晚更新世以来的季风变化对晋陕蒙接壤区现代侵蚀的影响     

张信宝 《中国沙漠》1995,15(3):207-209

黄土高原晚更新世末次冰期时期,冬季风强盛,马兰黄土堆积;全新世以来的间冰期时期,夏季风强盛,降水较丰,侵蚀强烈。晚更新世以来的中国东部海岸线40°N 一带变化最大,同纬度晋陕蒙接壤区是黄土高原季风气候变化最剧烈的地区,致使该区成为黄土高原沙黄土区中现代降水最多的地区。沙黄土和较多降水的组合,使晋陕蒙接壤区成为黄土高原现代侵蚀最剧烈的地区。  相似文献   

用TONSTEIN的锆石形态和微量元素标志厘定层位   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

周义平 《煤田地质与勘探》1992,20(4):18-23

本文以滇东、黔西晚二叠世含煤建造中同沉积火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸为例,研究了不同层位中锆石晶体含量和形态参数特征以及tonstein的微量元素标志,初步查明了它们在不同层位上和同层位空间上的变化规律,用于精确厘定层位具有独特的效果。在构造复杂、地层正常层序受到严重破坏的地段,应用此一鉴别层位的方法具有重要的实用价值。   相似文献   

藏北唐古拉山木乃中生代末花岗岩地球化学特征及其构造环境意义     

段志明  李勇  张毅  李亚林 《矿物岩石》2005,25(1):52-57

根据花岗岩同源岩浆演化序列,将唐古拉山北坡木乃复式花岗岩体划分为5个单元,归并为木乃超单元。岩石类型依次为紫苏辉石石英二长岩、石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和石英二长斑岩,精确的锆石U—Pb法测年及磷灰石裂变径迹定年表明,它们侵位于晚白垩世晚期,冷却于古新世末。岩石地球化学以贫硅、富钾、贫铝、轻稀土强烈富集、δEu负异常较明显为特征,初始锶同位素比值(^87Sr／^86Sr)为0．706039～0．711251,上述岩石及岩石地球化学和同位素组成揭示了一个壳幔混熔的物源区。研究表明,中生代末花岗岩浆起源于壳幔混熔,为印-亚早期碰撞的产物,属同碰撞-晚造山期壳幔型花岗岩。  相似文献   

中国大陆西部GNSS变形特征及其与M≥7.0强震孕育的关系     

武艳强  江在森  朱爽  赵静旸 《中国地震》2020,36(4):756-766

基于中国大陆地壳运动观测网络GNSS速度场结果,通过最小二乘配置建模、速度残差检验、应变率场分析等,研究了西部地区地壳变形特征及其与M≥7.0强震孕育的关系。主要认识包括：①GNSS应变率场结果显示青藏高原西部地区（92.5°E以西）呈现明显的EW向拉张变形特征,青藏高原东部（92.5°E～100°E）则表现为显著的EW向挤压应变积累。②GNSS旋转率场显示中国大陆西部呈现由南向北逐渐衰减的交替旋转变形现象,藏南地区为大范围顺时针旋转变形特征,旋转率极值达4.5×10^-8rad/a;柴达木地块表现为逆时针旋转变形特征,极值达-1.0×10^-8rad/a;塔里木地块表现为顺时针旋转变形特征,极值达1.0×10^-8rad/a。③2001～2018年中国大陆西部的7次M≥7.0强震均发生在与其构造背景一致的应变积累高值区边缘,呈现一定的孕震晚期特征。因此,最大剪应变率高值区边缘和大型走滑断裂交界部位、张应变率高值区边缘与大型正断层的交界部位、压应变率高值区边缘与大型逆断层交界部位是未来强震需要关注的地点。④2001年昆仑山口西地震导致了青藏高原东部地区较大尺度EW向挤压应变增强现象,在一定程度上反映了巴颜喀拉地块东向运动增强引起的变形调整过程,有利于汶川地震、芦山地震的孕育发生。  相似文献   

帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘晚新生代构造活动的沉积与重矿物变化响应     

王子一  李康  李勇  安凯旋  陈才  林秀斌  程晓敢  陈汉林 《岩石学报》2021,37(5):1419-1430

帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘晚新生代沉积特征的研究对于理解帕米尔构造带弧形扩展机制具有重要意义。本文通过对帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘的晚新生代沉积地层的沉积特征对比研究和重矿物采样与组份分析,建立了帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘地区的晚新生代沉积联合柱状对比图和重矿物组份变化曲线。研究结果表明,晚新生代沉积与重矿物变化主要记录了帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘的两期构造活动。第一期构造活动发生在安居安组沉积时期,帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘的和什拉甫剖面、英科1井表现为粗碎屑沉积和对应的不稳定重矿物爆发,而南部的甫沙2井中则并未观察到,这一事件可能反映了喀什-叶城走滑系统在和什拉甫剖面附近的中新世构造启动。第二期构造活动发生在阿图什组沉积期间,帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘全区域出现了一套粗碎屑沉积和对应的不稳定重矿物爆发,反映了帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘在上新世以来大规模向北楔入塔里木盆地内部的构造过程。  相似文献   

ACTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SANWEISHAN FAULT IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Xing-wang  YUAN Dao-yang  ZOU Xiao-bo  LIU Yu 《地震地质》2018,40(1):121-132

The Sanweishan fault is located in the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau. It is a branch of the Altyn Tagh fault zone which extends to the northwest. A detailed study on Late Quaternary activity characteristics of the Sanwei Shan Fault can help understanding the strain distribution of the Altyn Tagh fault zone and regional seismic activity and northward growth of the Tibetan plateau. Previous research on this fault is insufficient and its activity is a controversial issue. Based on satellite images interpretation, field investigations and geological mapping, this study attempts to characterize this feature, especially its activity during Late Quaternary. Trench excavation and sample dating permit to address this issue, including determination of paleoseismic events along this fault. The results show that the Sanweishan fault is a large-scale active structure. It starts from the Shuangta reservoir in the east, extending southward by Shigongkouzi, Lucaogou, and Shugouzi, terminates south of Xishuigou, with a length of 175km. The fault trends in NEE, dipping SE at angles 50°~70°. It is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip with a component of thrust and local normal faulting. According to the geometry, the fault can be divided into three segments, i.e. Shuangta-Shigongkouzi, Shigongkouzi-Shugouzi and Shugouzi-Xishuigou from east to west, looking like a left-or right-step pattern. Plenty of offset fault landforms appear along the Sanweishan Fault, including ridges, left-lateral strike-slip gullies, fault scarps, and fault grooves. The trench study at the middle and eastern segments of the fault shows its activity during Late Pleistocene, evidenced by displaced strata of this epoch. Identification marks of the paleoearthquakes and sample dating reveal one paleoearthquake that occurred at(40.3±5.2)~(42.1±3.9) ka.  相似文献   

Loch Lomond Stadial glaciers in the Aran and Arenig Mountains,North Wales,Great Britain     

Philip D. Hughes 《Geological Journal》2002,37(1):9-15

Geomorphological evidence for four former local glaciers has been mapped in the Aran and Arenig Mountains, North Wales. Former glacial extent was deduced from the distribution and assemblage of end and lateral moraines, hummocky moraine, boulder limits, drift limits and periglacial trimlines. Comparison of infilled lake sediment stratigraphies inside and outside of the former glacier limits suggests a Loch Lomond Stadial (Late Devensian) age of the former glaciers (c. 12.9–11.5 cal. ka BP ). This finding is also supported by periglacial–landform contrasts between the land inside and outside of the glacier limits. Reconstruction of the four glaciers illustrates a mean equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of c. 504 m. From the reconstructed ELAs and the combination of precipitation and snowblow input for total accumulation, by analogy with Norwegian glaciers, a mean sea‐level July temperature is calculated at 8.4°C. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地东北缘晚新生代钻孔岩心磁性地层年代学及其构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

