The impact of AIRS atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles on hurricane forecasts: Ike (2008) and Irene (2011)     

Jing Zheng  Jun Li  Timothy J. Schmit  Jinlong Li  Zhiquan Liu 《大气科学进展》2015,32(3):319-335

Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder(AIRS) measurements are a valuable supplement to current observational data, especially over the oceans where conventional data are sparse. In this study, two types of AIRS-retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, the AIRS Science Team product(Sci Sup) and the single field-of-view(SFOV) research product, were evaluated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analysis data over the Atlantic Ocean during Hurricane Ike(2008) and Hurricane Irene(2011). The evaluation results showed that both types of AIRS profiles agreed well with the ECMWF analysis, especially between 200 h Pa and 700 h Pa. The average standard deviation of both temperature profiles was approximately 1 K under 200 h Pa, where the mean AIRS temperature profile from the AIRS Sci Sup retrievals was slightly colder than that from the AIRS SFOV retrievals. The mean Sci Sup moisture profile was slightly drier than that from the SFOV in the mid troposphere. A series of data assimilation and forecast experiments was then conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation system for hurricanes Ike and Irene. The results showed an improvement in the hurricane track due to the assimilation of AIRS clear-sky temperature profiles in the hurricane environment. In terms of total precipitable water and rainfall forecasts, the hurricane moisture environment was found to be affected by the AIRS sounding assimilation.Meanwhile, improving hurricane intensity forecasts through assimilating AIRS profiles remains a challenge for further study.  相似文献   

多种探空仪数据处理显示软件设计     

胡旭东  佘勇  姚振东 《成都信息工程学院学报》2015,30(1):42-47

探空业务可获取30 km高度范围内的温湿压风等气象要素。气象科学研究和高空大气实验中使用的探空仪及探空系统有多种,其数据格式也各不相同,为便于使用和分析数据,需要一套通用的处理显示软件。系统采用可视化编程工具Visual C++进行软件系统的设计,实现多种探空仪数据的统一格式转换,它基于MFC单文档视图结构,利用绘图函数实现探空气象要素的垂直廓线显示,并建立了基于SQL Server 2008的数据库,通过编程实现了对探空数据的存储和查询等功能。  相似文献   

Kinematic evolution of fold-and-thrust belts in the Yubei-Tangbei area:Implications for tectonic events in the southern Tarim Basin     

Yiqiong Zhang  Dengfa He  Bin Wu  Huahua Gao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):46-65

The Yubei-Tangbei area in the southern Tarim Basin is one of the best-preserved Early Paleozoic northeast-southwest trending fold-and-thrust belts within this basin.This area is crucial for the exploration of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in northwestern China.In this study,we constructed the structural geometric morphology of the Yubei-Tangbei area using geophysical logs,drilling,and recent two-and three-dimensional(2-D and 3-D)seismic data.The Early Paleozoic fault-propagation folds,the Tangnan triangle zone,fault-detachment folds,and trishear fault-propagation folds developed with the detachment of the Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt layer.According to a detailed chronostratigraphic framework,the growth strata in the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian layer formed by onlapping the back limb of the asymmetric fault-propagation folds,which therefore defines the timing of deformations.The changes in kink band hinges and amplitudes in the Permian-Carboniferous and Cenozoic folding strata suggest that the evolution of the fold-and-thrust belts followed a sequential evolution process rather than a simultaneous one.Above the pre-existing Precambrian basement structure,the Yubei-Tangbei fold-and-thrust belts can be divided into four tectonic evolution stages:Late Cambrian,Late Ordovician to Early Carboniferous,Carboniferous to Permian,and Cenozoic.The northwestern-verging Cherchen Fault is part of the piedmont fold-and-thrust system of the southern Tarim foreland basin.We interpreted its strata as a breakthrough trishear fault-propagation fold that developed in three phases:Mid-Late Ordovician,Silurian to Middle Devonian,and Triassic to present.These tectonic events are responses of the Altyn-Tagh and Kunlun collisional orogenic belts and the Indian-Eurasian collision.The inherited deformation and structural modification in the southern Tarim Basin may be an indicator of the growth and evolution of peripheral orogens.  相似文献   

