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41.
André Francisco Pilon 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(2):337-345
For the diagnosis and prognosis of the problems of quality of life, a multidisciplinary ecosystemic approach encompasses four
dimensions of being-in-the-world, as donors and recipients: intimate, interactive, social and biophysical. Social, cultural
and environmental vulnerabilities are understood and dealt with, in different circumstances of space and time, as the conjugated
effect of all dimensions of being-in-the-world, as they induce the events (deficits and assets), cope with consequences (desired
or undesired) and contribute for change. Instead of fragmented and reduced representations of reality, diagnosis and prognosis
of cultural, educational, environmental and health problems considers the connections (assets) and ruptures (deficits) between
the different dimensions, providing a planning model to develop and evaluate research, teaching programmes, public policies
and field projects. The methodology is participatory, experiential and reflexive; heuristic-hermeneutic processes unveil cultural
and epistemic paradigms that orient subject-object relationships; giving people the opportunity to reflect on their own realities,
engage in new experiences and find new ways to live better in a better world. The proposal is a creative model for thought
and practice, providing many opportunities for discussion, debate and development of holistic projects integrating different
scientific domains (social sciences, psychology, education, philosophy, etc.).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
| André Francisco PilonEmail: |
42.
全球环境变化与技术经济范式变革对“经济-环境”关系产生深刻影响,但资源环境议题自20世纪80年代以来逐渐淡出全球经济地理研究的视野。2000年以来,环境经济地理逐渐兴起并对此进行反思,但其发展仍处于混沌状态。中国经济地理学科自身的人地关系传统和国家发展的探索与实践,为环境经济地理理论与实践创造了理想条件。环境经济地理并非全新的领域,其可从经济地理理论出发拓展对“经济-环境”关系的认识,据此提出3组研究主题：① 重新认识经济活动的区位,理解变化中的资源环境如何作用于传统与新兴经济活动;② 建立对不同地理尺度下要素流动和主体互动的认知,理解资源环境风险如何在各类关系网络中传递,又将如何重塑各类关系网络;③ 考察多主体在多区域之间、多层级制度背景下的相互作用,理解绿色创新与转型的过程,实现对“经济-环境”关系在不同发展场景下协同演化的认识。 相似文献
43.
吉林西部地区高砷地下水砷的阈值分析及风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高砷地下水导致的砷中毒是吉林西部地区近年来新发现的地方病。为评价饮用水中砷对人体健康产生的潜在危害,在野外调查、采样分析的基础上,开展了水砷安全阈值分析 ,确定了砷的总质量浓度0.05 mg/L为研究区的水砷安全阈值,建立了地下水健康风险评价模型,进行了地下水砷健康风险评价。结果表明:研究区地下水砷引起的个人年均风险度最高达2.11×10-3 a-1,其中高砷的第四系承压水中97.06%的采样点水砷对人体的个人年均致癌风险度,大于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值5.0×10-5 a-1;作为备用水源的第三系大安组、泰康组承压水69.57%采样点砷的致癌风险度也超过最大可接受风险水平。通过对风险度评价结果与砷中毒病情等资料的对比分析,风险评价结果与砷中毒病情基本一致,验证了评价结果的合理性。 相似文献
44.
The physico‐chemical characteristics and microbial composition of the final effluents of two municipal wastewater treatment plants in South Africa were assessed between July and September 2009. The impact of the treated final effluents on the receiving water bodies was also evaluated. The temperature across all sampling points ranged between 14 and 22°C, while pH varied from 6.9 to 7.6. High levels of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphate (PO4) were observed in many cases. Turbidity of the samples was in the range of 2.2–288.6 NTU. The concentrations (mg/L) of other physico‐chemical parameters are as follows: COD (9.33–289); ammonia (0.000340–45.4); nitrate (0.062–539); nitrite (0.021–22.6); PO4 (5.3–33.2). The microbial quality of the effluents discharged from the plants did not comply with the limits set by the South African guidelines with respect to pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, total coliform, faecal coliform, enterococci, faecal streptococci, and viral particles for effluents intended for discharge into receiving watersheds. This study revealed an undesirable impact on the physico‐chemical and microbial qualities of the receiving water bodies as a result of the discharge of inadequately treated effluents from the wastewater treatment facilities. This poses a health risk to several rural communities which rely on the receiving water bodies primarily as their sources of domestic water and recreational purposes. There is therefore a need for the intervention of appropriate regulatory agencies in South Africa to ensure compliance of treatment facilities with wastewater effluent quality standards. 相似文献
45.
