南海西南次海盆岩石圈结构及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

胡立天  张培震  郝天珧  徐亚 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3464-3481

南海地区岩石圈资料稀少,阻碍了其形成演化过程的研究.为此,本次研究结合大地热流、空间重力异常、高程、大地水准面和地震数据,在南海西南次海盆反演了两条2.5维岩石圈剖面.本次计算基于三种假设：岩石圈地幔的密度取决于岩石温度;研究区岩石圈处于热稳定状态;研究区处于重力均衡状态.在剖面A-E中,岩石圈底界面从珠江口盆地的105 km迅速抬升到西沙海槽处的50 km,在西沙海槽、西沙-中沙群岛和西南次海盆变化不大,为50~60 km.在剖面F-I中,岩石圈底界面从西沙群岛-中建地块处的88 km向海盆逐渐抬升,在西南次海盆处为46~50 km,到郑和隆起再逐渐变深至64 km.我们比较了西南次海盆岩石圈的冷却模型和热稳定模型,根据冷却模型由水深和热流数据所推断的西南次海盆年龄比实际年龄差很多,说明冷却模型不适用于西南次海盆.通过对比剖面A-E和剖面F-I,说明了剖面A-E经历了更长时间的拉伸,证明南海西南次海盆在形成演化过程中是从北东向南西逐步打开的渐进式扩张.最后,我们综合分析西南次海盆及其大陆边缘的岩石圈结构、减薄陆壳区范围、碳酸盐台地的分布、下地壳韧性流动、流变结构和沉积层特征等多方面资料,认为西南次海盆在形成演化过程中岩石圈地幔首先破裂而地壳后破裂,属于type Ⅱ型非火山型大陆边缘.  相似文献   

可可西里岩石圈向北俯冲到柴达木地幔的地震学证据          下载免费PDF全文

赵荣涛  赵文津  史大年  刘志伟  杨艳 《地球物理学报》2020,63(8):2940-2953

利用中美德INDEPTH IV合作项目2007—2009年间布置于青藏高原中、北部140个宽频地震台站记录到的天然地震数据,经过接收函数成像处理,获得了3条穿过昆仑—阿尼玛卿缝合带清晰的壳幔结构图像.结果显示柴达木南缘莫霍面位于约50 km深度,羌塘地块、可可西里地块、东昆仑造山带莫霍面位于约65 km深度,昆仑—阿尼玛卿缝合带以北约50 km存在莫霍面深度突变.在可可西里和柴达木岩石圈地幔之间观测到北倾界面,这可能是可可西里岩石圈向北俯冲到柴达木地幔之下的证据.可可西里地块地壳内宽缓的负转换震相带是低速带的反映,其向北挤入到东昆仑山下发生挤压增厚,可能是东昆仑山隆升的原因;由于刚性柴达木岩石圈的阻挡,物质向东改向,则可能是该地区向东旋转的构造应力场产生的原因.本文研究结果不支持亚洲岩石圈地幔在东昆仑—柴达木交界处向南俯冲,据此,我们提出了新的东昆仑造山模式.  相似文献   

基于混合聚类的岩体结构面优势分组方法     

许扬  张文  符锐  聂振邦  兰志广  陈怀玉  单博 《世界地质》2020,39(1):113-120

提出一种基于凝聚层次法和模糊C均值法的混合聚类法,用于对岩体结构面的优势组划分。该方法将结构面投放到在单位球面上,并使用欧式距离作为极点的相似性度量准则。先剔除结构面数据中的孤值产状,然后用凝聚层次法得到初步聚类结果,并将其作为FCM法的初始聚类中心,最后用FCM法划分优势组。通对人工生成产状样本的分组,验证了该法的正确性。将该方法应用于大藤峡坝址区实测的结构面数据的划分。在实测数据中寻找到两个孤值产状,成功将大藤峡D1y^1-3地层岩体结构面划分为两组,得到了符合实际的分组结果。  相似文献   

Ancient deep roots for Mesozoic world-class gold deposits in the north China craton:An integrated genetic perspective     

Cheng-Xue Yang  M.Santosh 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):203-214