雅砻江流域河道高程剖面上的堰塞坝印记     

刘维明  周丽琴  陈晓清  周震  Wolfgang SCHWANGHART  胡旭东  李雪梅  张小刚 《地学前缘》2021,28(2):58-70

堰塞坝会对山区河流的纵剖面产生强烈扰动,在某些情况下,堰塞坝造成的河流纵剖面变陡很容易与构造作用下基准面下降的迁移裂点混淆。然而,在何种程度下堰塞坝会影响基于地貌测量的构造分析还没有系统的研究。因此本文选取青藏高原东缘的雅砻江流域为研究对象,利用遥感影像解译,结合数字高程模型(DEM),来研究堰塞坝对河流纵剖面的影响。通过遥感影像解译和部分野外判识,在雅砻江流域共发现了34个堰塞坝;同时利用TopoToolbox工具包,选用30 m SRTM DEM提取了雅砻江流域河流纵剖面、河流裂点、河流陡峭指数等地貌参数。分析结果表明,有18个堰塞坝与河流裂点在空间上重叠,其中有8个堰塞坝形成高差>100 m的裂点,对河流纵剖面有显著的影响,并发现滑坡坝比泥石流坝对河流纵剖面的影响更大。进一步分析雅砻江主干流及其支流力丘河,发现堰塞坝所在的河段河流陡峭指数相对较大;在排除岩性和断层活动的影响后,发现堰塞作用也能够解释河流裂点的成因。本研究结果指示,在利用DEMs来提取和分析区域构造信息时,必须考虑由堰塞坝引起的河流裂点的影响。  相似文献   

上海罗店-周浦隐伏断裂第四纪活动性综合探测与研究     

张浩  施刚  巫虹  邵磊  宋春华  郁飞 《地质力学学报》2021,27(2):267-279

罗店-周浦断裂是纵贯上海市中心城区重要的北西向隐伏活动断裂,其第四纪活动性对城市地质安全至关重要。通过高精度重力勘探、浅层地震勘探及可控源大地音频电磁测深勘探等地球物理方法,结合钻探联井剖面及光释光年代学测定,对罗店-周浦断裂在区域内的展布特征及第四纪活动性进行了探测与研究。结果表明,该断裂在上海市南部区域仍具有较好的延展性,断裂行迹在重力剖面、可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面及浅层人工地震剖面上都有较好的反映。重力面积测量结果显示该断裂在上海市南部呈现为一组近平行断层行迹;浅层人工地震勘探与钻孔地层联合剖面揭露断层最浅上断点埋深相似（约为200 m）,可控源大地音频电磁测深反映断裂深部特征明显。物探剖面及钻孔联合剖面综合显示,断裂并未明显错断上覆中更新统上部地层,结合光释光年代学标定,认为该断裂最新活动时代为早更新世。罗店-周浦断裂与区内历史地震事件关系密切,目前区域地应力环境为北西向压应力状态,该断裂易于发生张扭性活动,其活动性特征及地震危险性特征需要持续关注。   相似文献   

一种新型的低剖面定向45°线极化水天线     

陈科明  钱雅惠  罗国清 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(1):35-39

本文提出了一款具有高前后比的45°线极化水天线.天线利用电偶极子作为馈电结构,实现了边射的辐射特性.通过减小电偶极子与地板之间的距离,能量被束缚在电偶极子与地板之间,减少了水介质损耗所引起的能量.天线的反射系数在828~873 MHz频段内小于-10 dB.在整个工作频段内,天线的增益在7.73 dBi左右,辐射效率达到了70%以上.  相似文献   