Sunil K. Jha 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(12):1392-1400
The geochemical characteristics and the spatial distribution of the fluoride were studied in the soils of Indo‐Gangetic plains using multivariate analysis. The fluoride (F) distribution in soil profiles and surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were studied. It was found that total fluoride (TF) in the profiles ranged from 248 to 786 mg kg?1 with a mean of 515.1 mg kg?1 whereas CaCl2 extractable soluble fluoride (FCa) was found to be in the range of 1.68 to 99.1 mg F kg?1 soil. On the other hand, in surface soils, the TF and FCa ranged from 118 to 436 mg kg?1 with a mean of 251.2 mg kg?1 and 1.01 to 5.05 mg kg?1 with a mean of 2.12 mg kg?1, respectively, in the study area. The principal component analysis revealed that the natural weathering of fluoride bearing rock and minerals, various ion‐exchange and dissolution processes in the soil, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and clay contents of the soil are responsible for high fluoride occurrence in the area. The fluoride contamination index developed by using these factors could explain more than 76% variance of F contamination due to FCa in soils. The interpolated kriged map of FCa in surface soil indicated a distinct loop of 1.0–2.0, 2.0–3.0, 3.0–4.0, and >4.0 mg kg?1. 相似文献
46.
47.
Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) has been proved to be effective in the degradation of environmental pollutants and exhibits advantages in the removal of 1‐(2‐chlorobenzoyl)‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl) urea (CCU), an analog of diflubenzuron. This present study focused on the influence of surfactants in the degradation procedure with NZVI in order to provide a simple and rapid removal method for CCU. Triton X‐100, Tween 20, Tween 80, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were investigated under anaerobic conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that the degradation rate increased sharply with the presence of SD during the first 15 min, up to 99.97% with addition of 0.01 g L?1 SDS, whereas the presence of Triton X‐100, Tween 80, and Tween 20 resulted in a slight enhancement of the degradation of CCU. The enhancement strength of them was in the order Tween 20, Triton X‐100, and Tween 80. However, addition of the cationic surfactant CTAB resulted in a significant inhibitive effect. In contrast, the mixed surfactants did not result in the expected performance, and the performance was lower than that using some certain single surfactant among the mixed surfactants. 相似文献
48.
Marine plastic pollution is caused by humans and has become ubiquitous in the marine environment. Despite the widely acknowledged ecological consequences, the scientific evidence regarding detrimental human health impacts is currently debated, and there is no substantive evidence surrounding public opinion with respect to marine plastic pollution and human health. Results from a 15-country survey (n = 15,179) found that both the European and Australian public were highly concerned about the potential human health impacts of marine plastic pollution, and strongly supported the funding of research which aims to better understand its health/wellbeing implications. Multi-level modelling revealed that these perceptions varied across socio-demographic factors (e.g. gender), political orientation, marine contact factors (e.g. marine occupation and engagement in coastal recreation activities) and personality traits (e.g. openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness). Quantifying attitudes, as well as understanding how individual-level differences shape risk perception will enable policy makers and communicators to develop more targeted communications and initiatives that target a reduction in marine plastic pollution. 相似文献
49.
The activities of 210Po and 210Pb were determined in commonly consumed seafoods to evaluate the internal exposure and risk to humans residing Kudankulam coast where a mega nuclear power plant is under construction. The concentration of 210Po in seafoods ranged from 1.2 ± 0.7 to 248 ± 8.1 Bq kg−1. Meanwhile, 210Pb ranged between 1.1 ± 0.05 and 14.8 ± 1.6 Bq kg−1. The committed effective dose (CED) due to 210Po and 210Pb varied from 11.04 to 515.6 and 3.93 to 23.5 μSv yr−1, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk for the public due to 210Po was in the range of 3.47 × 10−5-1.62 × 10−3 and it was 4.03 × 10−5-1.96 × 10−4 due to 210Pb. The activity intake, effective dose and cancer risk was found lesser than international guidelines and the seafood intake was considered to be safe for human consumption. 相似文献
50.