中国的地质环境与隐伏矿床   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

刘光鼎  郝天珧 《地球物理学报》1998,(2)

从地质学的角度我们认识到东西向构造带的重要,通过地球物理资料解释,表明我国存在南北向梯级带．中国大陆是由多个块体拼合而成的,它具有“东西成带,南北分块”的特征．如果将阴山—燕山、秦岭—大别和南岭三条东西向构造带,大兴安岭—太行山—武陵山、贺兰山—龙门山南北带两条南北向梯级带以及松潘—甘孜、柴达木两个三角地区统一来考虑的话,可以用“三横、两竖和两个三角”来形象地比喻中国大陆宏观构造特征．它们与矿产资源的分布有着密切的联系  相似文献   

贵州省岩溶地区饮用天然矿泉水化学特征及其宏量组分来源分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

江峰  李强  吉勤克补子  周亚男 《贵州地质》2019,36(2):173-179

贵州省饮用天然矿泉水资源非常丰富,且水质优良,本文对贵州省岩溶地区饮用天然矿泉水进行了系统的水样采集、水质化验等工作。检测结果显示,贵州省岩溶区饮用天然矿泉水pH值7. 0～8. 1,为中性水;溶解性总固体(TDS)含量介于160. 64～925. 10 mg/L之间,平均含量为369. 70 mg/L,属淡水;总硬度(以CaCO_3计) 136. 8～740. 6 mg/L,平均硬度为293. 0 mg/L,属微硬-硬水;有益元素锶含量介于0. 11～6. 91 mg/L之间,平均含量为1. 28 mg/L,总体上,贵州省饮用天然矿泉水属中性微硬-硬富锶型淡水。Piper三线图显示其水化学类型以HCO~(3-)-Ca~(2+)(Mg~(2+))为主。基于前人研究成果,并结合多种地球化学图解分析,旨在剖析贵州省饮用天然矿泉水水化学特征,探讨其宏量组分来源。贵州省饮用天然矿泉水Gibbs图解显示,其水化学组分主要来源于岩石风化淋滤作用,部分受大气降雨影响较明显; Mg/Na-Ca/Na图解投点均落于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩之间,且明显偏向于碳酸盐岩,指示其主要受控于碳酸盐岩的溶滤作用;HCO~(3-)-(Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+))图解投点主要集中在方解石和白云石过渡区域,显示其主要来源于方解石的溶解,白云石溶解亦有一定贡献。通过宏量组分来源相关分析,对贵州省岩溶地区饮用天然矿泉水成因规律的认识有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

Investigation of the Macroscopic Anomalies before and after the M8. 0 Wenchuan Earthquake     

Zhang Xiaotao  Zhang Yongxian  Xu Dunhuang 《中国地震研究》2010,24(1):48-69

The macroscopic anomalies before and after the May 12,2008 Wenchuan M8. 0 earthquake were collected and analyzed in this paper. The credible anomalies occurring from February 1 to June 10,2008 were treated as macroscopic anomalies,and their space-time distribution was studied. The research indicates that in time distribution, the number of macroscopic anomalies peaked before the earthquake, and these peak values appeared twice after the earthquake. In space distribution, the distribution of macroscopic anomalies before the earthquake was the same as that after the earthquake. In this paper, the mechanism of occurrence of macroscopic anomalies and the role of macroscopic anomalies in forecasting earthquake were also discussed.  相似文献   

土壤有毒元素镉污染修复方法探讨   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

范迪富  吴新民陈宝黄顺生  颜朝阳 《江苏地质》2005,29(1):32-36

植物中的镉含量与土壤溶液中的镉含量成正相关关系，与土壤的pH值成负相关关系，土壤的酸碱度对植物吸收重金属元素具有显著的控制作用。因此，通过提高呈酸性土壤的pH值可以降低植物中的镉含量，解决植物中的镉超标问题。在土壤中施用硅酸钙、碳酸钙、熟石灰、硅酸镁钙等农用石灰性物质，特别是熟石灰，是提高土壤pH值最有效、最经济、最可行的方法。利用我省丰富而廉价的粘土资源，配合施加碱性物质，可更进一步提高土壤“抵抗力”，确保重金属镉超标区植物的安全。  相似文献   

Advances in elucidating biogeochemical processes in soils: It is about scale and interfaces   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Donald L. Sparks   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):243

