On the Coupling Between Channel Level and Surface Ground-Water Flows     

S. N. Antontsev  J. I. Díaz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(8):1511-1530

This paper is devoted to a mathematical analysis of some general models of mass transport and other coupled physical processes developed in simultaneous flows of surface, soil and ground waters. Such models are widely used for forecasting (numerical simulation) of a hydrological cycle for concrete territories. The mathematical models that proved a more realistic approach are obtained by combining several mathematical models for local processes. The water-exchange models take into account the following factors: Water flows in confined and unconfined aquifers, vertical moisture migration allowing earth surface evaporation, open-channel flow simulated by one-dimensional hydraulic equations, transport of contamination, etc. These models may have different levels of sophistication. We illustrate the type of mathematical singularities which may appear by considering a simple model on the coupling of a surface flow of surface and ground waters with the flow of a line channel or river.  相似文献   

华北煤田陷落柱的地下水内循环形成机理——以峰峰矿区为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王经明  刘文生  关永强  王军现  吴燔 《中国岩溶》2007,26(1):11-17

分析了华北型煤田,特别是峰峰矿区陷落柱的发育规律,提出了陷落柱的地下水内部循环形成机理。认为莫霍面抬高和火成岩体产生的地热异常使得奥灰水产生内部对流循环,导致岩溶发育;论证了地热,特别是亚临界和超临界水对CaCO3 溶解的加速作用,认为封闭环境中矽卡岩矿物在形成过程中产生的CO2 和灰岩在热解过程中产生的CO2 造成CO2 分压升高,导致了CaCO3 溶解速度的提高。文章还提出了灰岩内对流散热过程中“烟囱”效应,认为强烈对流区的“火苗”形溶洞进一步发展成为最有利于对流的“烟囱” ,上覆岩层垮落后即形成陷落柱。据此,还解释了陷落柱边缘导水的原因。   相似文献   

Discussion on heat source mechanism and geothermal system of Qinghai Gonghe-Guide Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Wang Bin  LI Bai-xiang  LI Fu-cheng 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(1):86-97

The Qinghai Gonghe-Guide Basin together with the alternatively distributed mountainous region shows characteristics that the conductive geothermal resource of the basin has high geothermal gradient, the granite occurs in the bottom of borehole for geothermal exploration, and the convective hot springs in the basin-edge uplift fracture are in zonal distribution and with high-temperature geothermal water. There are still some divergences about the heat source mechanism of the basin. In this paper, queries to the view of mantle-derived heat source have been put forward, coming up with geochemical evidences to prove that the radiogenic heat of granite is the heat source within the mantle. Additionally, temperature curve is drawn based on the geothermal boring and geochemical geothermometer has been adopted for an estimation of the temperature and depth of the geothermal reservoir, it has been found that the surrounding mountains belong to the medium-temperature geothermal system while the area within the basin belongs to the high-temperature geothermal system with the temperature of borehole bottom reaching up to 175-180 ℃. In this paper, discussions on the problems existing in the calculation of geothermal gradient and the differences generated by the geothermal system have been carried out.  相似文献   

Emerging organic contaminants in coastal waters: Anthropogenic impact,environmental release and ecological risk   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jheng-Jie Jiang  Chon-Lin Lee  Meng-Der Fang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

This study provides a first estimate of the sources, distribution, and risk presented by emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in coastal waters off southwestern Taiwan. Ten illicit drugs, seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), five antibiotics, two blood lipid regulators, two antiepileptic drugs, two UV filters, caffeine, atenolol, and omeprazole were analyzed by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS/MS). Thirteen EOCs were detected in coastal waters, including four NSAIDs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and codeine), three antibiotics (ampicillin, erythromycin, and cefalexin), three illicit drugs (ketamine, pseudoephedrine, and MDMA), caffeine, carbamazepine, and gemfibrozil. The median concentrations for the 13 EOCs ranged from 1.47 ng/L to 156 ng/L. Spatial variation in concentration of the 13 EOCs suggests discharge into coastal waters via ocean outfall pipes and rivers. Codeine and ampicillin have significant pollution risk quotients (RQ > 1), indicating potentially high risk to aquatic organisms in coastal waters.  相似文献   

中国南方现今地热特征   总被引：58，自引：12，他引：46       下载免费PDF全文

袁玉松  马永生  胡圣标  郭彤楼  付孝悦 《地球物理学报》2006,49(4):1118-1126

根据中国南方地温梯度和大地热流的数据各418个,编制了中国南方地温梯度图和中国南方大地热流图,研究了中国南方现今地温梯度分布特征和大地热流分布特征.结果显示,中国南方地温梯度介于782～1625℃/km,平均241℃/km;大地热流变化于22～220 mW/m2之间,平均值为642 mW/m2.东南沿海和滇西南地区为高地温梯度分布区,扬子地块为中－低温地温梯度区.地温梯度不仅与区域热构造背景有关,还显著地受地下水热活动、断裂以及地层热导率影响.中国南方大地热流东部、西南部高,中部低,且异常高值点主要沿板块边界缝合带、深大断裂活动带分布.大地热流与区域构造运动、最后一次热事件发生的时间、岩石圈拉张程度、地壳厚度、壳内高导层埋深等因素具有明显的相关性.  相似文献   

