The volcanic history of Volcán Alcedo,Galápagos Archipelago: A case study of rhyolitic oceanic volcanism     

Dennis Geist  Keith A. Howard  A. Mark Jellinek  Scott Rayder 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1994,56(4):243-260

Volcán Alcedo is one of the seven western Galápagos shields and is the only active Galápagos volcano known to have erupted rhyolite as well as basalt. The volcano stands 4 km above the sea floor and has a subaerial volume of 200 km³, nearly all of which is basalt. As Volcán Alcedo grew, it built an elongate domal shield, which was partly truncated during repeated caldera-collapse and partial-filling episodes. An outward-dipping sequence of basalt flows at least 250 m thick forms the steepest (to 33°) flanks of the volcano and is not tilted; thus a constructional origin for the steep upper flanks is favored. About 1 km³ of rhyolite erupted late in the volcano's history from at least three vents and in 2–5 episodes. The most explosive of these produced a tephra blanket that covers the eastern half of the volcano. Homogeneous rhyolitic pumice is overlain by dacite-rhyolite commingled pumice, with no stratigraphic break. The tephra is notable for its low density and coarse grain size. The calculated height of the eruption plume is 23–30 km, and the intensity is estimated to have been 1.2x10⁸ kg/s. Rhyolitic lavas vented from the floor of the caldera and from fissures along the rim overlie the tephra of the plinian phase. The age of the rhyolitic eruptions is 120 ka, on the basis of K-Ar ages. Between ten and 20 basaltic lava flows are younger than the rhyolites. Recent faulting resulted in a moat around part of the caldera floor. Alcedo most resently erupted sometime between 1946 and 1960 from its southern flank. Alcedo maintains an active, transient hydrothermal system. Acoustic and seismic activity in 1991 is attributed to the disruption of the hydrothermal system by a regional-scale earthquake.  相似文献   

西藏多龙矿集区发现早白垩世流纹岩夹层   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王伟  李才  范建军  吴浩  许伟 《地质通报》2016,35(8):1255-1262

继西藏冈底斯成矿带之后,新近探明的具有超大型远景的典型斑岩型铜金矿区——多龙矿集区地处西藏改则县西北部,班公湖-怒江缝合带北缘多不扎地区。早先西藏1∶25万物玛幅区调工作对多龙矿集区做过详细调查,填补了该缝合带北部研究的空白。近来区域地质调查发现,该区原先厘定的下侏罗统曲色组内出露早白垩世流纹岩夹层。流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为118.8±1.4Ma,表明该套夹火山岩沉积地层的形成时代为早白垩世。这一发现补充了南羌塘早白垩世岩浆活动记录,为研究多龙矿集区成矿地质背景和班公湖-怒江洋演化提供了重要线索。初步研究认为,在中生代增生杂岩广泛出露的多龙矿集区,该套地层很可能代表一套早白垩世增生杂岩,同时也可能是同时期区域伸展环境下重沉积的产物。  相似文献   

Palaeoproterozoic A-type magmatism in northern Wuyishan terrane,Southeast China: petrogenesis and tectonic implications     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):773-786

ABSTRACT

In this article we present zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of the Longzhu rhyolite porphyry from the Cathaysia Block, Southeast China to constrain its petrogenesis and provide insights into the early Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Cathaysia Block. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of a representative sample yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb age of 1819 ± 16 Ma, interpreted as the crystallization age of the Longzhu rhyolite porphyry. Zircons from this sample have ε_Hf(t) values ranging from – 8.4 to – 2.2 and T^Hf_DM2 model ages from 2.76 to 2.46 Ga. The whole-rock Nd isotopic data from the Longzhu rhyolite porphyries yield ε_Nd(t) values spanning – 6.3 to – 4.7 and T^Nd_DM2 model ages from 2.81 to 2.69 Ga. The rhyolite porphyries have geochemical features similar to those of the typical A-type granites (rhyolites), with high SiO₂, total alkali contents and FeO^t/MgO ratios, and low CaO and MgO contents. Additionally, the rhyolite porphyries have high total rare earth element concentrations (627 ~ 760 ppm), high (La/Yb)_N values (14.5 ~ 26.9), strongly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.28 ~ 0.41), and display enrichments of Rb, Ga, Th, and U and depletions of Sr, Nb, Ta, Eu, and Ti. The geochemical and Nd-Hf isotopic features suggest that the Palaeoproterozoic Longzhu rhyolite porphyries were generated by partial melting of source rocks similar to those of the Badu Complex in an intra-plate extensional setting. The results from this study, when combined with existing geochronological data, further demonstrate that the Palaeoproterozoic rocks of Wuyishan terrane probably represent a remnant of the Columbia supercontinent.  相似文献   

