北康盆地沉降作用与构造运动   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

刘振湖  郭丽华 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(2):51-57

在地质构造特征研究的基础上,采用地层回剥法和局部均衡模式,研究北康盆地的构造沉降作用,并探讨该盆地构造演化与区域构造运动的关系。北康盆地是一个拉张性盆地,经历了3次快速沉降作用。中始新世沉降作用占总构造沉降量的28％～34％,沉降速率为234～325m／Ma,拉伸系数最大达1.72,它是43Ma时印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的结果。上始新世—早渐新世构造沉降作用速率较慢,幅度也较小,为西卫运动影响下的越东—万安走滑断裂发生走滑拉张活动所致。上新世—第四纪的沉降速率极快,幅度很大,可达整个构造沉降的40％以上,可能是太平洋板块与欧亚板块相互作用所引起的整个南海区域沉降在盆地中的反映。  相似文献   

Winter processes on northern salt marshes: Evaluating the impact of in-situ peat compaction due to ice loading, Wells, ME     

Brittina A. Argow  Duncan M. FitzGerald 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,69(3-4):360

New England salt marshes are dominated by the supratidal high marsh grass, Spartina patens. This grass forms a nearly planar surface, which makes it highly vulnerable to the predicted regime of accelerated sea-level rise (SLR). If the high marsh cannot keep pace with rising sea level it will be transformed to intertidal environments, leading to unusually rapid coastal evolution. Winter processes such as ice-loading of surface peat may degrade the marsh surface. Large volumes of snow and ice compress peat, resulting in shallow compaction and a net loss of elevation in some areas.On the Webhannet marsh in Maine, a simulated ice compaction experiment indicates that thick ice can compress marsh peat (46 cm simulated ‘ice’ produced 6.9 ± 0.3 mm of compaction; 24 cm ‘ice’ produced 3.0 ± 0.8 mm). Experimental data suggest that ice thicknesses greater than 10 cm depress the marsh surface by 2 mm for each cm of total ice thickness. However, surface elevations rebounded to near-control levels within 2 weeks of the removal of simulated ‘ice’ from the surface of the marsh. Normal winter ice accumulations on New England marshes, therefore, do not appear to be sufficient to permanently compact marsh surface peat and lead to loss in marsh surface elevation.  相似文献   

国土资源大数据上云高效运行体系及关键技术研究——以山东省为例          下载免费PDF全文

安国强  仲阳  吴建廷  孔维剑  秦晓敏  许霄霄  陈龙飞 《山东国土资源》2020,36(7):74-80

基于山东省国土资源大数据上云系统建设和应用实践,在仿真实验的基础上,研究提高山东省国土资源大数据上云效率的运行体系和关键技术,为全省政务云建设提供参考。研究结果表明,通过高效运行体系构建和关键技术的应用,山东省国土资源上云系统快速显示、裁切、瓦片、数据挖掘等效率都得到不同程度的提高,其中上云系统并发性能耗时平均提速99.5%以上,矢量数据裁图效率同比提升17倍。研究结论:从功能设计、数据组织、硬件环境和拓扑结构四个方面统筹设计国土资源大数据上云系统高效运行体系,从数据处理、异构数据集成、分布式数据存储及挖掘、海量图库管理、灵活的搭建式开发等关键技术创新,可以大幅提高国土资源大数据上云运行效率。  相似文献   

Lithological control of land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal in new urban AREAS (Granada Basin,SE Spain). Multiband DInSAR monitoring          下载免费PDF全文

Davide Notti  Rosa María Mateos  Oriol Monserrat  Nùria Devanthéry  Tomás Peinado  Francisco Javier Roldán  Francisca Fernández‐Chacón  Jorge Pedro Galve  Francisco Lamas  Jose Miguel Azañón 《水文研究》2016,30(13):2317-2331

