by about 93% ± 20% and 18% ± 15%, respectively, but also increased the chance of their simultaneous occurrence, by about 86% ± 38%, according to their joint probability distribution. Under a business-as-usual future scenario (SSP2-4.5), the likelihood of such an onset speed, intensity, and their simultaneous occurrence will further increase, by 85% ± 33%, 49% ± 8%, and 81% ± 48%, respectively, as compared with current climate conditions. This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic climate change for accelerating and intensifying flash drought in the southeastern coastal region of China.摘要快速爆发的骤旱对农业生产, 生态环境等造成严重威胁, 亟须量化当前及未来气候变化对骤旱爆发过程的影响. 2020年夏季, 在持续高压异常和陆气干耦合的控制下, 我国东南沿海地区出现高温少雨天气并引发极端骤旱事件. 基于第六次国际耦合模式比较计划 (CMIP6) 数据开展归因分析, 本文发现相比天然情景, 温室气体排放等人为因子导致的气候变化不仅使类似2020年骤旱爆发速度和强度的发生概率分别增加93%和18%, 还使其联合概率增加86%. 在目前排放水平下, 此类骤旱爆发速度和强度发生概率及其联合概率在21世纪末将提高85%, 49%, 和81%, 极大增加了干旱适应的挑战.  相似文献   

Radar rainfall estimation for flash flood forecasting in small urban watersheds     

James A. Smith  Mary Lynn Baeck  Katherine L. Meierdiercks  Andrew J. Miller  Witold F. Krajewski 《Advances in water resources》2007

Radar rainfall estimation for flash flood forecasting in small, urban catchments is examined through analyses of radar, rain gage and discharge observations from the 14.3 km² Dead Run drainage basin in Baltimore County, Maryland. The flash flood forecasting problem pushes the envelope of rainfall estimation to time and space scales that are commensurate with the scales at which the fundamental governing laws of land surface processes are derived. Analyses of radar rainfall estimates are based on volume scan WSR-88D reflectivity observations for 36 storms during the period 2003–2005. Gage-radar analyses show large spatial variability of storm total rainfall over the 14.3 km² basin for flash flood producing storms. The ability to capture the detailed spatial variation of rainfall for flash flood producing storms by WSR-88D rainfall estimates varies markedly from event to event. As spatial scale decreases from the 14.3 km² scale of the Dead Run watershed to 1 km² (and the characteristic time scale of flash flood producing rainfall decreases from 1 h to 15 min) the predictability of flash flood response from WSR-88D rainfall estimates decreases sharply. Storm to storm variability of multiplicative bias in storm total rainfall estimates is a dominant element of the error structure of radar rainfall estimates, and it varies systematically over the warm season and with flood magnitude. Analyses of the 7 July 2004 and 28 June 2005 storms illustrate microphysical and dynamical controls on radar estimation error for extreme flash flood producing storms.  相似文献   

C语言在闪蒸过程计算中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

常兴 《盐湖研究》2004,12(2):39-42

从物料衡算出发,分析了闪蒸过程计算,通过一个计算实例探讨了Newton迭代求解法以及C语言编程方法在闪蒸过程计算的应用。  相似文献   

舒曼共振：测量全球热带气温的最新方法     

汤克云  曹文忠 《地球物理学进展》1994,9(1):17-22

全球气候突变已成为全世界科学家、企业家和政治家共同关注的焦点问题之一。为了准确地预测全球温度的变化趋势和变化速度，我们必须对全球大气温度进行更为广泛更为精确的测量，研究和发展测量大气温度的新方法。由于全球年平均温度变化不过零点几度，相当于其绝对温度的千分之几，由直接测量全球数千个测点的气温来准确估算全球大气平均温度及其变化是困难的。因此，找出一些依赖于气温的涨落而非线性变化的物理参量是很有用的。这样，测量那些参量的明显变化可以准确地确定温度的细微变化。同地球一电离层谐振腔以及全球范围的闪电活动相联系的舒曼共振的振幅就是这样一种物理量。舒曼共振是一种全球性的电磁现象，它能敏感地反映整个热带大气的温度变化。这就是说，在全球任何一个背景噪声较低的地点设置一个舒曼共振台站，可由这一台站纪录的舒曼共振幅度的明显变化推断全球热带大气气温的细微变化。  相似文献