内蒙古西乌旗地区大石寨组火山岩时代及地球化学特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

樊航宇  李明辰  张全  黄猛  张晓飞  李继军 《地质通报》2014,33(9):1284-1292

西乌旗地区大石寨组火山岩以流纹岩为主,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测定结果及全岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果表明,本区流纹岩的年龄为280.3Ma±1.4Ma,形成于早二叠世;大石寨组火山岩属高钾过铝质钙碱性火山岩,其中SiO2、K2O、Al2O3含量均较高。稀土元素配分曲线总体向右缓倾斜,轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素富集,Eu呈明显的负异常,重稀土元素亏损不明显。Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素富集明显,Ba表现为弱亏损,高场强元素具有明显的Ta、Sr、P及Ti亏损,Zr、Hf相对富集。研究认为,该地区流纹岩可能是由玄武岩、安山岩等中基性火山岩分离结晶作用形成的,且形成的构造环境为大陆边缘弧。  相似文献   

Multi-Elemental Analysis of ATHO-G Rhyolitic Glass (MPI-DING Reference Material) by Femtosecond and Nanosecond LA-ICP-MS: Evidence for Significant Heterogeneity of B,V, Zn,Mo, Sn,Sb, Cs,W, Pt and Pb at the Millimetre Scale     

Anastassia Y. Borisova  Rémi Freydier  Mireille Polvé  Klaus Peter Jochum  Frederic Candaudap 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2010,34(3):245-255

This paper reports on the application of variants of LA-ICP-MS – including infrared femtosecond laser ablation (fs-LA) inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) and nanosecond laser ablation (ns-LA) coupled with single-collector sector-field (SF-) ICP-MS – to the in situ determination of trace elements in different splits of the reference material (RM) ATHO-G (MPI-DING). Analyses of the materials performed by fs- and ns-LA-ICP-MS demonstrated the efficiency of the techniques with typical accuracy at a level of ≤ ± 20%. One ‘anomalous’ split, however, displayed a significant discrepancy from the reference concentrations for B, V, Zn, Mo, Sn, Sb, Cs, W and Pb. Three- to six-fold enrichment of V, Mo, Cs and Pt relative to the reference contents in this split is likely to have been due to direct contact of the silicate melt with Pt crucible walls and ceramics. Boron, Zn, Sn, Sb, W and Pb depletion relative to the reference concentrations is probably due to siderophile element adsorption by the Pt walls and/or related to the formation of volatile-depleted compositional cords during the preparation process. Our results imply that additional precautions should be taken against volatile/siderophile element heterogeneity in marginal/surface layers (≤ 10 mm) during the preparation of RMs by the fusion technique.  相似文献   

阿拉善地块北缘朱拉扎嘎毛道晚二叠世火山岩的发现   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

包创  陈岳龙  李大鹏 《地学前缘》2012,19(5):156-163

研究区位于阿拉善地块北部的朱拉扎嘎毛道地区,根据前人研究,该区还未发现火山岩出露。通过对朱拉扎嘎毛道地区的岩石样品野外观察和室内薄片鉴定,确定该区存在球粒流纹岩。该套球粒流纹岩玻璃质含量较高,约75%,玻璃质呈球粒状,有脱玻化现象,其中还包含大量自形程度较高的长石颗粒,可能表明球粒流纹岩在喷发之前捕获有围岩成分。锆石U Pb年龄表明,该套球粒流纹岩的主要喷发时间为晚二叠世。根据LuHf同位素组成,U Pb年龄为240~325 Ma的锆石,εHf(t)全为负值(-39.2~-13.0),且模式年龄远远大于U Pb年龄,表明形成这套球粒流纹岩的岩浆来源于古老地壳再循环。而研究区位于华北板块西部块体的北缘,所以该套球粒流纹岩是由华北板块西部块体北缘的古老地壳物质再循环产生。  相似文献   

大兴安岭南端红山子盆地流纹岩的成因:元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素制约   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

巫建华  解开瑞  祝洪涛  吴仁贵  刘帅 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(6):1724-1739