Ground subsidence in the southeastern border of the Granada Basin (SE Spain) has been studied using remote sensing techniques. Over the last decades, the region has experienced a huge urban expansion, which has caused a substantial increase in water supply requirements. Water needs are exclusively met by groundwater by means of numerous pumping wells, which exploit a confined detrital aquifer of alluvial fan deposits with a heterogeneous facies distribution. A general piezometric level decline (up to 50 m) has been recorded in the aquifer during the past 30 years that has induced the generation of a subsiding area with oval shape oriented WNW‐ESE just where the new urban areas and pumping wells are located. Subsidence has been monitored by exploiting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from ENVISAT (2003–2009) and Cosmo‐SkyMed (2011–2014). A new approach, which combines A‐DInSAR and small‐area persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) analysis, has been applied obtaining a good accuracy regarding temporal and spatial dimension of the subsidence. ENVISAT data (2003–2009) reveal subsidence rates up to 10–15 mm/year, and Cosmo‐SkyMed (2011–2014) values slightly lower; up to 10 mm/year. Temporal variations in the subsidence velocity are in accordance with the rainfall pattern and piezometric fluctuations in the aquifer. The sector with highest rates of subsidence does not correspond to the area with more intense groundwater exploitation but to the area with greater presence of clays in the confining layer of the aquifer. There is a clear lithological control in the spatial distribution of the ground subsidence. This work integrates detailed geological and hydrogeological data with differential SAR interferometry monitoring with the aim to better understand subsidence processes in detrital aquifers with small‐scale heterogeneity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国土地利用变化遥感研究的回顾与展望——基于陈述彭学术思想的引领   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘纪远  张增祥  张树文  颜长珍  吴世新  李仁东  匡文慧  史文娇  黄麟  宁佳  董金玮 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):680-687

20世纪80年代以来中国社会经济快速发展带来的工业化、城市化正深刻影响着中国土地利用空间格局并影响到区域和国家生态与环境状况。在陈述彭先生指导下,1992年以来中国科学院建立起了完整的土地利用/覆盖变化遥感监测与数据分析技术路线,以及独特的分类体系和动态区划体系,奠定了中国LUCC信息平台的基础。本文在系统回顾陈述彭学术思想指导中国LUCC研究的基础上,面向国家需求与国际科技前沿梳理了我国LUCC研究的核心科学问题,并总结了中国科学院团队在最近20年LUCC研究取得的成果,包括土地利用/覆盖动态时空表征与分析模型、土地利用/覆盖变化过程及驱动机制、基于大数据和云计算的土地利用/覆盖变化探测方法、城市土地利用变化的区域气候/生态效应、气候变化与土地利用变化对农田生态系统的影响、林业活动的区域气候/生态效应,在此基础上对未来LUCC研究的前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

Legal aspects of development on dolomite land in South Africa     

A. van Schalkwyk 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(1-2):167-169

 Dolomite rock formations underlie large areas of the Gauteng, North, North-West and Mpumalanga Provinces in South Africa. Sinkholes, subsidences and dolines that may form at any place and at any time on these formations pose a threat to the properties and lives of thousands of people who live and work there. Since much urban, industrial and mining development has taken place in these areas, and the demand for housing development is on the increase, the risk of surface damage must be minimized by means of proper site investigations, hazard and risk evaluation and selection of appropriate development. The legal aspects pertaining to development on dolomite land in South Africa and the requirements for geotechnical investigations as outlined in the various ordinances and acts are reviewed here. Received: 15 September 1996 · Accepted: 12 May 1998  相似文献   

Simulating urban land use change by integrating a convolutional neural network with vector-based cellular automata     

Yaqian Zhai  Yao Yao  Xun Liang  Xia Li  Yongting Pan 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(7):1475-1499

ABSTRACT

Vector-based cellular automata (VCA) models have been applied in land use change simulations at fine scales. However, the neighborhood effects of the driving factors are rarely considered in the exploration of the transition suitability of cells, leading to lower simulation accuracy. This study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)-VCA model that adopts the CNN to extract the high-level features of the driving factors within a neighborhood of an irregularly shaped cell and discover the relationships between multiple land use changes and driving factors at the neighborhood level. The proposed model was applied to simulate urban land use changes in Shenzhen, China. Compared with several VCA models using other machine learning methods, the proposed CNN-VCA model obtained the highest simulation accuracy (figure-of-merit = 0.361). The results indicated that the CNN-VCA model can effectively uncover the neighborhood effects of multiple driving factors on the developmental potential of land parcels and obtain more details on the morphological characteristics of land parcels. Moreover, the land use patterns of 2020 and 2025 under an ecological control strategy were simulated to provide decision support for urban planning.  相似文献   

Ensemble smoothing of land subsidence measurements for reservoir geomechanical characterization          下载免费PDF全文