The North China Craton(NCC)hosts some of the world-class gold deposits that formed more than 2 billion years after the major orogenic cycles and cratonization.The diverse models for the genesis of these deposits remain equivocal,and mostly focused on the craton margin examples,although synchronous deposits formed in the interior domains.Here we adopt an integrated geological and geophysical perspective to evaluate the possible factors that contributed to the formation of the major gold deposits in the NCC.In the Archean tectonic framework of the NCC,the locations of the major gold deposits fall within or adjacent to greenstone belts or the margins of micro-continents.In the Paleoproterozoic framework,they are markedly aligned along two major collisional sutures-the Trans North China Orogen and the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.Since the Mesozoic intrusions hosting these deposits do not carry adequate signals for the source of gold,we explore the deep roots based on available geophysical data.We show that the gold deposits are preferentially distributed above zones of uplifted MOHO and shallow LAB corresponding to thinned crust and eroded sub-lithospheric mantle,and that the mineralization is located above regions of high heat flow representing mantle upwelling.The NCC was at the center of a multi-convergent regime during the Mesozoic which intensely churned the mantle and significantly en riched it.The geophysical data on Moho and LAB upwarp from the centre towards east of the craton is more consistent with paleo-Pacific slab subduction from the east exerting the dominant control on lithospheric thinning.Based on these results,and together with an evaluation of the geochemical and isotopic features of the Mesozoic magmatic intrusions hosting the gold mineralization,we propose a genetic model that invokes reworking of ancient Au archives preserved in the lower crust and metasomatised upper mantle and which were generated through multiple subduction,underplating and cumulation events associated with cratonization of the NCC as well as the subduction-collision of Yangtze Craton with the NCC.The heat and material input along zones of heterogeneously thinned lithosphere from a rising turbulent mantle triggered by Mesozoic convergent margins surrounding the craton aided in reworking the deep roots of the ancient Au reservoirs,leading to the major gold metallogeny along craton margins as well as in the interior of the NCC.  相似文献   

地幔热导率的选取对动力学数值模拟的影响——以岩石圈张裂过程为例          下载免费PDF全文

谌永强  施小斌  廖杰  许鹤华  任自强 《地球物理学报》2020,63(5):1998-2012

目前存在有多种地幔热导率模型,不同模型在数值和随温压变化的特征上有明显的差异.为探究不同热导率模型对动力学数值模拟结果的影响,本文对不同模型下的岩石圈张裂过程进行模拟研究,探讨地幔热导率对岩石圈热传输、变形和熔融过程的影响及其作用机理.结果显示,不同热导率模型下,岩石圈的变形和熔融特征表现出明显差异.高热导率模型下,岩石圈破裂较晚,形成陆缘较为宽阔,地壳熔融强烈而地幔熔融较弱;低热导率模型下,岩石圈破裂较早,形成陆缘较为狭窄,地幔熔融强烈而地壳熔融较弱.这种差异源于不同地幔热导率下岩石圈和地幔热状态的变化及相应力学性质的改变.高热导率下,热传导的增温效应显著,岩石圈呈现较热的状态,其强度整体较低,壳幔耦合减弱;而低热导率下,热对流的增温效应显著,岩石圈呈较冷的状态,其强度整体较高,壳幔耦合增强.基于模拟结果,本文认为地幔热导率的选取对动力学模拟的结果有着较为显著的影响,相对于随温压的变化,热导率数值的差异对动力学数值模拟的结果影响更大,尤其是对于地幔熔融过程的影响.  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘Moho面速度密度跃变研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

董蕾  沈旭章  钱银苹 《地球物理学报》2020,63(3):915-927

青藏高原东南缘地下深部结构的研究对了解青藏高原的变形机制和动力学过程具有重要意义.本文利用四川、云南固定台站记录到的远震波形资料,首先采用接收函数H-k叠加方法获得青藏高原东南缘台站下方的地壳厚度和波速比.进而利用接收函数一次转换波和多次波幅度信息确定了青藏高原东南缘Moho面上的S波速度和密度跃变.研究结果表明:研究区由南到北地壳厚度逐渐增加,从永德、沧源、孟连地区的33 km左右增至巴塘地区的69.7 km左右,厚度变化了近乎37 km.四川盆地和松潘甘孜块体南部的姑咱地区具有高泊松比、速度密度跃变较小特征,表明这两个地区含有较多铁镁物质.腾冲地区、龙门山西侧的汶川地区、四川盆地西南缘的沐川地区以及则木河断裂的石门坎至东川地区同属于高泊松比、速度密度跃变较大,显示这些地区壳内存在部分熔融.  相似文献   

Dynamic mechanisms controlling the topography of Longmenshan area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xie  Yuan  Li  Yongdong  Xiong  Xiong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):121-131

