准层序、岩性变换带在陆相红盆中的应用——以民和盆地1∶5万红古城、新寺乡幅的白垩纪地层为例          下载免费PDF全文

蔡雄飞  李长安  顾延生 《沉积与特提斯地质》1999,19(6):37-43

陆相红盆与海相盆地在层序地层的基本单元和沉积作用等方面存在巨大差异。层序地层的基本概念、基本理论具体在陆相盆地中的应用 ,应紧密结合陆相盆地自身的发育特点 ,创造出一套真正适合于陆相盆地层序地层学的概念和模式。陆相地层与海相地层相比规律性不明显 ,“层板对比”模式不适合陆相盆地地层分布实际。准层序和岩性变换带的使用 ,是根据内陆红盆层序地层发育的自身特点 ,通过民和盆地白垩纪地层工作实践而提出的。它可以揭示陆相红盆层序地层的主控因素 ,把横向无序变为与成因相关的同期有序地层 ,使陆相层序、区域地层划分对比的研究不但可能 ,而且十分有效。  相似文献   

滇东-川西下二叠统白云岩的形成机理--玄武岩淋滤白云化   总被引：24，自引：7，他引：17  

金振奎  冯增昭 《沉积学报》1999,17(3):383-389

在滇东－ 川西地区的下二叠统中,白云岩发育,并可分两种类型:块状白云岩和斑状白云岩。块状白云岩呈浅灰色、灰色,主要由细晶或中晶白云岩石组成。白云岩的δ13C为+0.8‰～+3.5‰, 平均+2.7‰; δ18O为 -6.8‰～-9.1‰, 平均 -7.8‰。 Sr 为 25×10-6～52×10-6, 平均 39×10-6; Na 为 52×10-6～74×10-6, 平均 64×10-6。斑状白云岩呈灰色,由白云岩斑块和交代残余的石灰岩斑块组成,其中白云岩斑块含量大于50 %。白云岩斑块呈云朵状,大小多为几厘米至二十几厘米。白云岩斑块由细晶和中晶白云石组成。白云石呈自形或半自形,含量60% ～ 90%。白云石的δ13C为+0.8‰～+3.5‰, 平均+2.7‰; δ18O为 -6.8‰～-9.1‰, 平均 -7.8‰。 Sr 为 25×10-6～52×10-6, 平均 39×10-6; Na 为 52×10-6～74×10-6, 平均 64×10-6。各种资料表明,块状白云岩和斑状白云岩成因相同,只是白云化程度不同。白云岩是在埋藏环境中较高温度条件下形成的。白云化水来自淋滤峨嵋山玄武岩的大气  相似文献   

克拉通、下地壳与大陆岩石圈——庆贺沈其韩先生百年华诞     

翟明国  张艳斌  李秋立  邹屹  何海龙  单厚香  刘博  颜朝磊  刘鹏 《岩石学报》2021,37(1):1-23

把克拉通、下地壳和大陆岩石圈这几个重要的地质名词放在一起做文章的标题,其实只是想强调一个事情,即陆壳形成和稳定化的结果是形成大陆岩石圈。大陆岩石圈是地球圈层的基本单元,是现代板块构造运动的核心构件和核心载体。忽视大陆岩石圈,要讨论地球上大陆与大洋、地壳与地幔、地球的深部圈层与外部圈层、内部圈层间相互作用以及物质与能量的交换等问题都无法深入。大陆岩石的最初形成可能在冥古宙早期已经开始,全球大陆的稳定化即克拉通化一般认为完成于太古宙末,并开启了元古宙的新纪元。对大陆壳的形成机制和演化过程,已经有很多讨论,但是还存在许多争议。而对大陆岩石圈人们知之不多,文献中常常在早期的小的陆壳形成,即陆核或微陆块阶段,就将其与大陆岩石圈的概念混为一谈。岩石圈的形成固然是大陆形成演化的结果,但是岩石圈的物质组成、结构和物理性质等从最初形成到成熟并成为稳定的地球独立圈层并足以承担板块构造的重任,可能经历了不止一个阶段。本文强调应对岩石圈的形成和演化给予更多的关注,并深化研究大陆地壳形成、克拉通化对大陆岩石圈形成的贡献。  相似文献   

遥感与地理信息系统技术在长江下游江岸稳定性评价中的应用   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  

黄家柱 《地理科学》1999,19(6):521-524

应用多时相遥感动态分析方法对长江南京以下河段近四十多年来江岸变迁进行调查,并建成江岸变迁图形数据库。对多期航道水深测量资料进行动态分析,建成航道水深数据库。应用地理信息系统技术,研究河床时空演变规律,结合沿江地质地貌,护岸工程等消息,对长江下游江岸稳定性进行评价。  相似文献   

Dating of detrital zircon grains and fossils from Late Palaeozoic sediments of the Baruo area,Tibet: constraints on the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Lhasa terrane     

