边坡变形系统失稳控制因素研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王来贵  黄润秋 《地质灾害与环境保护》1997,8(2):26-30

通过对顺层变形几何非线性和连续变形物理非线性边坡模型的讨论，建立了边坡为形系统失稳的条件，找出影响系统稳定性的控制变量，并就控制变量的因素进行探讨，提出了人为调整控制变量，来防止边坡系统失稳措施的设想。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地西南缘的岩石组合及其构造演化     

刘生国  郭建华 《海相油气地质》1997,2(4):15-19

塔里木盆地西南缘可划分为喀喇昆仑、西昆仑、塔里木等三个地层区和康西瓦、库地等两个缝合带。自震旦纪以来,该区经历了震旦纪—泥盆纪和石炭纪—第四纪两大构造旋回。对应每一旋回,喀喇昆仑地层区和塔里木地层区发育有被动大陆边缘盆地和碰撞造山两种类型的岩石组合。西昆仑地层区发育了被动大陆边缘盆地、俯冲消减带和碰撞造山等三种类型的岩石组合。康西瓦缝合带是康西瓦洋经历了震旦纪—中泥盆世和早石炭世—晚侏罗世两次开合后的遗迹,它既是喀喇昆仑和西昆仑两个地层区的分界线,又是羌塘和塔里木两个板块的分界线;库地缝合带则是库地洋经历早石炭世—早二叠世一次开合的遗迹,分割了西昆仑和塔里木这两个地层区。  相似文献   

川西北倒三角形断块东部区域强震带形成机制与地震活动特征     

蒋良文  王士天  李渝生  王运生 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

川西北倒三角形断块东部区域地处青藏高原东部边缘地带,地跨川西北高原及其与四川盆地过渡带的高山峡谷区,属我国著名的南北向地震带的中段,因其特定的大地构造环境和强烈的现代地壳构造运动,导致其在强大的近东西向构造应力场的驱动和平卧“A”字型控震构造体系的控制下,沿两侧边界断裂向东强力楔入,于“构造急剧收口带”之西侧形成了一个近SN向地跨三大构造单元的强震带,强震沿该带有规律的往返迁移和重复发生,且地震活动强弱具有较明显的分形特征。  相似文献   

Unravelling a long-term multi-event thermal record in the cratonic interior of southern Finland through apatite fission track thermochronology     

G.R Murrell  P.A.M Andriessen 《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2004,29(10):695-706

Apatite fission track thermochronology (AFTT) has been applied to the Precambrian basement rocks of southern Finland in an attempt to detect within the long-term thermal history, thermal manifestations in the cratonic interior of tectonic events at the craton margin. The likely subtle magnitude of these manifestations means that AFTT is a useful technique for such a study due to its low temperature sensitivity. A total of 10 samples have been analysed, generating AFTT ages, length statistics and thermal models. Ages range from 313 ± 22 to 848 ± 60 Ma and mean track lengths range from 11.0 ± 1.6 to 13.3 ± 1.8 μm. The data suggests the presence of thermal overprinting of an earlier cooling event. Thermal modelling produces similar results for all samples and typically contains the following major events: (1) two phases of Late-Proterozoic cooling, (2) Late-Silurian re-heating, (3) Cenozoic cooling. The first phase of Late-Proterozoic cooling is interpreted to be due to aulacogen inversion as a result of stress propagation from the collisional tectonics of the Sveconorwegian orogeny. The second phase is discussed in relation to passive margin formation and possible asthenospheric diaper induced relief and exhumation. The Late-Silurian re-heating coincides in time with a proposed Caledonian foreland basin. The Cenozoic cooling is interpreted to represent the latest exposure resulting from North Atlantic Margin formation induced uplift and associated denudation.  相似文献   

The Rotational Structure along the Eastern Segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault and Its Implications in Dynamics     

Wang Ping 《中国地震研究》2004,18(4):327-336

As a result of the left-lateral strike-slipping of the Altyn Tagh fault in Neotectonic period, a contra-rotational structure, namely the Zhaobishan vortex structure, has developed at the juncture of the main Altyn Tagh fault and the northern fringe fault of the Qilian Mountains.Preliminary analysis on the deformation and evolution of the Zhaobishan vortex structure. In combination with the previous data, suggests that the tectonic transform between the Altyn Tagh fault and the northern fringe fault of the Qilian Mountains attributes to the deformation of the rotational structure. The existence of a series of rotational structures along the Altyn Tagh fault and on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) plateau indicate that as the substance in the northern Qinghal-Xizang (Tibet) plateau moves clockwise around the eastern tectonic knot of the Himalayas, rotational structures become the principal mode on the northern marginal zone of the Plateau of transforming and absorbing tectonic deformation.  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探主孔2000米以上脆性变形构造应力场   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6  

崔军文王连捷  李朋武徐东辉 吴海燕 《岩石学报》2004,20(1):73-80

在主孔2000米之内，存在复杂的脆性破裂系统和构造应力场。根据其充填物的特征，可划分为由石英、方解石和绿泥石等矿物充填的微破裂，发育石英、方解石等矿物薄膜或擦痕线理的微破裂和既无矿物充填、也无矿物薄膜的微破裂等3种不同类型的脆性应变现象，它们依次代表早、中、晚和深、中、浅3个不同构造层次的脆性变形。初步分析表明脆性变形阶段存在有以南东东-北西西向为主导的挤压作用、北东-南西向的区域挤压作用、南北向挤压作用和垂向伸展作用等4期构造应力场。郯庐断裂东侧的现代构造应力场在区域上具有极大的稳定性。在脆性和脆-韧性转换带，制约苏鲁高压-超高压变质带侵位的主导应力作用方式为自南东东往北西西方向的挤压，它在时间和空间上具有一定的稳定性。  相似文献   

