Possible persistence of the morganucodontans in the Lower Cretaceous Purbeck Limestone Group (Dorset, England)     

P.M. Butler 《Cretaceous Research》2012,33(1):135-145

‘Triconodonts’ are relatively rare in the new Purbeck Limestone Group mammal fauna, especially in comparison with the finds made in the nineteenth century in the same beds. However, besides some remains of the already known Triconodontidae, a new possible morganucodontan of uncertain familial affinities, Purbeckodon batei gen. et sp. nov., has been discovered, extending considerably the chronological range of the order while constituting another testimony to the vitality and diversity of Mesozoic mammals.  相似文献   

The use of local stone in the buildings of the Isle of Wight     

G.K. Lott 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(5):923-932

The charm of the Isle of Wight, so much appreciated by visitors and the local population alike, is very much a combination of its delightful scenery and unique assemblage of vernacular buildings. These buildings range from isolated farmhouses to elaborate manor houses, castles and churches all constructed using the indigenous stone resources of the island. Today, these stone buildings, many of which date back to medieval times, are increasingly in need of conservation repair to maintain them for future generations. Essential to such conservation work is the safeguarding of the island's indigenous building stone sources as many of the stones used are unique to the island and no longer quarried. Protecting these stone sources could also provide stone for new building projects which would help to further enhance the character of the island's towns and villages.  相似文献   

Rugose corals from the Upper Ordovician Sholeshook Limestone of southwest Wales with an assessment of the coral affinities and biofacies     

C. Baars 《Geological Journal》2013,48(6):603-619

Limestone horizons of Upper Ordovician (Katian) age in southwest Wales contain diverse fossil faunas including rugose corals. The existence of Ordovician Rugosa in Wales was first reported by Murchison in the 1830s, but since then hardly any specimens have been documented systematically until this present study. Newly collected material from the area around Llanddowror (Carmarthenshire) has now confirmed the diversity of rugose corals in the Sholeshook Limestone (Katian age), an arenaceous limestone originating from the shelf edge of the palaeocontinent Avalonia. The majority of the specimens are preserved as moulds. This means that in many instances preservation of the fossils was insufficient for specific identification; nevertheless, it was possible to document a diverse rugose coral fauna, including Helicelasma, probable Grewingkia and Kenophyllum, and a potential early mucophyllid. While associated with considerable difficulties, as some diagnostic features of Rugosa are not visible in moulds, it is demonstrated here that the work with such specimens can result in faunal information which would otherwise be unobtainable. An assemblage of rugose and tabulate corals in the Sholeshook Limestone can be differentiated from a similar assemblage in the neighbouring Robeston Wathen Limestone which has a slightly different lithology. The fauna has strong similarities with other Avalonian (Irish, English, Belgian) as well as Baltic (Estonian and Norwegian) rugose coral faunas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Early Bartonian orthophragminids (Foraminiferida) from Reineche Limestone,north African platform,Tunisia: taxonomy and paleobiogeographic implications     

Kmar Ben İsmail-Lattrache  Kamel Boukhalfa  Pratul Kumar Saraswati  Mohamed Soussi  Luigi Jovane 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-2):94-121

The orthophragminids in lower Bartonian Reineche Limestone member, a fossiliferous shallow-marine unit exposed in Cap Bon peninsula in Tunisia, are represented by 17 species assigned to Discocyclinidae Galloway 1928 and Orbitoclypeidae Brönnimann 1946. These taxa, associated with nummulitids and alveolinids, belong to the lineages of Discocyclina Gümbel 1870, Nemkovella, 1987, Orbitoclypeus Silvestri 1907, and Asterocyclina Gümbel 1870, described for the first time from north Africa lying at the southern margin of Tethyan ocean during Paleogene. We identified Nemkovella evae, previously not recorded in upper Lutetian/lower Bartonian and younger Eocene deposits of northern Tethyan platforms, and erected a new subspecies, N. evae reinechensis n. ssp. A comparison of Reineche orthophraminids, assigned to orthophragmines zone (OZ) 12 and shallow benthic zone (SBZ 17), to the well-described coeval assemblages at northern Tethyan platforms in Italy, Hungary, Turkey, and to those in Kutch Basin in the Indian subcontinent suggests that some species are confined to certain paleogeographic domains. Orbitoclypeus haynesi, the only orbitoclypeid and the most abundant orthophragminid in lower Bartonian deposits in Kutch, appears to be the most common orbitoclypeid in Reineche Limestone. In Europe, this species is not known and is replaced by Orbitoclypeus varians, the most common orbitoclypeid in middle Eocene of central Europe. Both species occur in varying proportions in marine successions in Turkey. Asterocyclina sireli, identified so far only in Turkey, occurs in Reineche Limestone and in lower Bartonian deposits in Kutch. This species is recorded for the first time in the Indian subcontinent. Relying on present study, as well as our recent studies in Kutch Basin, we conclude that the generic and specific diversity of orthophragminids decreases eastward from the peri-Mediterranean region to Indian subcontinent and to the western Pacific.  相似文献   