杨吉龙  胥勤勉  袁海帆  谢宁  白铭  胡云壮  田立柱 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4075-4087

塔里木盆地的高分辨率沉积记录对于理解青藏高原隆升、亚洲内陆干旱化乃至全球气候变化至关重要.建立可靠的地层年代标尺对于研究塔里木盆地晚新生代沉积环境演化、构造运动及古气候变化具有重要意义.本文对塔里木盆地东北缘库尔勒地区的两个全取心钻孔ZK3（深500 m）、ZK5（深300 m）进行详细的磁性地层学研究,结果表明,ZK3孔中更新统底界为54.8 m,下更新统底界为167.0 m,上新统底界为432.0 m,钻孔底部年龄约为6.2 Ma,属上中新统上部;ZK5孔中更新统底界为64.7 m,下更新统底界为241.5 m,钻孔底部年龄约为3.2 Ma,属上上新统.基于上述磁性地层年代标尺,通过沉积速率分析发现ZK3孔在3.0—3.6 Ma之间沉积速率明显增大,反映了塔里木盆地北部天山在此期间的快速隆升.通过东西部多个盆地地质剖面沉积速率的对比分析发现,这期构造活动在区域上具有准同期活动特征,在时代上与晚中新世以来青藏高原快速隆升的时代一致,可能与青藏高原的隆升扩展效应有关.  相似文献   

New Activity of the Tanlu Fault Zone in the South of Huaihe to the Nvshanhu Segment since the Late Quaternary     

Yao Daquan  Zheng Haigang  Zhao Peng  Yang Yuanyuan  Wang Xingzhou  Miao Peng  Fang Zhen  Tao Yuechao  Li Junhui  Wang Jun  Wang Xiaoli 《中国地震研究》2017,31(2):225-233

Taking the Huaihe to the Nvshanhu segment of the Tanlu (Tancheng-Lujiang) fault zone as the main research target to explore whether there has been new activity since the late Quaternary, and based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and repeated surface investigations, we excavated trenches at the sections where the tectonic landform is significant, identified and recorded the deformation patterns of the fault and analyzed the activity behavior. Samples of new activity and deformation were collected and oriented slices were ground based on the samples'' original state to make the micro structural analysis and demonstration. All of the above research shows very clear linear tectonic geomorphology along the fault, three trenches across the fault zone all revealed new deformation traces since late Quaternary. The latest stratum dislocated by the fault is the late Quaternary and Holocene. The main slip mode is stick slip, as represented typically by fault scarps, wedge accumulation, the faults and the filled cracks and so on. In general, it shows the characteristics of brittle high-speed deformation and belongs to the prehistoric earthquake ruins. The above understanding was confirmed partially by microscopic analysis. In addition, the similarities and differences and the possible reasons for the characteristics of the latest activities of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in the north and south of the Huaihe River regions are also discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘断裂带显微构造特征与活动时代   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩淑琴  邴颖  胡玲 《地质力学学报》2006,12(4):423-428

对准噶尔盆地南缘霍尔果斯-玛纳斯-吐谷鲁逆断裂带中的断层泥和构造岩显微构造进行了研究,并对断裂带中的石膏、石英脉和断层泥进行了ESR测年。显微构造研究表明,断裂带至少经历了3期构造变形,断层泥和石英碎粒中既发育有线状擦痕、阶步等粘滑活动显微构造,也发育有剪切滑动、定向排列等蠕滑活动变形现象。ESR测年结果显示,霍尔果斯-玛纳斯-吐谷鲁逆断裂带形成于1.5Ma前,在0.4~1.0 Ma和0.08~0.12 Ma期间进行了二次再调整。断裂活动时间与青藏高原阶段性隆升的时间一致,说明准噶尔盆地南缘霍尔果斯-玛纳斯-吐谷鲁逆断裂带的形成与青藏高原的隆升过程密切相关。   相似文献