小体积液液萃取气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中的克百威与3-羟基克百威     

周添  刘菲 《岩矿测试》2021,(3):358-364

克百威和3-羟基克百威是一对典型的农药母体及其代谢产物,由于其水溶性高、毒性大,可通过地表水或地下水进行长距离迁移,对人类健康和环境安全造成危害.以往通常采用液相萃取或固相萃取的方式提取样品中的克百威和3-羟基克百威,但这些方法操作繁琐、耗时较长,不利于室内模拟实验中多组样品的检测.为实现克百威与3-羟基克百威在地下水...  相似文献   

复垦土地样品中石油类物质加速溶剂萃取-荧光分光光度法分析方法研究     

赵江华  王鹏  黎卫亮  李忠煜 《岩矿测试》2021,(3):375-383

作为土地环境质量的一项重要指标,石油类物质含量决定了土地的用途.对于复垦土地样品,在一定程度上反映了污染土地的复垦、治理效果.土壤样中的石油类物质测定方法主要有气相色谱法、红外分光光度法、紫外光谱法等.气相色谱法主要应用于测定样品中的饱和烷烃;红外分光光度法通过测定不同波数下的特征吸收值来表征样品中石油类物质,但采用四...  相似文献   

Comments on ‘Modelling the morphodynamic impact of offshore sandpit geometries’ by Roos et al. (2008)     

Paolo Blondeaux  Giovanna Vittori   《Coastal Engineering》2008,55(12):1245-1246

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A modified analytical method for the shipboard determination of nanomolar concentrations of orthophosphate in seawater     

Jian Ma  Dongxing Yuan  Ying Liang  Minhan Dai 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(3):443-449

A method for the determination of nanomolar concentrations of orthophosphate in oligotrophic seawater developed by Liang et al. (2007) has been modified to make it fully feasible for shipboard application and for faster sample throughput with minimized sample volume. The technique is based on the flow injection method with solid phase extraction on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and colorimetric detector. The Schlieren effect was minimized by rinsing the cartridge sequentially with 5 mL water and 2 mL 95% ethanol solution. With three micro pumps in parallel, savings of up to 80% in amount of reagents and 25% volume of seawater samples could be achieved in comparison to the previous method. Variation of stopped flow time and sample loading time gave 3 different standard curves, which corresponded to 3 linear ranges within 3.4 and 515 nM. The modified method permits the analysis of samples over a wide range of concentrations, and has been successfully applied to shipboard determination of trace orthophosphate in more than 200 seawater samples during a one-month cruise in the South China Sea. For seawater at concentrations of 20.6, 82.5, 206.2 nM orthophosphate, the relative standard deviations (RSD) (n = 6), determined daily for 6 days on board ship were 4.45%, 4.73% and 6.75%, respectively. Five seawater samples collected in the Station SEATS (South East Asia Time Series Station at 18°N, 116°E) were analyzed using the present method both on board and in a land-based laboratory, as well as with the magnesium hydroxide-induced coprecipitation (MAGIC) method, and showed no significant difference according to the statistical t-test.  相似文献   

双水相萃取法富集分离螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘杨  王雪青  庞广昌  谢卓峰 《海洋科学》2008,32(7):30-32

以PEG／硫酸钠双水相体系,经一次萃取从钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）细胞破碎液中富集分离藻蓝蛋白。结果表明,萃取最适宜的条件为12％PEG4000,15％Na2SO4,1％KCl,藻蓝蛋白收率为91．2％,分配系数达到8．01,分离因数达到6．33。对于螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的富集分离,双水相萃取法与传统的盐析沉淀法相比,具有节省操作时间、简化操作过程、降低能耗和成本以及易于工艺放大等优点。  相似文献   