岩性不均一的灰岩风化壳发育特征——贵阳花溪剖面粒度分布特征的指示   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

冯志刚  王世杰  孙承兴  刘秀明 《中国岩溶》2003,22(3):197-202

通过贵阳花溪夹泥质薄层的灰岩风化壳剖面的粒度分布特征的研究,结合矿物成分分析,揭示出岩性不均一的灰岩风化壳的发育特征: 灰岩作为剖面主体的成土母岩,风化早期,其以碳酸盐矿物的大量溶蚀及酸不溶物的残余积累为特征,同时方解石的溶解也延缓了酸不溶物的风化; 后期,随着易溶盐类消失殆尽,酸不溶物作为风化主体,开始了类似其它岩类的风化过程。而灰岩中的泥质薄层夹层,作为风化壳的次要组分,在灰岩风化过程中,由于存在巨大的体积缩小变化,泥质薄层被错断并被灰岩的风化产物所包裹,延缓了其风化发育进程。于是,各端元组分由于所处的微环境的差异,受风化溶液的影响程度不同,按照各自的风化方向和演化方式进行。随着风化程度不断增强,泥质薄片的包裹体分解,端元组分逐渐混合、趋同,风化壳趋于均质化,以统一的风化成土作用向表生稳定的矿物转变。   相似文献   

贵州豹子洞石灰岩与红土型金矿藓类植物比较研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

江洪  张朝晖 《中国岩溶》2007,26(1):31-36

红土型金矿是岩溶地区新发现的一类金矿类型,其特点是石灰岩基岩与金矿红土混生。为了探索岩溶地区苔藓植物特征, 2004年8月我们对贵州安龙县豹子洞石灰岩和红土型金矿苔藓植物进行了比较研究。野外在红土型金矿区和石灰岩各设5个采样点, 共观察和采集了105份苔藓标本。对苔藓植物的区系组成、地理成分、结构及物种多样性进行统计分析,结果表明: 该地区两种基质上共有40种,隶属9科25属,未发现苔类和角苔类。其中,石灰岩上有7科、11属、12种藓类植物; 红土型金矿上有6科、18属、28种藓类植物。豹子洞石灰岩与红土型金矿区藓类植物其种相似性系数为0. 05。Sha nno n-Wiene r 指数和种间相遇机率指数较低, Simpso n 指数则较高,表明苔藓植物分布受基质影响明显。   相似文献   

The Cretaceous Ofuku Pluton and Its Relation to Mineralization in the Western Akiyoshi Plateau,Yamaguchi Prefecture,Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Yuka Sasaki  Teruyoshi Imaoka  Mariko Nagashima  Kazuo Nakashima  Takafumi Sonehara  Koshi Yagi  Tetsumaru Itaya 《Resource Geology》2016,66(2):85-113

The relationship between the magmatism of the Cretaceous Ofuku pluton and mineralization in and around the Akiyoshi Plateau, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan was investigated using a combination of field observation, petrographic and geochemical analyses, K–Ar geochronology, and fluid inclusion data. The Ofuku pluton has a surface area of 1.5 × 1.0 km, and was intruded into the Paleozoic accretionary complexes of the Akiyoshi Limestone, Ota Group and Tsunemori Formation in the western part of the Akiyoshi Plateau. The pluton belongs to the ilmenite‐series and is zoned, consisting mainly of early tonalite and granodiorite that share a gradational contact, and later granite and aplite that intruded the tonalite and granodiorite. Harker diagrams show that the Ofuku pluton has intermediate to silicic compositions ranging from 60.4 to 77.9 wt.% SiO₂, but a compositional gap exists between 70.5 to 73.4 wt.% SiO₂ (anhydrous basis). Modal and chemical variations indicate that the assumed parental magma is tonalitic. Quantitative models of fractional crystallization based on mass balance calculations and the Rayleigh fractionation model using major and trace element data for all crystalline phases indicate that magmatic fractionation was controlled mainly by crystal fractionation of plagioclase, hornblende, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene at the early stage, and quartz, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende, apatite, ilmenite and zircon at the later stage. The residual melt extracted from the granodiorite mush was subsequently intruded into the northern and western parts of the Ofuku pluton as melt lens to form the granite and aplite. The age of the pluton was estimated at 99–97 Ma and 101–98 Ma based on K–Ar dating of hornblende and biotite, respectively. Both ages are consistent within analytical error, indicating that the Ofuku pluton and the associated Yamato mine belong to the Tungsten Province of the San‐yo Belt, which is genetically related to the ilmenite‐series granitoids of the Kanmon to Shunan stages. The aplite contains Cl‐rich apatite and REE‐rich monazite‐(Ce), allanite‐(Ce), xenotime and bastnäsite‐(Ce), indicating that the residual melt was rich in halogens and REEs. The tonalite–granodiorite of the Ofuku pluton contains many three‐phase fluid inclusions, along with daughter minerals such as NaCl and KCl, and vapor/liquid (V/L) volume ratios range from 0.2 to 0.9, suggesting that the fluid was boiling. In contrast, the granite and aplite contain low salinity two‐phase inclusions with low V/L ratios. The granodiorite occupies a large part of the pluton, and the inclusions with various V/L ratios with chloride daughter minerals suggest the boiling fluids might be related to the mineralization. This fluid could have carried base metals such as Cu and Zn, forming Cu ore deposits in and around the Ofuku pluton. The occurrence and composition of fluid inclusions in the igneous rocks from the Akiyoshi Plateau are directly linked to Cu mineralization in the area, demonstrating that fluid inclusions are useful indicators of mineralization.  相似文献   