闽西-赣南早-中侏罗世盆地及其火成岩特征   总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22  

邓平舒良树  余心起王彬  谭正中孙岩 《岩石学报》2004,20(3):521-532

闽西-赣南地区早、中侏罗世陆相盆地带东起福建永定,经江西寻乌到龙南,断续延伸约250km,宽60～80km.受后期构造破坏和花岗岩浆侵入影响,现呈肢解散碎的残留盆地面貌.盆地边界特征和盆区岩层节理测量统计结果反映该区自晚三叠世以来,先后经历了近S-N向水平挤压(T3-J1E),S-N向垂向挤压、近E-W向水平伸展(J1L-J2),SE-NW向挤压(K1)和近E-W向挤压、S-N向伸展(K2)等复杂的演化过程.早-中侏罗世强烈的拉张-断陷作用导致盆区大量双峰式火山岩的喷发,其基性端员玄武岩的颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄值为170±1Ma,酸性端员流纹岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄为179Ma～165±2Ma.流纹岩具有高的SiO2、Al2O3、K2O含量,ANKC值＞1.1;轻稀土富集、稀土总量高,铕亏损,具明显Eu负异常;富集Rb、Th,贫化Ba、Ti、P、Nb、Zr等特点,属富钾过铝火山岩类.与之共生的玄武岩则以富硅贫碱为特征,轻稀土轻度富集,铕异常不明显;弱富集Rb、Ba、Th、Ce,贫Nb、Zr、Y,配分样式呈上凸型,属拉斑系列玄武岩类,反映一种后造山的陆内裂谷环境.闽西-赣南地区盆山格局的形成经历过多期地球动力学演化前中生代近E-W向古亚洲构造域的基底阶段,晚三叠世-早侏罗世早期挤压造山阶段,早侏罗世晚期-中侏罗世裂谷盆地阶段,早白垩世太平洋构造域对本区的置换和改造阶段,包括早期的火山-岩浆活动和晚期的伸展断陷盆地作用.  相似文献   

沉积盆地中的流体包裹体：理论基础、图解与分析方法     

JeanDUBESSY 《岩石学报》2004,20(6):1301-1318

本文主要介绍如何利用流体包裹体来获得合理的数据。首先对H2O-体系进行总结，着重介绍利用显微测温法和其他新的分析技术来确定流体的组成，并举例说明流体混合在流体包裹体研究中的应用。介绍了H2O-(气)-盐体系特别是CO2-CH4体系的图解，探讨了在低温下由于笼舍物的形成H2O-(气)-盐体系的复杂相变。重点介绍显微激光拉曼光谱仪在含甲烷水溶液流体中的应用，并根据相图详细讨论了如何确定流体的不混溶。  相似文献   

Preliminary study on the occurrence of geothermal systems in the tectonic compressional regions: an example from the Derman geothermal field in the Biga Peninsula, Turkey     

Zeynel Demirel  Talat Yildirim  Musa Burak 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2004,22(5):495

There are numerous hot springs with temperatures ranging from 30 to 100 °C in Biga peninsula and they occur throughout the peninsula. The result of this study shows that the region is under a tectonic compressional regime. The investigation of the faults and fractures in the region indicates that the region has been affected first by N–S and then E–W compression since the Middle Miocene. Opening fractures and antithetic and synthetic faults due to the compressional movements provide paths for the deep circulation of water. In addition, the tectonic movements, granitic intrusion and volcanic activity have also played important roles as heat sources for the geothermal systems.  相似文献   

The impact of hydrological changes on travertine deposits related to thermal springs in the Pamukkale area (SW Turkey)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dilsiz  Cüneyt  Marques  José Manuel  Carreira  Paula Maria Mimo 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(6):808-817

Pamukkale thermal waters (35 °C), exhibiting calcium-bicarbonate-sulfate composition and high carbon dioxide concentration, are of a predominantly meteoric origin. The meteoric fluid, circulating through faults and fractures, is heated by magmatic intrusions at great depth, and ascends from deep reservoirs to the surface. Mixing with relatively cold groundwater in the near surface zone promotes different saturation conditions with respect to calcium carbonate that later precipitates at depth and/or the surface. Dissolution-deposition processes of calcium carbonate both at surface and depth environments may help to reconstruct past climate direction in the field. During wet climate conditions a high-rate of calcium carbonate accumulation would be expected to occur at the surface because thermal fluid would be under-saturated with respect to calcium carbonate at depth because of a relatively higher mixing ratio with cold groundwater. During dry climate conditions the thermal fluid would be super-saturated at depth because of the highly acidic environment. Hydrometeorological studies reveal that the annual precipitation at the Pamukkale hydrothermal field tends to decrease with time. This climatic change in the area was also detected from geological records. While humid climate conditions prevailed during the late Quaternary, the area has recently been affected by arid/semi-arid climate conditions, followed by some episodic transitions. This study has shown how the system has possibly reacted to different climate conditions since antiquity.  相似文献