偏压固结下碱渣土循环累积孔压及强度弱化规律研究     

王元战  龚晓龙  王轩  陈艳萍  谢涛 《岩土力学》2023,(2):373-380

碱渣是氨碱法制纯碱时排出的固体废弃物,经适当的加固处理后作为工程填垫土可以有效解决占地和污染问题。碱渣土的力学性质不稳定,在循环荷载作用下强度会发生明显弱化,导致承载力大幅降低。以天津港地区回填碱渣土为研究对象,开展了系列动三轴试验,以固结围压、动应力比和偏压固结比为试验变量,研究了不同应力组合下碱渣土中循环累积孔压发展规律以及循环后碱渣土不排水强度演化规律。基于等效超固结模型,引入强度弱化系数β,建立了考虑偏压固结比和动应力比影响的碱渣土循环强度弱化模型;引入强度提升系数α,建立了考虑偏压固结过程和循环加载过程耦合影响的碱渣土强度演化模型,并通过试验数据验证了模型的正确性。  相似文献   

A field experimental study on recolonization and succession of subtidal macrobenthic community in sediment contaminated with industrial wastes     

Lu L  Wu RS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(2):195-205

A field experiment was carried out in Hong Kong to study the patterns of recolonization and succession of subtidal macrobenthos in defaunated sediment contaminated with industrial wastes and to determine the time required for benthic recovery in the industrial-contaminated sediment. A total of 50 species was found with an average of 172 animals/tray and 24 species/tray recorded one month after deployment. Initial colonizers were predominantly polychaetes (96 animals/tray, accounting for 55.7%) and gastropods (47 animals/tray, accounting for 27.2%). Abundance of macrobenthos increased quickly to a peak (505 animals/tray) after four months, declined afterwards, and increased again till the end of the experiment. Species number peaked (57 species/tray) in the same month as abundance did, and gradually declined thereafter. Abundance, species number and diversity were significantly lower in the industrial-contaminated sediment as compared to the controls during the early successional stages, indicating the harmful effects of industrial wastes on recolonization and succession of macrobenthos. Although no significant differences in community parameters between the industrial-contaminated and the control sediments were found after eleven months, significant difference in species composition still existed after fourteen months, showing a relatively long-term impact of industrial wastes on macrobenthic community structure.  相似文献   

Subsurface geology of Louisiana hazardous waste landfills: A case study     

J. S. Hanor 《Environmental Geology》1995,26(2):97-106

Many hazardous waste sites in the south Louisiana Gulf Coast have been emplaced in sediments of Plio-Pleistocene to Recent age. Because of the fining upward nature of these regressive-transgressive fluvial-deltaic sequences and the purported confining capabilities of the shallow clay layers within them, this area would seem to be ideal for the location of surface waste landfills. However, detailed geologic mapping at a site in southeastern Louisiana documents how the three-dimensional distribution of sediment types and early diagenetic features, both of which were ultimately controlled by depositional history, can increase effective vertical permeability of finegrained sequences. Many bodies of sand that appear to be isolated in standard geotechnical cross sections can be shown to be part of spatially complex three-dimensional distributary networks, with fine-grained sediments representing overbank and backswamp deposits. Some clay layers are actually a composite of thinner clay beds, each subjected to subaerial exposure and the development of secondary porosity related to soil formation. There has been documented leakage of wastes down through the clays, and a recent study indicates that the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the clay layers exceeds 10^–5 cm s^–1, or from one to four orders of magnitude higher than values measured on samples from cores of the same sediment. An understanding of the depositional framework, facies architecture, and diagenetic history of geologic materials underlying waste disposal sites in Louisiana is required for rational development of monitoring and remediation plans.  相似文献   

平顶山矿区煤矸石特征及综合利用途径   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘大锰  葛宝勋 《矿物学报》1993,13(4):374-381