基于Gabor滤波方法的居民地识别分析     

汪闽  蒋圣  杨晓梅 《地球信息科学学报》2008,10(3):308-313

图像纹理对于高分辨率遥感图像的信息提取与目标识别具有重要意义。针对"北京一号"小卫星全色遥感图像非城市区域居民地块往往呈现出比较明显的方向性纹理的特点,扩充改进Gabor滤波方法进行提取。方法主要利用Gabor滤波器的多尺度、多方向滤波的性质,提取多尺度纹理特征集,并进行特征;而后利用多特征聚类实现图像的初步分割。由于分割是对特征进行聚类完成的,其结果可能存在一个居民地块由若干个相互间存在间隔的子区域组成、存在无用小斑块、居民地内部存在大量小孔洞等缺陷。针对上述不足,利用形态学尺度空间融合方法,对居民地块通过结构元素不断增大的闭运算进行迭代融合,并选择一个具备"最长生存期限"的类别个数作为最佳类数,选择首次出现该类别数的分割结果作为最后的识别结果。对延庆地区的小卫星影像进行了居民地提取,并与共生矩阵纹理分析方法进行了实验对比。结果表明方法是有效的,并在提取精度上具有优势。  相似文献   

3S技术支持下的小型遗址提取方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高飞  王心源  吴立  白恩亮  何磊 《地理空间信息》2009,7(4):75-78

针对仅利用地物光谱分析方法不能识别某些小型遗址的现状,提出基于地物空间关系知识,多源信息复合提取遗址的思路获取目标信息。以安徽省巢湖柘皋地区为例,利用SPOT-5卫星影像和地形图数据,综合运用3S技术进行小型遗址信息提取研究。经过和巢湖文管部门普查记录对比,证明了该方法有效性。该方法可缩小遗址探查范围,为考古普查工作节约大量时间、人力和物力。  相似文献   

灌注桩基础工程质量事故的处理     

廖远淦 《南方国土资源》2000,13(4):67-70

灌注桩基础是珠江三角洲地区工业与民用建筑广泛采用的基础形式之一,但由于各种原因,发生质量问题的灌注桩基础屡见不鲜.本文简明地介绍了灌注桩基础工程质量事故概况、灌注桩质量检测和评价方法以及灌注桩质量事故处理的常用方法.  相似文献   

浅析如何在溶剂萃取机理研究中正确使用斜率法          下载免费PDF全文

高丹丹  李东东 《盐湖研究》2019,27(3):27-34

斜率法是萃取机理研究最为常用的方法之一。尽管其理论基础和使用方法非常简单,但该方法却常常被误用,导致其非但不能有效的确定萃取机理,反而产生了误导性结论。本文以t-BAMBP萃取碱金属离子(K~+、Rb~+、Cs~+)体系为例讨论了常见的错误用法以及造成这类情况的根源问题,之后对其他萃取体系中类似错误用法进行了简要评述,表明斜率法的错误使用主要源于对萃取反应方程式的错误假定及对工作方程推导过程中引入的近似处理理解不当。最后总结了在萃取机理研究中正确使用斜率法的几点注意事项。  相似文献   

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

SHI Dong  LI Li-juan  LI Jin-feng  JI Lian-min  SONG Fu-gen  PENG Xiao-wu  ZHANG Li-cheng  ZHANG Yu-ze  LI Hui-fang  SONG Xue-xue  NIE Feng  ZENG Zhong-min  LIU Zhi-qi  GUO Fan 《盐湖研究》2019,27(2):95-110

In this work,problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate( TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N,N-bi-( 2-ethylhexyl) acetamide( N523) during lithium extraction was investigated,and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20% N523-30% TBP-50% kerosene.The effects of brine acidity,Fe/Li molarity ratio,phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity = 0. 05 mol/L,Fe/Li molarity ratio = 1. 3,and phase ratio = 2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as( LiFeCl_4·n N523·m TBP)·( 2-n) N523·( 2-m) TBP( m + n = 2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily,and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic( ΔH 0) and spontaneous( ΔG 0) reaction,and the degree of disorder increased( ΔS 0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.  相似文献