Patterns and rates of fluid flow during burial diagenesis of the Middle Jurassic Lincolnshire Limestone, eastern England     

D. Emery 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1991,8(4)

A phase of ferroan burial calcite from the Middle Jurassic Lincolnshire Limestone exhibits a systematic spatial arrangement of oxygen isotopic characteristics. Mean δ¹⁸O values of the ferroan calcites from each of 15 core and outcrop localities over a study area 25 × 25 km were obtained. These values show a marked depletion from west to east across the study area of approximately 3‰, such that the oxygen isotopic composition of the ferroan calcites can be contoured. The systematic change in oxygen isotopic composition across the study area is believed to have recorded the thermal gradient in the limestone during ferroan calcite precipitation. This thermal gradient can be partially attributed to approximately 200 m of differential burial of the Lincolnshire Limestone across the study area during the Chalk deposition, with a maximum burial of 550 m to the east of the area at this time. A component of up-dip fluid flow (from east to west) through the formation is required to generate the temperature enhancements above those predicted for conduction alone by simple differential burial. Using a finite-difference step computer program, rates of fluid flow during ferroan calcite precipitation are calculated to be approximately 25 m/year. This rate of fluid flow is considerably greater than rates usually predicted for buried sedimentary basins. The causes of such rapid, probably relatively short-lived flow-rates may be the sudden dewatering of adjacent shales, the release of overpressure within the formation of interest, seismic pumping, or fluid circulation round a supracrustal convective loop.  相似文献   

Florida Bay: Modern analogue for Lofer cyclothems?     

Paul Enos  Elias Samankassou 《Sedimentology》2022,69(1):254-281

Lofer cyclothems of the Alpine Upper Triassic have many features in common with Holocene sediments of Florida Bay. The modal ‘complete’ Lofer cycle is essentially symmetrical, having a deepening and shoaling phase, as does the cycle-in-progress in Florida Bay. Lateral discontinuity and thickness variations within members of the Lofer cyclothems indicate syn-depositional relief, possibly in the form of mud banks, the signature feature of Florida Bay sedimentation. Spatial and temporal dimensions, although poorly constrained, appear comparable. Analogous depositional textures, biota and sedimentary structures, while not unique to either environment, strengthen the inferences that can be made about the Triassic depositional environment and regarding future evolution of the modern environment. The striking similarities between the Holocene icehouse sediments and the Late Triassic greenhouse deposits suggest that sedimentation patterns at the scale of individual cycles or parasequences may be largely independent of the global climate regime.  相似文献   

Environmental geology of Bath,England   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. A. Kellaway 《Environmental Geology》1995,26(3):189-191

The hot springs of Bath, England, have been of importance to man for hundreds of years. It was a famous spa in Roman times. Subsequently, the springs were used during the 17th through the 20th centuries and extensive urban and commercial properties were developed at Bath using the water for medical and tourist-oriented activities. With urban and commercial development in the area, man's impact on the environment was substantial and typical environmental problems included pollution, land subsidence, or stability that effected construction, drainage, highways, and canals. During the growth of Bath in the 18th and 19th centuries these environmental problems were described by geologist William Smith and Joseph Townsend. Bath and vicinity provides a unique example of environmental geoscience.  相似文献