土壤风蚀过程颗粒释放机理研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

岳高伟  贾慧娜  蔺海晓 《干旱区地理》2012,35(2):248-253

针对目前土壤风蚀中土壤颗粒释放过程机理研究存在的不足,建立了颗粒在土壤表面起动、滚动、起跳的土壤颗粒释放力学模型,同时考虑了太阳辐射及地表温度产生的向上垂向风速对颗粒起动风速的影响,并采用前人的实验结果与本文模型数值计算结果进行了对比分析,证明其模型的合理性。数值结果表明：起动风速随颗粒粒径的增大先减小后增大,其中在0.12~0.14 mm粒径范围内颗粒最容易起动,同时床面温度越高对颗粒的起动风速影响也越明显,同一粒径下床面温度越高起动风速越小。颗粒在床面上的运动不是纯滚动,而是滚动中有滑动。颗粒起跳速度主要分布在0.3~0.65 m/s之间;起跳角度30°~35°之间;颗粒起跳的角速度主要分布在600~1 200 rev/s。土壤颗粒释放微观过程的研究将对改进土壤风蚀输送过程中的宏观监测与预报起到重要作用。  相似文献   

柴北缘超高压变质带：从大洋到大陆的深俯冲过程   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张贵宾  张立飞  宋述光 《高校地质学报》2012,18(1):28-40

    柴北缘超高压变质带同我国大别- 苏鲁造山带类似,同属典型的大陆型俯冲碰撞带。柯石英在榴辉岩和片麻岩中均 有发现,且石榴橄榄岩锆石中含有金刚石。本文从岩石学、温压计算、地球化学和年代学四个方面,对此带中的鱼卡、绿 梁山、锡铁山和都兰4 个榴辉岩和石榴橄榄岩出露地区近些年的研究进展进行了系统详细的综述。与典型的大陆型俯冲碰 撞带不同,柴北缘超高压变质带保存了早期陆壳俯冲前发生的洋壳深俯冲的证据。因此,结合现有数据,本文对柴北缘超 高压变质带从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲碰撞的构造演化模式进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Chronological constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Chinese Tianshan Orogen through detrital zircons from modern and palaeo-river sands     

Rong Ren  Shu-Wei Guan  Bao-Fu Han  Li Su 《International Geology Review》2017,59(13):1657-1676

The Chinese Tianshan Orogen marks prolonged and complicated interactions between the southwestern Palaeo-Asian Ocean and surrounding blocks. New and previously published detrital zircon chronological data from modern and palaeo-river sands were compiled to reveal its tectonic evolution. It is characterized by predominant Palaeozoic as well as minor Mesozoic and Precambrian detrital zircon ages with a multimodal characteristic. The oldest Phanerozoic zircon population (peaking at 475 Ma) is a result of subduction and closure of the early Palaeozoic Terskey Ocean. However, the absence of this peak in the Chinese North and southern South Tianshan suggests that subductions of the North and South Tianshan oceans may not have initiated until the Late Ordovician with subsequent 460–390 and 360–320 Ma arc magmatism. Similar to the magmatic suite in classic collisional orogens, the youngest massive 320–270 Ma magmatism is suggested to be post-collisional. The North and South Tianshan oceans therefore probably had their closure to form the Chinese Tianshan Orogen during the late Carboniferous. The weak Mesozoic intra-plate magmatism further rejects a late Permian–Triassic Tianshan Orogen due to a lack of extensive syn- and post-collisional magmatism. Moreover, diverse Precambrian detrital zircon age patterns indicate that the surrounding blocks have distinct evolutionary processes with short-term amalgamation during the Meso- to Neoproterozoic.  相似文献   