在查明平顶山矿区煤矸石占地面积、矸石积存量及年排矸量的基础上，作者系统地采集了全矿区井上和井下煤矸石样品，进行了化学分析、工业分析、光谱分析、Ｘ射线衍射、岩矿鉴定和扫描电镜测定。查明了本矿区煤矸石的成分、矿物及微量元素特征。并指出了各类矸石可资进行综合利用的途径。  相似文献   

Changes in groundwater chemistry due to metallurgical activities in an alluvial aquifer in the Moa area (Cuba)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

R.?RodríguezEmail author  L.?Candela 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(1):71-82

The aim of this work is to evaluate the changes in groundwater chemistry in an alluvial aquifer in the Moa area. Surface and ground water, metallurgical waste and various geological material samples were collected in order to evaluate groundwater composition. The results show that the alluvial aquifer is polluted with SO₄^2-, Mg²⁺and heavy metals. According to its major components in the alluvial aquifer, two types of groundwater are identified: magnesi-bicarbonated and sulphate-magnesic. Maximum SO₄^2– and Mg²⁺ contents are more than 1000 mg/L, and are four times higher than the acceptable levels for human consumption of water. The high values of Cr(VI), Ni(II), Mn(II) Fe_(total), SO₄^2– and Mg²⁺ in alluvial aquifers are due to polluted recharge from metallurgical waste from the tailing dam. This recharge is favoured by the preferential flow due to desiccation cracks in metallurgical waste. Geochemical modelling showed that potentially toxic heavy metals might exist largely in the forms of MSO₄^2– and M²⁺ in pore water of SAL metallurgical waste. All samples were supersaturated in goethite and hematite. Results from batch testing indicate that the heavy metals have two origins: natural, due to the existing ultramaphic rocks and laterites, and anthropogenic, by metallurgical waste rich in sulphate and (oxy)hydroxide minerals. These results highlight the need to locate and evaluate a new water source to supply the population of the city of Moa.  相似文献   

Open burning of wastes as the source of environmental contamination by POPs     

Sergey V. Kakareka Tamar I. Kukharchyk 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):177-178

In the paper the procedure for and results of a test study of a few persistent organic pollutants - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH）, polychlorinated biphenyls （PCB） and hexachlorobenzene （HCB） emission from the open burning of different types of wastes （domestic wastes, agricultural debris, landscape cleating debris, etc.） are discussed. The open burning of agricultural debris and landscape-clearing debris is widely applied in rural areas and small towns and in allotment gardens for the recovery of that part of wastes that can not be utilized for compost preparation. This process is most typical during the autumn season and to a lesser degree during spring. Burning occurs usually in bon fires. Burning modes differ depending on the volume of material burnt, the waste moisture content, the weather conditions, etc. During this process part of domestic wastes （polluted wood, paper, chipboard, films, plastics, etc.） are burned also. Investigations included the collection and preparation of combustible material, the simulation of open burning processes, particulate and gas emission sampling, chemical analysis of sample and data processing. Sampling procedures and sample preparation were agreeable to the emission sampling standards. The aerosol and vapour phases of POPs were collected by ordinary sampling train with pumping of waste gases through filter and solid sorbent （polyurethane foam）. For the measurements of PAH in emission, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used which make it possible to identify and determine 16 PAH compounds in the samples; this method was used for HCB determination also. Gas chromatography with ECD detector was used for PCB measurement. It was detected that the levels of PAH emission from wastes uncontrolled burning of wastes vary greatly. Influencing factors are composition and properties of refuse, temperature and mode of burning, level air supply. Generally, the increase of content of wood leads to the increase of PAH in emission. PAH emission also increased with increasing temperature of burning. The highest PAH values are characteristic of emissions from domestic refuse burning. Practically, all naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene （from 60% to 100% of their total mass） and fluorene （14%-99%） were emitted in gaseous form.  相似文献   

矿山固体废物的环境效应研究进展及大冶铜绿山尾矿的环境效应   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

