基于高光谱影像数据的戈壁表面砾石粒径定量反演潜力评估     

曹晓阳  穆悦  曹晓明  冯益明 《中国沙漠》2015,35(4):850-856

在新疆哈密境内的噶顺戈壁选取样地,采集不同粒径砾石的光谱数据,分析光谱吸收特征,并利用光谱混合分析技术,以地物光谱为端元从EO-1 Hyperion 高光谱影像中提取了不同粒径的丰度图,分析戈壁表面砾石与高光谱影像的相关关系。结果表明:获取的地物光谱特征显示出粒径的差异对光谱具有明显的影响。所有光谱都展现出在2 250 nm处具有Al–OH 的吸收特性,而且粒径d=41 cm的吸收特性比其他粒径都更显著。而与更小粒径相比,粒径d=53 cm和d=83 cm在480 nm和920 nm处具有较弱的Fe³⁺ 吸收特性。粒径d=0.8 cm(R²=0.637)、d=3.4 cm(R²=0.687)、d=16.3 cm(R² =0.644)及d=41 cm(R²=0.622) 与相应的丰度影像具有显著相关性,而粒径d=53 cm(R²=0.181)和d=83 cm(R²=0.167)与相应的丰度影像相关性不显著。EO-1高光谱影像适用于对戈壁区砾石分布特征的确定,在进一步的研究中将高分辨率影像与高光谱影像相结合,可以提高判别精度。  相似文献   

Hyperconcentrated flows on a forested alluvial fan of eastern Canada: geomorphic characteristics,return period,and triggering scenarios          下载免费PDF全文

Marie‐Audray Ouellet  Daniel Germain 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(14):1876-1887

The assessment of the dominant flow type on alluvial fans usually refers to two categories: debris‐flow fans (i.e. sediment gravity flows) and fluvial fans (i.e. fluid gravity flows). Here we report the results of combined morphometric, stratigraphic and sedimentological approaches which suggest that hyperconcentrated flows, a transitional process rheologically distinct from debris flows and floods and sometimes referred to as debris floods, mud floods, or transitional debris flows, are the dominant fan building process in eastern Canada. These flows produce transitional facies between those of debris flows which consist of a cohesive matrix‐supported diamicton, and those of river flows which display more distinct stratification. The size of the blocks in the channels and the abrasion scars at the base of several trees attest to the high transport capacity of these flows. The fan channels are routed according to various obstacles comprised primarily of woody debris that impede sediment transit. However, these conditions of sediment storage are combined with readily available sediment due to the friable nature of the local lithology. Tree‐ring analysis allowed the reconstruction of eight hydrogeomorphic events which are characterized by a return period of 9.25 years for the period 1934–2008, although most of the analyzed events occurred after 1970. Historical weather data analysis indicates that they were related to rare hydrometeorological events at regional and local scales. This evidence led to the elaboration of weather scenarios likely responsible for triggering flows on the fan. According to these scenarios, two distinct hydrologic regimes emerge: the torrential rainfall regime and the nival regime related to snowmelt processes. Hydrogeomorphic processes occurring in a cold‐temperate climate, and particularly on small forested alluvial fans of north‐eastern North America, should receive more attention from land managers given the hazard they represent, as well as because of their sensitivity to various meteorological parameters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1∶25万玉门镇幅区调修测主要进展及成果          下载免费PDF全文

梁明宏  霍勤知  李海林 《中国地质调查》2014,1(2):7-14

1∶25万玉门镇幅(K47C004001)区域地质调查项目的主要进展如下:敦煌岩群总体为一套孔兹岩系组合,时代厘定为古元古代,从中新解体出了一套浅变质火山岩组合和浅变质细碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩组合,获得了大量微古化石,分别厘定为长城纪铅炉子沟群和蓟县纪平头山组、野马街组。对区内韧性剪切带进行了详细剖析,创新了有限应变测量的技术方法,识别出了敦煌岩群的5次变形事件。通过对昌马洪积扇不同沉积物粒度的统计分析,识别出7次粒度变粗事件,结合大量ESR测年数据,揭示了沉积物粒度突变事件与高原隆升期的必然联系。查明了区内侵入岩的时空分布和演化序列,将侵入岩划分为同源、异源、构造混杂、变质混杂4种类型。  相似文献   