再论印度与亚洲大陆何时何地发生初始碰撞   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

黄宝春  陈军山  易治宇 《地球物理学报》2010,53(9):2045-2058

印度与亚洲大陆碰撞形成了喜马拉雅造山带.该造山带是当今固体地球科学研究的重点和热点,是建立新的大陆动力学理论的最佳天然实验室.印度与亚洲大陆碰撞时限是正确认识和理解该造山带形成与演化、高原隆升的动力学过程等的起点.近南北向陆陆碰撞的最直接证据是碰撞带两侧块体在古纬度上的相互重叠.本文拟通过对相关古地磁资料的分析,结合近年来在拉萨地块南缘林子宗群火山岩和沉积岩夹层上获得的最新古地磁结果,探索当今古地磁数据所限定的印度和亚洲大陆发生初始碰撞的时间和古地理位置.结果表明,拉萨地块林子宗群形成时期(约64~44 Ma)古亚洲大陆最南缘的古地理位置(~10°N)限定了印度与亚洲大陆的初始碰撞最可能发生在65~50 Ma之间;如果以由印度洋海底地形所限定的东冈瓦纳大陆裂解前的印度板块形状为大印度模型,则印度与亚洲大陆的初始碰撞很可能发生在60~55 Ma之间.  相似文献   

河南省栾川县三道庄钼钨矿床地质和流体包裹体研究   总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11  

石英霞  李诺  杨艳 《岩石学报》2009,25(10):2575-2587

河南省栾川县三道庄钼钨矿床是东秦岭钼矿带的5个超大型钼矿床之一,产于华北克拉通南缘,形成于燕山期碰撞造山体制的后碰撞构造环境.矿体定位于燕山期花岗斑岩与栾川群浅变质碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造的外接触带,矿石构造主要是浸染状和网脉状,广泛发育长英质脉、辉钼矿脉、石英.辉钼矿脉、石英-黄铁矿脉、碳酸盐-萤石脉等.围岩蚀变类型复杂,主要有矽卡岩化、钾化、硅化、绿帘石化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、萤石化以及黄铁矿化、辉钼矿化等硫化物化,矿石类型主要是矽卡岩型和角岩型,属于典型矽卡岩型钼钨矿床.成矿过程分为矽卡岩阶段(早)、石英-硫化物阶段(中)和石英-碳酸盐(晚)3个阶段.流体包裹体有CO_2-H_2O、H_2O-NaCl和含子晶包裹体等3种类型,早阶段主要发育CO_2-H_2O和含子晶包裹体,晚阶段只见H_2O-NaCl包裹体,中阶段发育3类包裹体;早、中、晚3个阶段流体包裹体均一温度分别为394～552℃、290～410℃和140～290℃,盐度分别为20.60 wt%～67.18 wt% NaCl.eqv、6.30 wt%～48.55 wt%NaCl.eqv和3.39 wt%～11.46wt% NaCl.eqv.早阶段流体具有高温、高盐度、富含CO_2的岩浆热液特征,晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、贫CO_2为特征,中阶段流体沸腾作用强烈,是成矿物质快速沉淀的重要机制.成矿系统由静岩压力向静水压力体系转变,趋于开放.  相似文献   

Recognition of Paleo-Tethys Suture Zone in eastern Myanmar     

Hla Hla AUNG 《地球学报》2009,30(Z1):1-3

The site of final closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Triassic-Jurassic was marked by the colli-sional event between the Shan Massif and Indochina plate, in eastern Myanmar. Previous site of consumption of Paleo-Tethys is now occupied by a complex zone of suturing and deformation along Than Lwin River and in the east of it, formed by drastic tectonic evolution. It is geographically located approximately between longitudes 98E and 100E, and it extends northwards to Yunnan and southwards into West Thailand. The sigmoidal wrench struc-tures of suture zone is situated in the east of step-like structures of Shan Massif, and the western boundary of the suture zone must be immediately on the west side of Than Lwin River and the eastern boundary is near the east border of Myanmar. The area is largely covered by younger rocks of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age. The Upper Pa-leozoic units of Carboniferous to Permian comprise limestone and dolomite of the Plateau Limestone overlying unconformably the Lower Paleozoic rocks. Metasedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous and their metamorphic equivalents and the flysch-like Triassic-Jurassic units are found as folded and thrusted beds in the area. Large complex of granitic rocks of Late Triassic are also found. Metavolcanics, gabbro and a large number of chromite occur along with these units. A preliminary delineation of a suture zone as the site of closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Myanmar territory is made for the first time and this zone is believed to be a tectonic linkage between Changning-Menglian belt of West China and Inthanon Zone of West Thailand.  相似文献   

