中祁连苏里地区新元古代辉绿岩墙群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义     

张金明  才航加  陈光庭  田成秀  雷晓清 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(6):769-779

中祁连西段苏里地区有大量北东和近东西向延伸的辉绿岩、辉长岩呈岩墙状侵入到元古宙地质体中。基性岩墙的SiO₂含量为46.77%～52.37%,Al₂O₃含量为12.82%～15.86%,TiO₂含量为1.16%～3.14%,MgO含量为3.84%～7.98%,FeO^T含量为10.42%～15.53%,以贫K₂O （0.10%～1.60%）、Na₂O>K₂O为特征,里特曼指数σ=0.67～2.96,岩石主量元素地球化学成分与大洋拉斑玄武岩一致;全岩稀土元素总量较低（51.28×10^-6～165.11×10^-6）,轻重稀土元素之比为2.67～4.90,（La/Yb）_N值为2.04～5.03,属轻稀土元素富集型,δEu=0.93～1.12,无明显的Eu异常;富集Rb、Ba、Th、U,亏损Nb和K,大离子亲石元素丰度变化范围相对较宽,高场强元素富集程度不强,微量元素蛛网图上具有左侧隆起、右侧相对平坦的分布型式。基性岩墙LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为819.5±5.2 Ma,形成时代与全球性Rodinia超级大陆裂解时代高度一致。岩石地球化学分析结果显示岩浆起源于亏损地幔源区,是尖晶石地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物,岩浆形成于陆内裂谷环境,表明其可能为Rodinia超级大陆裂解的产物。  相似文献   

哀牢山西部晚古生代岛弧-弧后盆地系统——来自基性岩地球化学和年代学的证据     

徐文涛  刘福来 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(4):406-422

哀牢山缝合带是东南亚古特提斯构造域重要的缝合带之一,带内广泛出露的晚古生代基性岩是研究其构造演化历史的关键,但它们的岩石成因和形成环境存在较大的争议,制约了人们对该地区古特提斯构造演化的理解。本文对哀牢山缝合带西部的基性侵入岩和基性火山岩进行了详细的野外地质调查、岩石学和地球化学研究,并结合已有的年代学和地球化学数据结果综合分析,目的在于查明它们的成因和形成环境,为进一步探讨哀牢山缝合带构造演化提供制约。锆石U-Pb年龄数据显示五素和坝溜地区的基性火山岩形成于早二叠世(288～287 Ma),而大龙凯和雅轩桥地区的基性侵入岩和火山岩则形成于中二叠世(272～265 Ma)。地球化学数据显示,早期基性岩(早二叠世)稀土元素含量较高(∑REE=59.75×10~(-6)～135.08×10~(-6)),明显富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=2.64～3.32)和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th等)显著亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素类似于岛弧岩浆岩,高的Ta/Yb(0.09～0.18)和Ce/Yb(6.59～9.03)值表明其属于钙碱性系列;晚期基性岩(中二叠世)具有较低的稀土元素总量(∑REE=28.77×10~(-6)～76.16×10~(-6)),轻微富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=1.75～2.55)相对早期基性岩更加富集Rb、Ba,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等元素,较低的Ta/Yb(0.05～0.09)和Ce/Yb(3.58～5.97)值表明其属于拉斑质系列。上述研究表明,哀牢山缝合带西部的晚古生代基性岩具有由钙碱性系列向拉斑质系列演化的趋势,结合相关区域地质资料,认为哀牢山缝合带西部出露的基性侵入岩和火山岩记录了晚古生代与板片俯冲相关的多期演化过程:早二叠世,哀牢山支洋或弧后盆地向西发生洋-陆俯冲,俯冲板片脱水并导致地幔楔岩石部分熔融,在哀牢山西部五素-雅轩桥地区形成安第斯型陆缘弧;中二叠世,先存的大陆弧发生弧内伸展,逐渐演变为新的弧后盆地,形成类似于MORB和IAT的基性-超基性岩石组合。  相似文献   

东昆仑河尔格头地区晚三叠世花岗岩成因：年代学、地球化学及Sr- Nd- Pb同位素约束   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐博  王成勇  刘建栋  魏丽琼  吉明甲  刘博  白洪溪  陈晓琳  李兄 《地质学报》2020,94(12):3643-3656