Ming Wang  Xiao-wen Zeng  Chao-Ming Xie  Awang Danzeng  Cai Li  Jian-Jun Fan 《International Geology Review》2020,62(4):465-478

ABSTRACT

To determine the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Lhasa terrane, we report the results of field mapping, petrological and fossil investigations, and U–Pb dating of detrital zircon grains (n = 474) from lower-greenschist-facies clastic rocks of the Lagar Formation in the Baruo area, Tibet. Our results indicate that the Lagar Formation was deposited during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian in a shallow-marine environment on the northern margin of Gondwana. Glacial marine diamictites are common within the Lagar Formation and record glaciation of Gondwana during the Late Palaeozoic. Moreover, the detrital materials of the Lagar formation originated mostly from the collision orogenic belt. The ages of detrital zircon grains from the Lagar Formation make up five main groups with ages of 410–540 Ma, 550–650 Ma, 800–1100 Ma, 1600–1800 Ma, and 2300–2500 Ma, which display three characteristic age peaks at ~1150, 2390 and 2648 Ma. We tentatively suggest that the Lhasa terrane was a shallow-marine basin under the influence of the Gondwanan glaciation during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian.  相似文献   

Stochastic evolution of hydraulic geometry relations in the lower Yellow River of China under environmental uncertainties     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(4):328-346

Hydraulic geometry relations comprise a classic way to understand characteristics of a river. However, environmental changes pose large uncertainties for the reliability of such relations. In the current study, on the basis of the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) formed through linear treatment of the deterministic power-law hydraulic geometry relations, a set of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Fractional white noise and Poisson noise are developed to simulate the historical dynamic probability distributions of typical hydraulic geometry variables such as slope, width, depth, and velocity with bankfull discharge variation over time in the lower Yellow River of China. One group of possible stochastic average behaviors within the next 50 years are calculated under three different design incoming water-sediment conditions (including 300, 600, and 800 million t of annual average sediment discharge). In each part of the lower reaches, after estimation of the SDE parameters using a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method, the model is carefully examined using Monte Carlo simulation as compared with the deterministic control models. The results of this comparison reveal the potential responses of hydraulic geometry characteristics to environmental disturbances, and the average trends mainly agree with the measurements. Comparisons among the three different prediction results reveal the stochastic average solution generally is greater than the deterministic solution. The results also confirm the severe negative impacts that result from the condition of 300 million t of incoming sediment, thus, pointing out the need to raise the level of river evolution alert for the lower Yellow River of China in the future. Moreover, with the help of the stochastic computation, the stream power and hydraulic width/depth ratio could be representative of an effective systematic measure for river dynamics. The proposed stochastic approach is not only important to development in the field of fluvial relations, but also beneficial to the practical design and monitoring of a river system according to specified accuracy requirements.  相似文献   

佛子岭群逆时针P-T轨迹对大别碰撞造山带构造演化的探究     

杨根山  石永红  唐虎  李秋立  侯振辉 《岩石学报》2020,36(12):3654-3672

佛子岭群位于大别造山带最北缘，处于华北和扬子两大板块结合部位，构造位置十分关键，是解析两大板块精细耦合过程和探究大别造山带晚古生代构造事件的重要单元。然而，由于长期以来佛子岭群一直被视为"浅变质"复理石沉积单元，因而对其变质演化过程的解析较为薄弱，制约了对大别造山带形成过程的全面理解。本次通过对老虎场-龚店地质剖面细致的观测，石榴黑云母片麻岩精细的岩相学、矿物化学分析、热力学评价和年代学研究，建立了佛子岭群一个逆时针P-T变质演化型式。研究显示，佛子岭群记录了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ四个变质阶段，温压变化依次为：①T=658~663℃、P=1.08~1.16GPa→②T=755~762℃、P=1.21~1.45GPa→③T=549~554℃、P=1.08~1.19GPa→④P_标定=0.3~0.6GPa、T=477~499℃，①至③为近等压升温和降温过程，③至④则表现为近等温降压型式。锆石U-Pb定年显示了1484±64Ma~1180±192Ma、995±35Ma~606±14Ma和370±14Ma~331±8Ma三组年龄，前两组代表了碎屑锆石年龄；第三组共计7颗锆石，年龄集中，Th/U比值0.01~0.03，加权平均年龄为344±11Ma，代表了主期变质年龄。结合此次地质剖面结构特征和岩石类型，以及前人白云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar的270~255Ma变质年龄，表明佛子岭群记录了两期变质事件，早期为晚古生代的拉张背景下的岛弧根部变质，晚期为晚古生代末的较为快速抬升构造热事件，并据此推测大别造山带可能为增生和碰撞复合型造山带。  相似文献   

Regularity of sediment transport and sedimentation during floods in the lower Yellow River,China     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(1):97-104