Paleomagnetic constraints on Miocene rotation in the central Japan Arc     

Hiroyuki Hoshi  Masakazu Sano 《Island Arc》2013,22(2):197-213

We present new Middle Miocene paleomagnetic data for the central Japan Arc, and discuss their implications for Miocene rotation. To obtain a refined paleodirection, we made magnetic measurements on basaltic to andesitic lavas and intrusive rocks from 12 sites in the Tsugu volcanic rocks (ca 15 Ma) in the northern part of the Shitara area, Japan. Significant secondary magnetizations in samples with strong magnetic intensities are interpreted as lightning‐induced components. Mean directions carried by magnetite and/or titanomagnetite were determined for all sites. An overall mean direction with a northerly declination was obtained from dual‐polarity site means for nine sites. This direction is indistinguishable from the mean direction for coeval parallel dikes in the northern part of the Shitara area, and also indistinguishable from the Miocene reference direction derived from the paleopole for the North China Block in the Asian continent. These comparisons suggest little or no rotation or latitudinal motion in the study area with respect to the North China Block since 15 Ma. We obtained a refined early Middle Miocene paleodirection (D = 9.7°, I = 52.5°, α₉₅ = 4.8°; 30 sites) and paleopole (82.0°N, 230.8°E, A₉₅ = 5.6°) for Shitara by combining data from the Tsugu volcanic rocks and a coeval dike swarm. An anomalous direction found at three sites could be a record of an extraordinary field during a geomagnetic polarity transition or excursion. Paleomagnetic data from Shitara suggest that: (i) the western wing of the Kanto Syntaxis, a prominent cuspate geologic structure in central Honshu, underwent a counterclockwise rotation with respect to the main part of the southwestern Japan Arc between ca 17.5 Ma and 15 Ma; (ii) collision between the Japan and Izu–Bonin (Ogasawara) Arcs began prior to 15 Ma; and (iii) clockwise rotation of the entire southwestern part of the Japan Arc had ceased by 15 Ma.  相似文献   

大兴安岭中北段原岩锆石U-Pb测年及其与区域构造演化关系   总被引：61，自引：19，他引：42  

佘宏全  李进文  向安平  关继东  杨郧城  张德全  谭刚  张斌 《岩石学报》2012,28(2):571-594

作者认为单个锆石的同位素年龄记录了所在区域单次构造、岩浆或变质事件活动的时间,不同来源的大量原岩单颗粒锆石的测年数据则可以反映研究区总体构造演化历史。本文对近年来在大兴安岭中北段自测和收集的123件原岩样品的2636个锆石U-Pb测年点的同位素年龄进行统计,结果显示研究区的锆石年龄数据总体上出现840~780Ma, 530~440Ma, 330~280Ma, 240~190Ma,180~160Ma和150~120Ma等多个明显高峰值区间和>840Ma, 770~540Ma和440~400Ma三个相对数据较少的空白地段,且岩浆结晶锆石、变质锆石、继承性锆石等不同成因类型的锆石的年龄统计分布有良好的对应性。年龄数据的高峰值区间与该地区基底形成、陆壳生长、主要板块或微板块俯冲、碰撞、拼贴等主要构造事件时间吻合;而年龄空白区间则与主要的洋底扩张、被动陆缘时代相吻合。研究说明大量原岩锆石的测年数据与河流碎屑锆石同位素年代学一样,可以用于研究物源区的地壳生长和构造演化历史。综合大兴安岭中北段大量单颗粒锆石的同位素年代学、岩石组合和构造特征研究,说明该地区经历了古元古代基底形成、新元古代陆壳生长、新元古代末期板块裂解,古生代期间古陆块间的俯冲、拉张、拼贴碰撞,早中生代碰撞造山、晚中生代造山后伸展垮塌、大陆边缘弧后伸展等复杂的构造演化历史;同时表明蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋在早中生代时期(晚三叠世)即已碰撞造山,大兴安岭中北段及额尔古纳地区发育大量与碰撞有关的花岗岩、混合岩及碰撞后伸展跨塌有关的构造和岩石产物(盆岭构造、滑脱构造、变质核杂岩、陆相双峰式火山岩和多金属成矿等),这对于重新认识研究区中生代多金属成矿的地球动力学背景提供了新的依据。  相似文献   