The Longmenshan fault, which defines the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the steepest margins of the plateau with a sharp elevation drop of about 4 km over a distance less than 100 km across the Longmenshan fault. The mechanism which is responsible for controlling and maintaining the elevation difference is highly debated. Using multiple observations including seismic velocity model, Moho depth, effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere, we conducted a quantitative study for elucidating the contributions from crust and lithospheric mantle by an integrated analysis of lithospheric isostasy and flexure. It is shown that the topography of the Longmenshan fault is supported by both lithospheric isostasy and flexure statically, and lower crustal channel flow and mantle convection dynamically. Different mechanisms have different weights for contribution to the topography of the Songpan-Ganzi block and the Sichuan Basin. The static and dynamic support contribute roughly the same to the topographic difference of ~4 km between the two sides of the Longmenshan fault. The static topographic difference of ~2 km is mainly resulted from the lithospheric isostasy, while the dynamic one of ~2 km is contributed by the uprising of the accumulated material in the lower crust beneath the Songpan-Ganzi block and the downward drag force caused by the upper mantle convection under the Sichuan Basin. It is thus suggested that the lower crustal flow and upper mantle convection are dynamic forces which should be taken into account in the studies on the dynamics in the Longmenshan and surrounding regions.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional scattering of in-plane body waves due to a discontinuity in bedrock     

Ernest Heymsfield 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(12):1651-1667

The direct boundary integral equation technique is used to study in-plane surface amplification of in-plane seismic body waves for the case of an inhomogeneity in a bedrock half-space. In the studied soil configuration, a soil layer rests on a rock half-space which includes a rock inclusion. The rock inclusion considered is a semi-infinite horizontal rock layer in which its upper boundary borders the soil layer. Materials in the soil–rock configuration are considered viscoelastic except for the section of the rock half-space below the level of the rock inclusion which is considered elastic. A parametric study is performed to determine controlling factors for surface displacement due to in-plane body waves. The study investigates varying the stiffness and the thickness of the rock inclusion for a range of frequencies and wave incidence angles. Anti-plane waves for this type of soil-rock configuration have been addressed in a previous article by Heymsfield (Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn. 28 : 841–855 (1999)). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling for clays with internal discontinuity surfaces     

Evghenia Sakellariadi  Giuseppe Scarpelli 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(7):721-744

A numerical model capable of performing deformation analysis of a medium containing discontinuity surfaces is presented. The discontinuity can be either a crack, which can be open or closed, or a shear band. The model consists of two separate numerical algorithms, which are coupled together by means of the principle of superposition. In particular, an integral equation scheme based on the theory of dislocations is adopted for modelling the discontinuity, while a finite element discretization is used for the continuous medium. In this paper the discontinuity modelling is illustrated in detail, together with the specific formulation of the principle of superposition adopted, and some simple examples of application are presented. The well-known modelling approach based on Fracture Mechanics theory is also briefly discussed. The two models are compared and some advantages and drawbacks of each are pointed out, comments are made regarding their applicability in the specific case of soil mechanics, and conclusions are drawn as regards the conditions under which one or the other is appropriate. Finally, a full-scale example of deformation analysis using the proposed model is presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南北构造带北段上地幔各向异性特征   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

常利军  丁志峰  王椿镛 《地球物理学报》2016,59(11):4035-4047

对布设在南北构造带北段的中国地震科学探测台阵项目二期674个宽频带流动台站和鄂尔多斯台阵21个宽频带流动台站记录的远震XKS(SKS、SKKS和PKS)波形资料作偏振分析,采用最小切向能量的网格搜索法和"叠加"分析方法求得每一个台站的XKS波的快波偏振方向和快、慢波的时间延迟,并结合该区域出版的122个固定台站的分裂结果,获得了南北构造带北段上地幔各向异性图像.快波方向分布显示青藏高原东北缘、阿拉善块体和鄂尔多斯块体西缘的快波方向主要表现为NW—SE方向,秦岭造山带的快波方向为近E—W方向,鄂尔多斯块体内部的快波方向在北部为近N—S方向,南部表现为近E—W方向.时间延迟分布来看,鄂尔多斯块体的时间延迟不仅明显小于其周缘地区,而且小于其他构造单元,特别是在高原东北缘、阿拉善块体和鄂尔多斯块体的交汇地区的时间延迟很大,反映了构造稳定单元的时间延迟小于构造活跃单元.通过比较快波方向的横波分裂测量值与地表变形场模拟的预测值,并结合研究区地质构造和岩石圈结构特征分析表明,在青藏高原东北缘、阿拉善块体和鄂尔多斯块体西缘各向异性主要由岩石圈变形引起,地表变形与地幔变形一致,地壳耦合于地幔,是一种垂直连贯变形模式;秦岭造山带的各向异性不仅来自于岩石圈,而且其岩石圈板块驱动的软流圈地幔流作用不可忽视;鄂尔多斯块体内部深浅变形不一致,具有弱的各向异性、厚的岩石圈和构造稳定的特征,我们认为其各向异性可能保留了古老克拉通的"化石"各向异性.  相似文献