王亚平  鲍征宇  王苏明 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1998,(2)

矿山固体废物的环境效应研究进展及大冶铜绿山尾矿的环境效应王亚平鲍征宇王苏明（中国地质大学,武汉４３００７４）（山西地勘局水文勘查院,太原０３００２４））关键词矿山固体废物尾矿环境效应大冶铜绿山矿山的环境效应主要是指固体废物的污染。固体废物的污染已经成...  相似文献   

Potential radionuclide transport pathways from seafloor dumpsites: Kamchatka region of the North Pacific Ocean     

Mark D. Morehead  Robin D. Muench  Robert Bacastow  Richard K. Dewey 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,35(7-12):353-364

Encapsulated nuclear waste materials, dumped by Russia, are present at two deepwater seafloor locations in the offshore north-west Pacific Ocean, south-east of the Kamchatka Peninsula. This paper assesses potential pathways by which these wastes might, if released from their containers, disperse away from the dumpsites and through the surrounding ocean. A review of large-scale ocean circulation theory and of field and model results suggests that mean abyssal currents are north-eastward to eastward from the dumpsite locations and would advect leaking materials toward the north-eastern Pacific. Results of advective and diffusive horizontal plume transport models are consistent with this sense of flow. Trajectory speeds are, however, subject to considerable uncertainty. Our results suggest that as little as 5 years or as long as 100 years might be required for material to be transported from the dump sites to the north-east Pacific. Dilution by 4 or 5 orders of magnitude is predicted during this transit. Vertical mixing or upwelling are necessary in order to transport contaminants upward from north-east Pacific abyssal waters to the near-surface layers before they can potentially impact productive coastal regions, such as those off Alaska. Information concerning such upwelling mechanisms is inadequate for estimation of rates or to identify geographical areas that might be at risk.  相似文献   

试论人为矿床开发利用     

刘家仁 《贵州地质》2006,23(2):142-146

本文介绍了人为矿床的概念和研究概况,论述了人为矿床的分类、特征及开发利用的意义、优势、工作重点和难点。文章指出:人为矿床就是人类活动所产生的可以进行规模化利用而现在仍被视为“废弃物”的各种物质;人为矿床大多具有污染源和资源的双重属性,开发利用人为矿床是治理环境污染的釜底抽薪之法,开发利用人为矿床可以收到经济和环保的双重效益;人为矿床具有活动性和增生性,是真正“取之不尽用之不竭”的矿床,开发利用人为矿床,是发展循环经济的重要途径;人为矿床的分布与人类活动区域相关、赋存状态迥异于自然矿床、物质成分十分复杂;人为矿床具有可人为控制的特性;开发利用人为矿床,需要进行广泛的社会动员。  相似文献   

大亚湾石化区危化品陆源泄漏的海洋环境风险分析及防范对策研究     

张翠萍  马正波  王平  贾后磊  郑舒  舒勰俊  冉娟  冼宪恒 《海洋湖沼通报》2018,(1):66-74

大亚湾石化工业区为广东省政府列为5个重点发展的石油化工基地之一。本研究选取石化区2种具有代表性的危险化学品原油和苯的陆源泄漏入海进行风险数值模拟分析。研究结果显示,风向与潮流动力条件叠加的最不利状况下,苯泄漏量比原油更大,但48h内扩散范围比原油扩散面积小。主要与泄漏点位置有关,泄漏点处水动力条件较强和油膜经过区潮流东西分流较大是造成原油扩散路径和范围明显增大的原因。危化品油膜扩散至养殖区的最快时间为2小时22分,到达水产资源保护区的中部核心区的最快时间为12h,到达霞涌-稔山旅游休闲娱乐区的最快时间为13h。为降低对大亚湾水产资源的影响损失,相关部门应在2h内进行应急救援,降低生态环境损害。提出以控制陆源污染、降低事故概率、减轻事故后果和对大亚湾敏感目标等的风险防范对策和建议。  相似文献