The flood season is the main period of flow,sediment transport,and sedimentation in the lower Yellow River(LYR).Within the flood season,most of the flow,sediment transport,and sedimentation occurs during flood events.Because of the importance of floods in forming riverbeds in the LYR,the regularity of sediment transport and sedimentation during floods in the LYR was studied.Measured daily discharge and sediment transport rate data for the LYR from 1960 to 2006 were used.A total of 299 floods were selected;these floods had a complete evolution of the flood process from the Xiaolangdi to the Lijin hydrological stations.For five hydrological stations(Xiaolangdi,Huayuankou,Gaocun,Aishan,and Lijin),a correlation was first established for floods of different magnitudes between the average sediment transport rate at a given station and the average sediment concentration at the closest upstream station.The results showed that the sediment transport rate at the downstream station was strongly correlated with the inflow(upstream station) sediment concentration during a flood event.A relation then was established between sedimentation in the LYR and the average sediment concentration at the Xiaolangdi station during a flood event.From this relation,the critical sediment concentrations were obtained for absolute erosion,sedimentation equilibrium,and absolute deposition during floods of different magnitudes in the LYR.The results of the current study contri b ute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of sediment transport and the regularity of sedimentation in the LYR during floods,and provide technical support to guide the joint operation of reservoirs and the regulation of the LYR.  相似文献   

松辽盆地东南缘下白垩统沙河子组铀矿化特征及成矿潜力     

赵岳  李轲岩  徐强  范晶晶  丁蓉  霍超 《高校地质学报》2020,26(3):294-302

依据钻孔岩心、测井曲线及样品测试数据，分析了松辽盆地东南缘下白垩统沙河子组沉积相及沉积体系、铀矿化特征，并从铀源、构造、沉积、古气候及岩石地球化学类型等方面入手，分析了铀矿成矿条件，在此基础上，评价了盆地东南缘下白垩统铀成矿潜力。研究认为，含矿目的层沙河子组上段沉积环境主要为扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道及分流河道间微相，铀矿化主要分布在扇三角洲水下分流河道微相环境或水下分流河道微相与分流河道间微相接触界面附近。含矿目的层岩石类型主要为长石石英砂岩、石英长石砂岩，次要为岩屑长石砂岩。铀矿化层岩石类型为砂岩及含泥砂岩，厚度平均0.30 m，品位平均0.0259%，平米铀量平均0.0775 kg/m²，铀镭平衡系数平均0.99，铀矿化层形态呈板状。研究区铀源丰富、构造条件适中、岩性—岩相组合较有利、古气候适宜、含矿层岩石还原能力及吸附能力较强，砂岩型铀矿成矿潜力较大。  相似文献   

北阿尔金早古生代同碰撞花岗质岩浆记录及其对增生造山过程的启示     

吴玉  陈正乐  陈柏林  王永  孙岳  孟令通  何江涛  王斌 《岩石学报》2021,37(5):1321-1346

本文对出露在北阿尔金的喀腊大湾似斑状花岗岩、沟口泉似斑状二长花岗岩、卓尔布拉克花岗岩和木孜萨依白云母花岗岩进行了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。地球化学特征显示喀腊大湾似斑状花岗岩具有高硅和钠,低铁、镁和钙的特征,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.03～1.04,属弱过铝质I-S过渡型花岗岩;沟口泉似斑状二长花岗岩和卓尔布拉克花岗岩具有相对高的钠含量和准铝质-弱过铝质特征,表现为I型花岗岩;木孜萨依白云母花岗岩具有高硅、富碱、富集Rb、Th和LREE,亏损Ba、Sr、Ti和Eu特征,铝饱和指数大于1.1,属过铝质S型花岗岩。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示4个岩体的年龄分别为432.4±4.9Ma、432.8±4.1Ma、439.6±3.5Ma和437.3±2.4Ma。结合区域地质资料和构造判别图解,揭示这4个岩体均形成于同碰撞构造背景下,表明北阿尔金洋最终关闭以及洋陆转换的时间节点应为445～440Ma。锆石Hf同位素结果显示沟口泉似斑状二长花岗岩和卓尔布拉克花岗岩岩浆起源于新生地壳物质的部分熔融;喀腊大湾似斑状花岗岩起源于变杂砂岩部分熔融,木孜萨依白云母花岗岩起源于变泥质岩石的低程度部分熔融;但喀腊大湾似斑状花岗岩和木孜萨依白云母花岗岩ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为+0.18～+5.88和-6.47～+4.52,反映二者的岩浆源区也均有新生地壳物质的加入。上述这些特征与北祁连早古生代同碰撞花岗岩体具有良好的可对比性,进一步支持二者曾作为统一的整体经历了洋盆裂解-扩张-俯冲-闭合造山等构造演化过程。  相似文献