红山子晚侏罗世早期火山盆地位于西拉木伦河-长春缝合带以南、康宝-围场-赤峰-开原断裂带以北的辽源地块,其中赋存铀钼矿床的流纹岩为肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩。为了查明流纹岩的物质来源和形成的构造背景,本文分析了流纹岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。分析结果显示：流纹岩具有高SiO₂、K₂O和Fe₂O₃/FeO值,低Al₂O₃、CaO和MgO的特征,肉红色流纹岩比灰白色流纹岩的SiO₂含量略低、（K₂O+Na₂O）含量高和Fe₂O₃/FeO值略高;肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩均有较高的稀土含量,明显富集轻稀土,显著亏损铕;高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ce、Y、Ga和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U的含量较高,但大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr的含量低且变化较大,具有A₁型流纹岩、低Sr-Ba流纹岩和板内拉张构造流纹岩的微量元素特征;具有较小的（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i、较高的ε_Nd（t）、较年轻的T_DM2和较低的（²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i、（²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i、（²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i,指示流纹岩是源于EMⅠ富集地幔的中元古代年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,并在岩浆过程中经历了结晶分异。肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩的差异可能与年轻下地壳物质的成分差异有关。  相似文献   

赣南版石-蔡坊火山岩年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素特征及其地质意义     

岑涛  李武显  陶继华  赵希林  邢光福 《大地构造与成矿学》2017,41(5):933-949

赣南版石和蔡坊盆地流纹质火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为129.2±2.3 Ma和138.0±2.4 Ma。综合报道的同时期火山岩年龄,可以确定武夷山西缘发育的早白垩世火山岩形成时限大约在145~130 Ma。版石和蔡坊火山岩SiO_270%,属于高硅流纹质岩石,具有较低的Fe_2O_3~t/MgO比值(平均值10),富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损中-重稀土元素,具显著的Eu负异常(δEu=0.06~0.20),类似于湿冷氧化性流纹岩,可能由来自交代岩石圈地幔的富钾岩浆结晶分异形成。湿冷氧化性的版石和蔡坊流纹质火山岩在武夷山西缘出现,并没有扩展到华南内陆,很可能表明古太平洋俯冲对华南地幔的影响范围主要位于武夷山西缘及其以东地区。  相似文献   

河北围场御道口盆地流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义     

巫建华  宋凯  牛子良  郭恒飞  刘帅 《地质通报》2019,38(7):1191-1205

对河北省围场县御道口盆地流纹岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,结果表明,盆地内流纹岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为155.2±2.0Ma,属于晚侏罗世早期岩浆活动的产物,与辽源地块新民组和燕山陆內造山带髫髻山组的地质时代一致。流纹岩分为灰白色流纹岩和肉红色流纹岩2种,均具有较高的SiO2、K2O、Al2O3含量和低的CaO、MgO含量,属高钾钙碱性系列,肉红色流纹岩的K2O/Na2O和Fe2O3/FeO值略高于灰白色流纹岩。流纹岩的稀土元素总量较高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,负Eu异常明显,具右倾轻稀土元素富集型稀土元素配分曲线特征;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Ga、Y和高场强元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta,亏损大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,具有A2型花岗岩和低Sr-Ba流纹岩的微量元素特征,具有较高的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i值(0.708606~0.711171)、较低的εNd(t)值(-9.78~-7.11)、相对年轻的TDM2(1520~1737Ma)和较低的(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)t、(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)t、(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)t值,在εNd(t)-(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i图解上投影点位于下地壳和亏损地幔之间,在(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)t-(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)t和(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)t-(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)t图解上投影点位于下地壳和地幔之间,指示流纹岩可能是DMM型(亏损型)地幔岩浆、EMⅠ富集地幔岩浆和少量古老下地壳物质混合形成的年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物。御道口盆地流纹岩的锶-钕-铅同位素特征与内蒙古基底隆起带的长英质火山-侵入岩基本一致,也与燕山陆內造山带的长英质火山-侵入岩相似,但不同于辽源地块的长英质火山-侵入岩。  相似文献   

安徽省贵池铺庄金矿地质特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈国光  应祥熙 《地球学报》2002,23(3):213-216

铺庄金矿是近几年在铜陵－贵池成矿带中发现具有较大找矿前景的独立斑岩型金矿床。硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化流纹斑岩型金矿是本矿的主要金矿类型。文中着重介绍铺庄金矿的地质背景、矿化特征、矿石类型，并对其成因作初步探讨。  相似文献