风廓线雷达和雨滴谱仪资料在北京一次弱雨雪天气中的特征分析     

翟亮  黄钰  李梓铭  陈云波  郭金兰  李靖 《干旱气象》2019,37(1):90-96

利用北京市海淀区风廓线雷达、OTT Parsivel 2多功能激光雨滴谱仪和自动气象站观测资料,对2016年11月20日北京一次雨雪天气过程的演变特征进行了初步分析。结果表明:(1)风廓线(低模式)雷达反射率因子与雨滴谱仪反射率因子序列的变化趋势一致。当风廓线雷达反射率因子亮带消失后,雨滴谱反射率因子序列出现先降后升的小幅波动,降水相态转为降雪。(2)降水相态发生雨雪转换时,风廓线雷达谱宽600 m高度分散的大值区减弱并随高度降低后,雨滴谱仪数浓度出现先降后升的小幅度波动。(3)本次弱降水相态转换发生时,风廓线雷达所探测的垂直径向速度变化不明显,而雨滴谱仪降雨强度变化却有明显减弱特征,其雨强由5 mm·h^-1下降至1 mm·h^-1左右,这对临近降水相态变化的监测预报有一定指示意义。  相似文献   

Lunar Subsurface Mineralogy and Density Profile Modelling based on Moon Mineralogy Mapper Observation     

ZHANG Weiji  HU Jingke  YU Hangjie  CAI Shaomin 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(3):1024-1032

The methods of deriving Fe O and Ti O_2 contents from the Clementine spacecraft data were discussed,and an approach was developed to derive the content from the measurements using the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M~3) instrument on Chandrayaan-1.The density of lunar bedrock was then modeled on the basis of the derived Fe O and Ti O_2 abundances.The Fe O and Ti O_2 abundances derived from the M~3 data were compared with the previous results of the Clementine data and were in good agreement.The Fe O abundance data also agreed well with the Lunar Prospector data,which were used as an independent source.The previous Clementine and newly M~3 derived abundances were compared with the laboratory measured Fe O and Ti O_2 contents in the Apollo and Luna returned samples.The Clementine derived Fe O content was systematically 1%–2%lower than the laboratory measurements in all the returned samples.The M~3 derived content agreed well with the returned Apollo samples and was within±2.8%of the laboratory measurements.The Clementine derived Ti O_2abundance was systematically 0.1%–4%higher than the laboratory measurements of the returned samples.The M~3 derived Ti O_2 agreed well (±0.6%) with the laboratory measurements of the returned samples,except for samples with high Ti O_2content.However,these results should be carefully interpreted because the error range requires verification.No error analysis was provided with the previous Clementine derived contents.  相似文献   

综合地物化技术在额仁陶勒盖矿集区地质找矿中的应用—布日罕特银多金属矿点的发现及意义     

赵胜金 《地质与勘探》2018,54(1):121-129

在大兴安岭北段额仁陶勒盖大型银矿外围东部成矿地质条件有利地区开展了地质、激电、高精磁、土壤综合剖面工作,取得了较好的找矿进展。发现了一处规模较大的连续高极化高电阻率异常带,该异常带对应叠加有多元素土壤地球化学异常,综合判断为矿致异常,结合物化探工作及地表工程验证新发现了布日罕特银多金属矿点,并圈定了矿体,判断深部矿化体具有一定规模。通过地质填图工作在额仁陶勒盖大型银矿南部新发现了钼矿化点,综合显示出额仁陶勒盖矿集区有较好的找矿远景。该区的综合地物化找矿方法为大兴安岭北段及相邻地区找矿勘查提供了范例。  相似文献   

珠江口外海域与珠江三角洲晚更新世以来的地层层序对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韦成龙  张珂  余章馨  邱燕 《沉积学报》2015,33(4):713-723

本文综合运用珠江三角洲外南海北部陆架的地震测线和三角洲地区的钻孔资料进行联合解译,获得由浅海至陆地的层序地层剖面,辨识出三角洲地区4套地层层序和南海北部陆架6套地层层序及体系域,前者仅记录了2个沉积旋回和相应的2次海面变化,而后者记录了更多沉积旋回及相应的海平面波动.在海、陆层序对接和对比的基础上,文章重点把南海北部陆架6套地层层序与深海氧同位素阶段MIS6~MIS1进行了对比分析,认为珠江三角洲下旋回与南海北部陆架层序D相当,珠江三角洲下旋回对应着南海北部陆架MIS6~MIS5(距今15万年~8万年)时代的层序地层,MIS4~MIS2末次冰期低海面时期的三角洲沉积位于现今南海北部陆架之上,并未向北延伸到现代珠江三角洲地区.珠江三角洲和南海北部陆架的下沉都是南海陆缘扩张的表现.  相似文献