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11.
台风登陆前后雨带断裂与非对称降水的成因分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用美国WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式对“海棠”台风(0505)登陆前后的雨带变化进行分析和模拟试验。结果显示：台风登陆前后其雨带会产生断裂,这种现象可发生在陆地和海上,使非对称降水更加明显。分析得出雨带断裂不仅与地形有关,而且与高层台风环流和中纬度系统的相互作用有关：台风登陆前后,200 hPa南亚高压和台风外围的辐散气流结合形成在台风西北方向的弱倒槽,台风中心西侧及西北侧的中低层辐散流场稳定维持,使高层气旋性流场加强,与气旋性流场相伴的正涡度一部分随气流逆时针旋转,并逐步平流至台风中心附近的正涡度区形成一个沿22～25 °N的正涡度输送带并延伸至台风中心东部,而中心东部高层的正涡度带中有下沉运动,不利于降水发展而导致雨带断裂是非对称降水的主要原因。高层台风的带状涡度向外围的传播可导致中纬度气旋性环流的进一步加强和正涡度向台风输送的加强,使雨带断裂更加明显。 相似文献
12.
本文采用分层黏弹性介质模型, 模拟了2015年4月25日尼泊尔MS8.1地震产生的同震和震后地表位移场, 计算了尼泊尔大地震引起的青藏高原及其周缘主要断裂上的同震和震后库仑应力变化。 地表位移场结果显示, 此次尼泊尔8.1级地震对中国大陆的影响区域主要是拉萨地块和羌塘地块, 对拉萨块体的影响主要表现为水平向南朝喜马拉雅构造带的汇聚作用, 垂直同震位移以下降为主, 震后以上升为主。 静态库仑破裂应力变化的计算结果显示, 尼泊尔大地震对青藏块体中南部的拉张性断层影响最为显著, 其中, 使尼泊尔地震北部的拉张断层的库仑应力显著增加, 个别断层库仑应力增加量超过0.01MPa, 而使其两侧的拉张断层库仑应力明显降低; 对青藏块体中部的走滑断裂则以正影响为主; 另外, 对南北地震带主要以负影响为主, 但量值微小。 相似文献
13.
I. D. Williams J. van der Meer R. Dekker J. J. Beukema S. P. Holmes 《Journal of Sea Research》2004,52(4):1
Using data taken from three long-term monitoring programs, we modelled the population dynamics of 13 common macrozoobenthic species of the Balgzand, an approximately 50 km2 intertidal area in the Dutch part of the Wadden Sea. In order to identify likely interactions among species, while accounting as much as possible for other factors influencing population dynamics, models included both ‘environmental’ (water temperature, and phytoplankton concentration) and ‘biological’ (biomass of potentially interacting species) variables. This approach appeared to be effective at identifying certain types of interactions acting over relatively short time-frames, such as predation and competition for food. Among the species we considered, the strongest effects of this kind appeared to be from what we presume to be predation by Nephtys hombergii, and from competition for food among bivalves. Several of the strongest results of our analysis corroborated expectations derived from previous small-scale surveys or experimental studies, but there were also a number of highly significant results indicating possible interactions which were not immediately explicable, including the apparent positive effect of Macoma balthica on Arenicola marina, and the apparent negative effect of Nephtys hombergii on Mya arenaria. Our results also suggest that year to year changes in Cerastoderma edule and Arenicola marina populations did not have substantial and widespread influences on the population dynamics of the majority of other common infauna, which is not to deny the likely critical importance of recruitment effects and biogenic transformation of the intertidal environment by these species over longer time frames. Our modelling approach could be applied to other long-term data sets, and will become more useful as longer time series become available. 相似文献
14.
《Marine Policy》2016
Fish and fish-related products are among the most highly traded commodities globally and the proportion of globally harvested fish that is internationally traded has steadily risen over time. Views on the benefits of international seafood trade diverge, partly as a result from adopting either an aggregate national focus or a focus on local market actors. However, both views generally assume that the trade in question is characterized by export of fisheries resources to international markets. This is potentially misleading as empirical evidence suggests that import of seafood can also have impacts on local SSF dynamics. A systematic analysis of the different ways in which local production systems connect to international seafood markets can therefore help shed more light on why small-scale fisheries exhibit such differences in outcomes as they engage in an increasingly global seafood trade. This paper conducts a synthesis across 24 cases from around the world and develops a typology of small-scale fisheries and how they connect to and interact with international seafood trade. The analysis is based on key features drawn from trade theory regarding how trade interacts with local production. The implications of the findings for social and ecological sustainability of small-scale fisheries are discussed with the aim of identifying further research topics which deserve attention to better inform trade policy for more sustainable fisheries and more just wealth distribution from their trade. 相似文献
15.
A. C. -L. Chian 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1996,242(1-2):249-295
We discuss nonlinear mode-mode coupling phenomena in cosmic plasmas. Four problems are considered: (1) nonlinear three-wave processes in the planetary magnetosphere involving the interaction of auroral Langmuir, Alfvén and whistler waves, (2) nonlinear three-wave processes in the solar wind involving the modulation of Langmuir and electromagnetic waves by ion-acoustic waves, (3) order and chaos in nonlinear four-wave processes in cosmic plasmas, and (4) regular and chaotic dynamics of the relativistic Langmuir turbulence and its application to pulsar and AGN emissions. The observational evidence in support of nonlinear wave-wave interactions in space and astrophysical plasmas is presented. 相似文献
16.