河尔格头地区位于东昆仑造山带西段,发育大量花岗岩岩石组合,对该地区晚三叠世花岗岩的研究不仅有助于认识东昆仑造山带印支期构造- 岩浆演化历史,还可为古特提斯洋俯冲及洋盆闭合时限提供约束。本文报道了对河尔格头地区花岗岩的LA- MC- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年、地球化学、Sr- Nd- Pb同位素的研究结果,为建立完善的年代学格架和构造演化提供了新资料。本次在河尔格头英云闪长岩中获得了230. 9±0. 7Ma的锆石U- Pb 年龄,结合野外接触关系,可以确定该期花岗岩为晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。全岩地球化学分析结果显示,河尔格头晚三叠世花岗岩为准铝到弱过铝质岩石,属中- 高钾钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土和Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,不同程度亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具负铕异常,属I型花岗岩。从Sr- Nd- Pb同位素分析结果可以看出河尔格头晚三叠世花岗岩具有较高的 I Sr 值(0. 705058~0. 707582)和负的ε Nd ( t )值(-2. 05~-5. 14),双阶段模式年龄 t DM2 为1170~1422Ma,表明岩浆主要来源于地壳。经校正后的 ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb) i 值为18. 37949~18. 58525,( 207 Pb/ 204 Pb) i 值为15. 56543~15. 59755,( 208 Pb/ 204 Pb) i 值为37. 79668~38. 27230,Pb同位素组成图解显示其物质来源与壳幔相互作用有关。综合岩体岩石地球化学特征及前人研究成果,河尔格头地区花岗岩显示板块俯冲阶段的特征,可能为阿尼玛卿洋壳消减过程中的产物,古特提斯洋的闭合时限或可推迟至晚三叠世。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地前侏罗纪古地貌形成演化及沉积充填特征     

李元昊  杨桂茹  彭建  郑亚军  王茜  何拓平 《世界地质》2020,39(1):56-71

采用河流阶地、河谷形态和残余厚度等方法,结合地震和钻井资料,恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地前侏罗纪古地貌形成演化阶段及其特征。结果表明,三叠纪末期盆地主要经历了两次特征不同的构造抬升侵蚀过程,第一次为整体性均衡抬升,抬升侵蚀作用较强;第二次为宽缓V字型不均衡抬升,抬升侵蚀作用相对较弱。前侏罗纪古地貌的形成是晚印支构造运动的侵蚀响应,根据抬升期次晚印支运动可以分为两个亚幕。随着抬升侵蚀的结束,古地貌中河谷首先开始了沉积充填,先后沉积了限制性河谷环境的富县组和半限制河谷环境的延安组延10段河流相地层。  相似文献   

The chronology of Late Quaternary fluvial activity in part of the Milfield Basin,northeast England     

Richard Tipping 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1998,23(9):845-856

The sediment stratigraphy of a 4 m thick intercalated Holocene alluvial fill and valley floor peat at a site in the Milfield Basin, Northumberland, has been dated by a series of eight ¹⁴C assays, and related to a previously analysed pollen record. The sequence extends from the earliest Holocene until c. 2800 cal. BP . Prior to the onset of peat inception, substantial amounts of channel-trenching can be demonstrated to have occurred in the Milfield Basin during the Loch Lomond Stadial. There is no measurable early Holocene accelerated fluvial activity, but a major flooding event occurred at c. 7500 cal. BP , much earlier than recorded elsewhere in the region. The explanation for this is not clear. However, the cessation of mid-Holocene overbank sedimentation at c. 4000–3500 cal. BP is tentatively correlated with slope stability associated with woodland regeneration. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Late Devensian ice sheet characteristics: a palaeohydraulic approach     

Gregory H. Sambrook Smith  Neil F. Glasser 《Geological Journal》1998,33(3):149-158

Glacial meltwater channels are incised into bedrock and diamicton along much of the length of the Mid-Cheshire Ridge. Detailed mapping of one such system near the town of Helsby reveals a dendritic channel network developed in the opposite direction to the regional ice flow during the last (Late Devensian) glaciation. The channels formed subglacially, under atmospheric and not hydrostatic pressure, presumably as the ice sheet downwasted during deglaciation. Morphological and palaeohydraulic evidence suggests that not all of the network was necessarily active contemporaneously. Former water levels in the channels can be estimated due to the presence of bar surfaces, giving a calculated palaeodischarge of at least 111 m³ s⁻¹. The ablation rates required to account for this large discharge are an order of magnitude greater than those obtained from theoretical calculations and those observed in modern glacial environments. This implies that some form of high-magnitude discharge, such as a seasonal flood event, must have taken place in this area during deglaciation. This picture of the Late Devensian ice sheet suggests that during recession the ice sheet was static, crevassed and relatively thin (<50 m). This study also shows that there is no simple relationship between meltwater channel direction and ice dynamics, and that care is required when using the former to make inferences about the latter. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary vegetational and climatic change in the Popayán region,southern Colombian Andes     

Hermann Behling  Alvaro Jos Negret  Henry Hooghiemstra 《第四纪科学杂志》1998,13(1):43-53

Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetational and climatic change have been studied palynologically at a site at 1750 m elevation in the subandean vegetation belt near Popayán, in the southern Colombian Andes. Time control on the pollen record is based on six AMS ¹⁴C ages, ranging from possibly Middle Pleniglacial time (around 50000 yr BP) to 1092 ± 44 yr BP. Because of the presence of two hiatuses only the Middle Pleniglacial and Late Holocene periods (the last 2300 yr BP) are represented. Pollen data indicate the presence of closed subandean forest during glacial time. Changes in the contribution of pollen originating from the uppermost and lowermost subandean forest belts, changes in the contribution of a number of other subandean forest taxa, and changes in species composition between the three pollen zones, suggest that the climate during the Middle Pleniglacial was markedly colder, and perhaps also wetter, than during the Late Holocene. Pollen assemblages from the Late Holocene indicate that the landscape has been affected by deforestation and agriculture since at least 2300 yr BP, but that human impact decreased in the last 780 yr BP. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西藏拉萨地块北部晚白垩世晚期基性岩墙的成因:来自锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学的制约     

