鄂尔多斯盆地长武探区三叠系延长组沉积体系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵先超  田景春  王峰  肖玲 《安徽地质》2008,18(1):1-7

在对研究区钻井岩芯观察和录井资料以及测试分析资料的基础上,对长武地区三叠统延长组沉积体系的类型进行了系统深入的研究,结果表明:长武地区延长组主要发育辫状河、辫状河三角洲和湖泊三种沉积体系。辫状河三角洲主要由辫状河三角洲平原、前缘和前辫状河三角洲三种亚相组成。详细讨论了不同沉积体系的特征,进而讨论了不同沉积体系平面展布。在上述基础上建立了沉积模式。  相似文献   

一种非凸包边界约束不规则三角网生成算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘永和  王润怀  齐永安 《测绘科学》2008,33(3):79-81

数字高程模型(DEM)模拟的大多数地形区域是多种类型区域镶嵌而成的复合体,且子区域的边界一般为非凸多边形,即三角网受到边界的约束。而目前已有的各种Delaunay三角网构网算法生成的不规则三角网的边界都是区域内采样点集的凸包,不能表达复合区域和边界为非凸多边形的区域。本文作者对三角网扩张法作了扩展,使之能够在任意多边形所包围的区域内生成不规则三角网。扩展后的算法具有步骤简单、适合任意多边形边界内生成不规则三角网的优点,而且该算法可用于"分块"式生成数据量较大的三角网,同时保证各"分块"之间完整的邻接关系。  相似文献   

A GIS-Based Tool for Spatial and Distributed Hydrological Modelling: CLASS Spatial Analyst   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jin Teng  Jai Vaze  Narendra K Tuteja  John C Gallant 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(2):209-225

CLASS Spatial Analyst is a GIS tool which can be used to support spatially distributed hydrological modelling. The tool generates a number of spatial layers that can be used for many practical applications. These include climate zoning, multi‐resolution DEMs, Compound Topographic Index (CTI) (also referred to as Topographic Wetness Index, TWI), lateral multiple flow paths, accumulation and dispersion of water and solutes from hazard areas, estimation of soil depth, soil material/horizon distribution and soil moisture storage capacity in different parts of the landscape. Although each of these tasks can be undertaken separately using spatial software packages such as ArcGIS, GRASS, TIME, and MapInfo, this tool puts together all these tasks into a single application which provides the user with an option of undertaking some or all of them within this application. The technology used in this tool is supported by various peer‐reviewed publications (e.g. Tarboton 1997 , Gallant and Dowling 2003 ).  相似文献   

Forecasting prices of single family homes using GIS-defined neighborhoods     

Mak Kaboudan  Avijit Sarkar 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2008,10(1):23-45

We estimate spatiotemporal models of average neighborhood single family home prices to use in predicting individual property prices. Average home-price variations are explained in terms of changes in average neighborhood house attributes, spatial attributes, and temporal economic variables. Models adopting three different definitions of neighborhoods are estimated with quarterly cross-sectional data over the period 2000–2004 from four cities in Southern California. Heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation problems are detected and adjusted for via a sequential routine. Results of these models suggest that forecasts obtained using city neighborhood average price equations may have advantage over forecasts obtained using city aggregated price equations.   相似文献   

Comparison of the performance of flow‐routing algorithms used in GIS‐based hydrologic analysis     

John P. Wilson  Christine S. Lam  Yongxin Deng 《水文研究》2007,21(8):1026-1044

Flow direction and specific catchment area were calculated for different flow‐routing algorithms using TAPES‐G and TauDEM. A fuzzy classification was used along with eight topo–climatic attributes to delineate six landscape classes from a 10‐m USGS DEM. A series of maps and tabular outputs were produced to compare flow‐routing predictions in different parts of the study area in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. The matched pair t‐test was used to compare the performance of pairs of specific catchment area grids across six user‐defined fuzzy landscape classes. The results show that (1) the ‘source’ cells predicted with the D∞, DEMON, and FD8 algorithms were confined to hilltops; (2) two single flow‐routing algorithms (Rho8, D8) produced poor results; and (3) the choice of flow‐routing algorithm has potentially important consequences for the calculation of upslope contributing areas, sediment transport capacity, topographic wetness, and several other topographic indices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Formalising an inversion methodology for reconstructing ice‐sheet retreat patterns from meltwater channels: application to the British Ice Sheet     

Sarah L. Greenwood  Chris D. Clark  Anna L. C. Hughes 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(6):637-645

  相似文献   

浙江省山区综合开发的探讨     

臧威延 《山地学报》1989,(4)

山区综合开发必须调整偏农型产业结构,实行合理利用自然资源和旨在使山区人口向山下流动的积极的社会经济政策,摆脱与分散性密切相关的自给自足观念。由于山区物质、信息流动阻力大,城镇发展宜取多核分散型,要注意交通等基础设施的超前建设,改善山区环境。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal predictions of soil moisture dynamics,runoff, variable source areas and evapotranspiration for plynlimon,mid-wales     

P. F. Quinn  K. J. Beven 《水文研究》1993,7(4):425-448

For many years hydrologists have tried to build physically realistic models which are still simple enough to be fitted to a range of observations made in the field. This is an ongoing process which will become even more difficult as the quality and variety of field and remotely sensed data improves. Hence models must be able to predict soil moisture patterns in time and in space as well as the outflow hydrograph. The model presented here (TOPMODEL) aims to predict the nature of variable source areas in a way that reflects their dynamics over space and time. All component processes are described and shown in operation. As TOPMODEL and similar models have a growing popularity, this paper can be seen as a demonstration of the model's predictive capabilities. The model is applied to the catchments of Plynlimon, mid-Wales for 1984, 1985 and 1986 data sets. The model has been thoroughly tested and cross-validated against independent data sets for different time periods, for a separate catchment, for internal gauges and for wet and dry periods. The resulting predicted soil moisture patterns show a small, semi-permanent variable source area that has the ability during large storms to expand dynamically over short time periods. Spatial predictions of evapotranspiration are also shown which reflect the influence of soil moisture patterns on this process. The weakest component of the model is the representation of root zone evaporation and how this pre-sets the antecedent condition of the catchment during long dry periods.  相似文献   

TECHNIQUES OF CONSTRUCTING REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES: ACHIEVEMENTS     

金玉献  Christine MLeigh 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1992,2(4):337-356

The development of any analytical method should have to experience at least four stages: its initial status, growth, mature and declining. However, although the regional input-output analysis has been widely applied for more than forty years, it is still one of the most important approach in regional economic analysis and forecast at present in the world. This is due to the never ended modifications and its great potentials. In this paper, we review the historical development of the regional input-output analysis.  相似文献   

Classification problems of samples of finite mixtures of compositions     

Carles Barceló  Vera Pawlowsky  Eric Grunsky 《Mathematical Geology》1995,27(1):129-148

A discriminant technique based on mixture models is presented to be applied when observations are a sample of a mixture of compositions with each component following an additive logistic normal distribution on the d-dimensional simplex. The efficiency of this discriminant technique is compared empirically with the efficiency of the standard discriminant technique based on logcontrast. Simulated compositional data and a real dataset are used to carry out these comparisons.  相似文献