复杂断块油田高分辨率层序地层学及砂体几何学特征——以海塔盆地贝尔凹陷呼和诺仁油田贝301区块南屯组二段为例     

姜洪福  张世广 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(5):1419-1431

准确刻画扇三角洲单期扇体几何形态是破解海塔油田开发的关键地质技术,以高分辨率层序地层学和现代沉积学理论为指导,在海塔盆地贝尔凹陷呼和诺仁油田贝301区块南屯组二段识别出3个长期（LSC）、4个中期（MSC）、6个短期（SSC）、53个超短期（相当于单砂体）基准面旋回,首次建立了海塔盆地已加密开发区块单砂体级高分辨率层序地层格架。沉积微相研究表明,优势砂体发育的水下分流河道、河口坝微相主要发育于可容纳空间较小的SSC3、SSC4及SSC5与SSC6的转换面附近。单期水下分流河道宽厚比为50∶1～200∶1,平均为85∶1;随着基准面的下降,水下分流河道的宽度增大、厚度增厚、宽厚比增大,随着基准面的上升,水下分流河道的宽度变窄、厚度减小、宽厚比减小。河口坝展布面积与其厚度有一定正相关性,一般半径与厚度的比值为60∶1～120∶1,平均为90∶1。本次研究首次实现海塔盆地单砂体级沉积微相工业化制图,精细刻画了主要砂体几何学特征,为综合挖潜提供了一定的地质依据。  相似文献   

数值模拟气流特征和砾石几何参数对床面空气动力学粗糙度的影响     

王晓  张伟民 《中国沙漠》2014,34(4):943-948

本文应用流体计算软件FLUENT6.3,采用非结构化网格划分技术模拟了气流特征和砾石几何参数对床面空气动力学粗糙度的影响。结果表明：空气动力学粗糙度（z₀）与风速（u）、摩阻速度（u_*）之间存在定量关系：z₀=a exp（bu/u_*）。砾石高度对空气动力学粗糙度的影响显著优于砾石直径,空气动力学粗糙度随砾石密度的变化比较复杂,先增加后减小。FLUENT在模拟风洞砾石床面动力学过程中的成功应用,是我们在研究方法上的一次有益尝试。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树剖面八道湾组扇三角洲沉积特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谭程鹏  于兴河  李胜利  许磊  陈彬滔  李顺利  单新 《现代地质》2014,28(1):181-189

在野外露头观察与实测的基础上,运用沉积学与层序地层的相关理论,对准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树剖面八道湾组沉积特征进行了详细研究。该剖面八道湾组为扇三角洲沉积,扇三角洲平原与扇三角洲前缘亚相均比较发育。运用层序地层学中基准面变化的原理,将八道湾组划分为2个长期旋回,并细分为3个中期旋回以及若干短期旋回。总结了露头区八道湾组A/S比值与地层叠加样式之间的响应关系：低A/S比值条件下,易形成连通性好的厚层叠加砂体,沉积微相类型较单一;中A/S比值条件下,易形成单层厚度较薄的、似毯状的、垂向上紧凑叠加的多层状砂体;高A/S比值条件下,泥岩更为发育,而砂体多呈孤立状,呈现厚层泥与薄层砂的沉积特点。通过详细解剖露头剖面八道湾组的沉积特征,最终建立了该区八道湾组扇三角洲沉积模式,为准噶尔盆地南缘扇三角洲油气储层的研究提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

基于多源多时相数据集的喀什市近70a城区空间扩展遥感研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

侯博展  陈蜀江  侯建楠  黄铁成  贾翔 《冰川冻土》2016,38(3):836-844

使用民国34年（1945年）1∶1×10⁴地形图、1968年CORONA影像及近期Landsat5和2015年GE影像数据,使用遥感技术以多元多时相遥感数据融合和GIS挖掘技术为支撑,采用等扇分析法和重心转移矩阵分析了喀什市70a城市空间形态整体扩展特征,各方向上的扩展速度、强度以及空间重心转移的方向、强度。结果表明：1945-2015年间喀什市空间形态经历了带状扩展向团状扩展的转变,城市整体空间扩展强度不断加剧,空间扩展速度呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势,空间重心向东南方向绿洲腹地转移1009m,侵占甚多绿洲耕地,城市空间扩展模式粗放,亟待调整。  相似文献   