于云鹏  王明  解超明  范建军  罗安波  曾孝文 《岩石学报》2020,36(2):443-454

拉萨地块北部阿索地区新发现的晚白垩世晚期基性岩墙对于讨论班公湖-怒江洋盆闭合后的碰撞过程具有重要研究意义。本文报道了阿索地区目思基性岩墙的全岩地球化学组成和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄。研究表明,目思基性岩墙中一组最年轻锆石的U-Pb加权平均年龄为74Ma。岩墙内的辉绿玢岩SiO2含量介于51.90%~53.55%之间,MgO含量介于3.98%~4.97%之间,Mg^#为50.0~57.5,低Cr(51.30×10^-6~79.48×10^-6)和Ni(55.94×10^-6~74.17×10^-6)含量。岩墙具有轻稀土元素富集的特征,明显的负Eu异常。在微量元素方面,富集Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素富集,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,并具有Pb的正异常。La/Sm-Sm/Yb投图结果显示基性岩墙来自于尖晶石+石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区1%~5%的部分熔融,并在演化过程中发生了橄榄石、单斜辉石及斜长石的结晶分异,同时在岩浆上升过程中受到地壳混染。结合区域地质背景,拉萨地块与羌塘地块碰撞后下地壳增厚并发生榴辉岩化,导致拆沉作用。目思基性岩墙的锆石U-Pb年龄表明拆沉作用持续到晚白垩世晚期。  相似文献   

西藏尼玛县西拉木那勒地区晚白垩世埃达克岩岩石成因及构造指示     

董宇超  王明  解超明  于云鹏  郝宇杰 《岩石学报》2020,36(2):426-442

青藏高原北拉萨板块上发育大规模的晚白垩世岩浆作用,长期以来,关于其岩石成因及构造属性一直存在较大争论。本次研究对产出于北拉萨板块尼玛县西约150km的拉木那勒晚白垩世岩体开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学等方面的工作。拉木那勒岩体主要为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,具有较高的SiO_2(68. 12%～72. 21%)、Al_2O_3(12. 28%～17. 02%)含量和较高的Sr/Y比值(26. 7～145)、La/Yb比值(24. 1～28. 4),低含量的MgO(0. 88%～1. 86%)、Y(4. 58×10~(-6)～10. 03×10~(-6))和Yb(0. 33×10~(-6)～0. 73×10~(-6)),具有埃达克岩的典型特征。本文共对4件年代学样品进行了锆石U-Pb定年,其中2件样品获得了88. 4±0. 5Ma和88. 6±0. 4Ma的谐和年龄,另外2件样品获得了89Ma和95Ma的下交点年龄。结合区域地质资料,我们倾向于认为拉木那勒岩体形成于班公湖-怒江洋闭合之后,是陆-陆碰撞加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物。此外,地壳增厚可能是北拉萨板块晚白垩世岩浆岩的一个重要的形成机制。  相似文献   

中国东部全新世火山的镭-钍同位素年代学     

邹海波  郭紫佩  樊祺诚  赵勇伟 《岩石学报》2020,36(7):1945-1952

活火山是指1万年来有过喷发历史的全新世火山。火山的高分辨年代学对火山灾害评估和火山分类具有重要意义。对于缺乏历史记载的全新世火山,直接对火山岩进行同位素定年很困难。本文利用具有高时间分辨率的镭-钍-铀非平衡确定中国东部年轻火山的年龄。根据镭-钍-铀同位素,海南岛的马鞍岭和雷虎岭是全新世火山(马鞍岭:4.3ka;雷虎岭:4.7ka);镜泊湖火山(4.9ka)也是全新世火山;龙岗火山存在晚更新世和全新世活动(7.0ka,15.0ka);大兴安岭阿尔山和诺敏河Ra/Th非平衡消失但~(230)Th/~(238)U非平衡显著,属于晚更新世喷发(阿尔山:63ka;诺敏河:71ka)。海南岛的马鞍岭火山、雷虎岭火山和东北地区的龙岗火山、镜泊湖火山,是4座活火山。至于东北地区的阿尔山和诺敏河火山是否是活火山,有待测试更多样品的Ra/Th同位素。五大连池老黑山和火烧山有历史喷发记录,这与它们都存在显著Ra/Th非平衡一致。五大连池老黑山和火烧山的岩浆滞留年龄分别小于4.2ka和3.2ka,岩浆上升速率 18～23m/y。  相似文献