Chronology of subduction and collision along the İzmir-Ankara suture in Western Anatolia: records from the Central Sakarya Basin     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1244-1269

ABSTRACT

Western Anatolia is a complex assemblage of terranes, including the Sakarya Terrane and the Tauride-Anatolide Platform that collided during the late Cretaceous and Palaeogene (80–25 Ma) after the closure of the Izmir-Ankara Ocean. Determining the precise timing at which this ocean closed is particularly important to test kinematic reconstructions and geodynamic models of the Mediterranean region, and the chronology of suturing and its mechanisms remain controversial. Here, we document the Cretaceous-Eocene sedimentary history of the Central Sakarya Basin, along the northern margin of the Neotethys Ocean, via various approaches including biostratigraphy, geochronology, and sedimentology. Two high-resolution sections from the Central Sakarya Basin show that pelagic carbonate sedimentation shifted to rapid siliciclastic deposition in the early Campanian (~ 79.6 Ma), interpreted to be a result of the build-up of the accretionary prism at the southern margin of the Sakarya Terrane. Rapid onset of deltaic progradation and an increase in accumulation rates in the late Danian (~ 61 Ma), as well as a local angular unconformity are attributed to the onset of collision between the Sakarya Terrane and the Tauride-Anatolide Platform. Thus, our results indicate that though deformation of the subduction margin in Western Anatolia started as early as the Campanian, the closure of the ?zmir-Ankara Ocean was only achieved by the early Palaeocene.  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘哀牢山构造带泥质高压麻粒岩的发现及其构造意义   总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2  

戚学祥  赵宇浩  朱路华  李志群 《岩石学报》2012,28(6):1846-1856

哀牢山构造带泥质高压麻粒岩主要由石榴石、夕线石、钾长石和斜长石变斑晶及尖晶石、铁假蓝宝石、蓝晶石、石英、金红石和钛铁矿包裹体组成,为确定印支地块和华南地块的边界提供了关键性标志。石榴石-黑云母-斜长石-石英地质温压计(GBPQ)计算结果及标志性高温矿物组合(Spl+Qz)表明泥质高压麻粒岩的形成和演化经历了高压/高温进变质到中温/低压退变质的顺时针P-T演化过程。其中:1)高压/高温进变质阶段的矿物组合为Ky+Sil+Grt1+Kf1+Pl1+Spr+Ter(Kf+Pl)+Bt1+Spl+Qtz+Ilm1+Rut1,形成于850～919℃,≥10.4kbar;2)中温/低压退变质阶段的矿物组合为Grt2+Bt2+Pl2+Ms+Qtz+Ilm2+Rut2,早期和晚期的温压条件分别为664～754℃,4.9～6.5kbar和572～576℃,3.5～3.9kbar。反映陆壳物质在碰撞过程中俯冲到地下深处(≥30km)经高压高温变质后快速折返到中上地壳的动力学演变轨迹。  相似文献