Domenico Baù  Massimiliano Ferronato  Giuseppe Gambolati  Pietro Teatini  Ayman Alzraiee 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(2):207-228

Geomechanical models are often used to predict the impact on land surface of fluid withdrawal from deep reservoirs, as well as investigating measures for mitigation. The ability to accurately simulate surface displacements, however, is often impaired by limited information on the geomechanical parameters characterizing the geological formations of interest. In this study, we employ an ensemble smoother, a data assimilation algorithm, to provide improved estimates of reservoir parameters through assimilation of measurements of both horizontal and vertical surface displacement into geomechanical model results. The method leverages the demonstrated potential of remote sensing techniques developed in the last decade to provide accurate displacement data for large areas of the land surface. For evaluation purposes, the methodology is applied to the case of a disk‐shaped reservoir embedded in a homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic half space, subject to a uniform change in fluid pressure. Multiple sources of uncertainty are investigated, including the radius, R, the thickness, h, and the depth, c, of the reservoir; the pore pressure change, Δp; porous medium's vertical uniaxial compressibility, c_M, and Poisson's ratio, ν, and the ratio, s, between the compressibilities of the medium during loading and unloading cycles. Results from all simulations show that the ensemble smoother has the capability to effectively reduce the uncertainty associated with those parameters to which the variability and the spatial distribution of land surface displacements are most sensitive, namely, R, c, c_M, and s. These analyses demonstrate that the estimation of these parameters values depends on the number of measurements assimilated and the error assigned to the measurement values. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南极北维多利亚地难言岛闪长质岩石年代学、地球化学及地质意义SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

高鹏  唐立梅  陈灵  田原  方银霞 《岩石学报》2022,38(3):923-941

东南极北维多利亚地沿威尔逊、鲍尔斯地体边缘发育广泛的花岗质岩浆作用。本文选取了罗斯造山带北维多利亚地难言岛古生代闪长质岩石开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地质学及全岩地球化学研究,分析探讨其岩浆的源区特征和岩石成因。锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,难言岛闪长质岩石形成于约500Ma,属于晚寒武世罗斯造山后岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学特征显示的SiO_(2)含量变化范围为54.03%~60.10%,总碱值为5.92%~6.91%,里特曼指数σ为2.67~3.68,A/CNK值为0.77~0.85,属于高钾钙碱性、准铝质岩石。在正常洋中脊玄武岩标准化蛛网图中,样品富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、Ti;在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图中,难言岛闪长质岩石显示轻稀土相对富集,(La/Yb)N=12.99~14.60,Eu弱负异常(0.62~0.71)。样品的锆石εHf(t)值为-10.7~-6.3;(87 Sr/86 Sr)i范围0.7095~0.7097,(143 Nd/144 Nd)i范围0.511502~0.511629,εNd(t)范围-7.1~-10.3。结合前人资料,显示难言岛闪长质岩石来自于先前富集的陆下岩石圈地幔部分熔融,在罗斯汇聚的过程中被俯冲组分进一步交代。晚寒武世罗斯造山带处于后碰撞环境,熔融可能与后碰撞伸展环境下俯冲板块回卷、撕裂过程中软流圈上涌或其他减薄机制有关。  相似文献   

砂卵石地层非开挖顶管施工地表沉降控制研究          下载免费PDF全文

温继伟  岳金帅  项天  张营旭  唐方杰  张杰  胡萍 《探矿工程》2022,49(3):130-138

砂卵石地层具有地层结构松散、透水性高、粘聚力小、自稳能力差等特点,往往为工程施工带来许多难题。为了更好地研究砂卵石地层非开挖顶管施工时地表的沉降规律及相应的控制措施,以成都市华阳、万安、正兴片区雨污水管网W31-W32顶管段为研究对象,采用工法比较、数值模拟与现场实测相结合的方法,提出了适用于砂卵石地层地表沉降的控制措施。研究结果表明：在砂卵石地层中,采用袖阀管注浆加固管周土体与高压旋喷桩加固洞门的措施是合理有效的,加固后地表沉降量相较于未加固时降低了48.1%,洞门处的地表沉降量降低了51.1%,满足了地表沉降控制要求,验证了地层加固措施的效果,可为后续类似的非开挖顶管施工提供借鉴。  相似文献