Emergent geomorphic–vegetation interactions on a subalpine alluvial fan          下载免费PDF全文

Stuart N. Lane  Laure Borgeaud  Pascal Vittoz 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(1):72-86

Following perturbation, an ecosystem (flora, fauna, soil) should evolve as a function of time at a rate conditioned by external variables (relief, climate, geology). More recently, biogeomorphologists have focused upon the notion of co‐development of geomorphic processes with ecosystems over very short through to very long (evolutionary) timescales. Alpine environments have been a particular focus of this co‐development. However, work in this field has tended to adopt a simplified view of the relationship between perturbation and succession, including: how the landform and ecosystem itself conditions the impact of a perturbation to create a complex spatial response impact; and how perturbations are not simply ecosystem destroyers but can be a significant source of ecosystem resources. What this means is that at the within landform scale, there may well be a complex and dynamic topographic and sedimentological template that co‐develops with soil, flora and fauna. Here, we present and test a conceptual model of this template for a subalpine alluvial fan. We combine detailed floristic inventory with soil inventory, determination of edaphic variables and analysis of historical aerial imagery. Spatial variation in the probability of perturbation of sites on the fan surface was associated with down fan variability in the across‐fan distribution of fan ages, fan surface channel characteristics and fan surface sedimentology. Floristic survey confirmed that these edaphic factors distinguished site floristic richness and plant communities up until the point that the soil–vegetation system was sufficiently developed to sustain plant communities regardless of edaphic conditions. Thus, the primary explanatory variable was the estimated age of each site, which could be tied back into perturbation history and its spatial expression due to the geometry of the fan: distinct plant communities were emergent both across fan and down fan, a distribution maintained by the way in which the fan dissipates potentially perturbing events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不同期次浊积扇体地震沉积学研究——以车西洼陷缓坡带车40-44块沙三上亚段为例     

栗宝鹃  董春梅  林承焰  程俊阳  任丽华  郭威 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(1):65-79

以车西洼陷缓坡带车40-44块沙三上亚段为例,针对研究区浊积扇体"单期厚度难辨、纵向多期叠置,单个形态难识、横向顺势延展"的特点,在井震标定和分频解释共同确定的等时层序地层界限之内,以沉积相模式为指导,采用地震相分析与地层属性切片相结合的方法,对浊积扇体的横向展布形态和纵向演化规律进行描述和刻画,由此达到对不同期次浊积扇体进行精确识别和精细描述的目的。在研究过程中,主要形成以下几点认识:①Es₃1和Es₃4期次顶、底界限由井震结合标定,其等时性可利用分频解释技术确定;②根据地震相的分布位置及特点,发现浊积扇体均分布于同沉积断层下降盘,且"纵向叠置、横向迁移";③通过地层切片与均方根振幅属性相结合分析,刻画出不同期次浊积扇体横向上受地势影响、呈裙带状分布的规律,和纵向上自下而上扇体数量增多且连续性增强的变化规律。  相似文献   

大直径低频运转风机对结构振动影响的研究     

李红星  白国良  赵春莲  李晓文  冉颢  朱丽华 《地震工程与工程振动》2010,30(4)

工业建筑中,由于工艺的需要常布置大量的动力设备,且动力设备与结构相连。某火力发电厂的重要结构,在其钢平台上布置有64台直径为9.14 m的低频运转风机,风机运转频率与结构基频接近。试验设计了该结构包括风机的1/4模型,首先进行动力特性测试,再按照不同工况使风机群按照不同频率运转,测试结构的振动位移反应。分析认为,虽然风机运转引起的结构振动位移绝对值不大,但该动力位移是结构正常工作时频繁出现的,应注意结构的疲劳破坏;风机低频运转对结构的影响要大于高频运转对结构的影响,在实际工程中,风机运转频率接近结构前三阶频率时应跨越。  相似文献