Overview of hydrogeothermics in Spain     

J. A. Cuchí-Oterino  J. Baeza Rodríguez-Caro  C. García de la Noceda-Márquez 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(5):482-487

 Hydrothermic features in Spain have been used since ancient times for therapeutic purposes. At present, the number of spas has decreased notably, although some of them have been restored for aesthetic reasons. From 1970 onwards hydrogeothermic energy started to be used. There are some boreholes and small facilities at several places in Spain, mostly on the Mediterranean coast and near Madrid. The hydrochemistry of spanish thermal groundwaters is directly related to the geological nature of granite and limestones where most important springs are located. Received: 9 November 1998 · Accepted: 11 May 1999  相似文献   

Hydrogeology and geochemistry in the Curuksu (Denizli) hydrothermal field, western Turkey   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. Murat Özler 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(10):1169-1180

 Curuksu is a low temperature hydrothermal system located within the upper sector of the B. Menderes Graben. The hydrologic structure of the Curuksu hydrothermal system is largely controlled by major graben faults where it is characterized by the presence of two thermal reservoirs. One is formed by Paleozoic quartzite, schist and marble units, and the second consists of Pliocene limestone-travertine units. The thermal conditions in the Curuksu region indicate that the regional tectonics and resulting local stress field control low temperatures activity. Temperatures of 30 springs emerging in the study area range between 15 and 55  °C. These springs are classified as cold fresh, warm mineral and thermal waters. Pamukkale, Karahayıt and Honaz springs are steam condensate waters, whereas Curuksu springs are commonly steam-heated waters with respect to the major anion concentrations. The reservoir temperatures have been estimated from chemical compositions by utilizing simultaneously, geothermometers and mixing models. According to these thermometric methods, the most probable subsurface temperature is in the range of 62–90  °C. However, the mixing models suggest a temperature level of 80  °C for the parent water. The system has low total dissolved solid (TDS) of ∼1000–1500 mg/l, which indicate that these waters undergo conductive cooling within the reservoir. Received: 9 September 1999 · Accepted: 14 February 2000  相似文献   

辽河盆地西部凹陷欢-双地区下第三系油田水体系及地球化学场   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱岳年 《沉积学报》2000,18(4):567-572

油田水体系的地球化学场中蕴含着丰富的石油地质学含意,其研究对指导油气勘探和开发有重要的意义。辽河盆地西部凹陷欢-双地区下第三系油田水可划分为六个体系,即:(1)沙四段油田水体系,(2)沙三段下部油田水体系,(3)沙三段中-上部油田水体系,(4)沙二段油田水体系,(5)沙一段油田水体系和(6)东营组油田水体系。虽然这六个体系的油田水均为低矿化度的重碳酸钠型水,但其矿化度和还原系数场不尽相同;这些不同不仅表现在油田水体系之间的地球化学场异常区面积有差异,而且地球化学场异常区位置也有变化。一般认为油田水体系中矿化度场的正异常区和还原系数场的负异常区为有利的油气聚集区和保存区。  相似文献   

泰莱断陷盆地西部地热资源的成因     

江涛  李永庆 《煤田地质与勘探》2000,28(4):34-37

泰莱中—新生代断陷盆地及其周边地区为地热资源的形成准备了良好的储热岩层和保温盖层。通过遥感图像处理和重力、航磁数据处理以及构造岩显微构造分析、断裂新活动调查,确定了断裂的力学性质和深层构造性质以及断裂的继承性、新生性,了解了地下水深循环增温的条件,针对地热形成必须具备的“储”、“盖”、“通”、“源”四大要素进行的分析,说明泰莱断陷盆地蕴藏着丰富的地热资源,为进一步勘探开发提供了依据。   相似文献   

电测深在榆中盆地地热勘查中的应用   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李百祥  李安吉 《甘肃地质》2000,9(1):85-91

:榆中盆地地热异常区 ,处于区域性地热背景之上 ,具有深源热机制。应用电测深推断盆地基底构造、盖层结构 ,其中部断阶带基底隆升 ,断裂构造发育 ,储、盖层具备 ,是地热赋存有利部位。由电测深曲线极小值视电阻率圈定出热异常的范围、导热构造 ,为地热评价、开发提供依据  相似文献