Renzo Sancisi Filippo Fraternali Tom Oosterloo Thijs van der Hulst 《Astronomy and Astrophysics Review》2008,15(3):189-223
Evidence for the accretion of cold gas in galaxies has been rapidly accumulating in the past years. HI observations of galaxies and their environment have brought to light new facts and phenomena which are evidence of ongoing
or recent accretion: (1) A large number of galaxies are accompanied by gas-rich dwarfs or are surrounded by HI cloud complexes, tails and filaments. This suggests ongoing minor mergers and recent arrival of external gas. It may be regarded,
therefore, as direct evidence of cold gas accretion in the local universe. It is probably the same kind of phenomenon of material
infall as the stellar streams observed in the halos of our galaxy and M 31. (2) Considerable amounts of extra-planar HI have been found in nearby spiral galaxies. While a large fraction of this gas is undoubtedly produced by galactic fountains,
it is likely that a part of it is of extragalactic origin. Also the Milky Way has extra-planar gas complexes: the Intermediate-
and High-Velocity Clouds (IVCs and HVCs). (3) Spirals are known to have extended and warped outer layers of HI. It is not clear how these have formed, and how and for how long the warps can be sustained. Gas infall has been proposed
as the origin. (4) The majority of galactic disks are lopsided in their morphology as well as in their kinematics. Also here
recent accretion has been advocated as a possible cause. In our view, accretion takes place both through the arrival and merging
of gas-rich satellites and through gas infall from the intergalactic medium (IGM). The new gas could be added to the halo
or be deposited in the outer parts of galaxies and form reservoirs for replenishing the inner parts and feeding star formation.
The infall may have observable effects on the disk such as bursts of star formation and lopsidedness. We infer a mean “visible”
accretion rate of cold gas in galaxies of at least . In order to reach the accretion rates needed to sustain the observed star formation (), additional infall of large amounts of gas from the IGM seems to be required. 相似文献
17.
汶川8.0级地震和芦山7.0级地震对周边断层的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用分层粘弹性介质模型,研究龙门山断裂带发生的两次大地震(2008年5月12日汶川8.0级和2013年4月20日芦山7.0级地震)的同震位错和震后粘滞松弛效应引起的周边断裂带上的库仑应力变化。结果表明,汶川8.0级地震同震和震后效应均引起了芦山7.0级地震震中位置的库仑应力增加,有利于芦山地震的发生;汶川和芦山地震的同震和震后效应引起的周边各断层上的累积库仑应力变化分布显示,这两次大地震引起了其间的破裂空段的库仑应力显著增加;此外,累积库仑应力显著升高的断裂还有:鲜水河断裂带中段、灌县一安县断裂北段、文县断裂的一.部分、平武一青川断裂北段、略阳一勉县断裂。累积库仑应力显著降低的断裂有:马尔康断裂、岷江断裂南端、虎牙断裂、龙泉山断裂北端、北川一映秀断裂北段。 相似文献
18.
副热带高压南侧双台风相互作用的数值研究 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：13
用一个正压原始方程模式 ,对 Carr和 Elsberry于 2 0世纪 90年代后期提出的双台风相互作用的概念模式进行了数值研究。结果证实了该概念模式的合理性。同时指出 :在一定的参数范围 ,副热带高压南侧东风气流中的双台风作用 ,可以激发出台风路径的移向突变和移速突变 相似文献
19.
由五大系统11个实验室组成的项目组，2000-2005年开展了以“地球圈层相互作用”为主题的深海基础研究。项目以“热带碳循环”作为核心问题，依靠国际大洋钻探和国内“大洋专项”两大支柱，对西太平洋暖池和南海等海区进行深海过程和深海记录的研究，已圆满完成计划任务。一方面在南海大洋钻探的基础上，围绕热带海洋在地球系统中的作用向纵深发展，在“热带碳循环”研究中取得了原创性的成果；另一方面依托国内大洋专项和国内外合作航次，在深海研究和圈层相互作用上朝横向发展，取得了一系列国际性成果，在我国形成了与国际接轨的深海研究力量。对该项目的设计和进展做了简单而又全面的阐述，对于古环境研究中取得的突破性进展将另有续篇介绍。 相似文献
20.
湿地地表水—地下水交互作用的研究综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湿地地表水—地下水之间的水量与水质交互作用是影响湿地水文过程及其生态环境效应的重要机制。从湿地地表水—地下水交互作用的内涵、影响因素、界面效应及其研究方法与模型等5个方面,归纳总结了国内外相关的研究成果。分析认为:湿地地表水—地下水交互作用受到地质/水文地质条件与水文情势共同控制,对未来变化环境尤其是气候变化的响应机制是其影响因素研究关注的焦点,在此背景下物理—化学—生物多层次环境界面之间的"激励—响应"更加显著,将成为理解湿地—地下水交互作用过程及其环境反馈的重要内容。结合多学科交叉理论与方法,利用不同界面特征的响应变化反馈指示湿地地表水—地下水交互作用是未来研究方法发展与创新的基本思路。结合湿地水文特性整合不同尺度的数据信息、耦合交互过程的不同机制等是模型构建的关键科学问题,实现交互作用过程中的地表水—地下水耦合、水量—水质联合模拟是模型研究的发展趋势。 相似文献