Contributions in biogeochemical research have immensely benefited humankind, including enhanced food production and the quality of our environment. This overview paper focuses on recent breakthroughs in elucidating biogeochemical processes in soils and other natural materials and delineates frontiers for the present decade and beyond. Frontiers will undoubtedly involve multiple spatial and temporal scale investigations, elucidation of reactions at biological, chemical, and physical interfaces, and the use of advanced in situ technologies in combination with interdisciplinary research.  相似文献   

Main Factors Affecting the Distribution of the Macroscopic Destruction Field of Earthquake     

Li Minfeng  Li Shengqiang  Chen Yong  Mi Hongliang 《中国地震研究》2001,15(2):103-123

It is proposed that some possible macroseismic epicenters can be determined quickly from the relationship that the microseismic epicenters located by instruments bear with faults.Based on these so-called macroseismic epicenters,we can make fast seismic hazard estimation after a shock by use of the empirical distribution model of seismic intensity.In comparison with the method that uses the microseismic epicenters directly,this approach can increase the preccision of fast seismic hazard estimation.Statistical analysis of 133 main earthquakes in China was made.The result shows that the deviation distance between the microseismic epicenter and macroseismic epicenter falls within the range of 35km for 88% earthquakes of the total and within the range of 35to 75km for the remaining ones.Then,we can take the area that has the microseismic epicenter as its center and is 35km in radius as the area for emphatic analysis,and take the area within 75km around the microseismic epicenter as the area for general analysis.The relation between the 66 earthquake cases on the N-S Seismic Belt in China and the spatial distribution characteristics of faults and the results of focal mechanism solution were analyzed in detail.We know from the analysis that the error of instrumental epicenter determination is not the only factor that gives effects to the deviation of the macroseismic epicenter.In addiditon to it,the fault size,fault distribution,fault activity,fault intersection types,earthquake magnitude,etc,are also main affecting factors.By sorting out ,processing and analyzing these affecting factors,the principle and procedures for quickly determining the possible position of the macroseismic epicenter were set up.Taking these as a basis and establishing a nationwide database of faults that contains relevant factors,it is possible to apply this method in practical fast estimation of seismic hazard.  相似文献   

Local Knowledge on Plants and Domestic Remedies in the Mountain Villages of Peshkopia（Eastern Albania）   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andrea PIERONI  Anely NEDELCHEVA  Avni HAJDARI  Behxhet MUSTAFA  Bruno SCALTRITI  Kevin CIANFAGLIONE  Cassandra L.QUAVE 《山地科学学报》2014,(1):180-194

Ethnobotanical studies in the Balkans are crucial for fostering sustainable rural development in the region and also for investigating the dynamics of change of Traditional Ecological Knowledge（TEK）,which has broad-sweeping implications for future biodiversity conservation efforts.A survey of local botanical and medical knowledge and practices was conducted in four mountainous villages of the Peshkopia region in northeast Albania,near the Macedonian border.Snowball sampling techniques were employed to recruit 32 informants for participation in semi-structured interviews regarding the use of the local flora for food,medicinal,veterinary and ritual purposes.The uses of 84 botanical taxa were recorded as well as a number of other folk remedies for the treatment of both humans and livestock.Comparison of the collected data with another ethnobotanical field study recently conducted among Albanians living on the Macedonian side of Mount Korab shows a remarkable divergence in medicinal plant uses,thus confirming the crucial role played by the history of the last century in transforming TEK.Most noteworthy,as a legacy of the Communist period,a relevant number of wild medicinal taxa are still gathered only for trade rather than personal/familial use.This may lead to unsustainable exploitation of certain taxa（i.e.Orchis and Gentiana spp.） and presents some important conservation challenges.Appropriate development and environmental educational frameworks should aim to reconnect local people to the perception of limitation and renewability of botanical resources.  相似文献   

江苏高邮、宝应交界4.9级地震的震害分析     

刘建达  杨伟林  李丽梅  邓民宪  谭慧明 《中国地震研究》2013,27(4):527-541

Based on the network monitoring data and field investigations, the basic characteristics of the Ms4. 9 earthquake at the juncture of Gaoyou and Baoying in Jiangsu Province on July 20, 2012 have been introduced, and the focal mechanism solutions have also been obtained. According to the regional tectonic features and site macroscopic survey, the occurrence of the earthquake was probably related to the Yangchacang-Sangshutou fault. Based on site survey data, both the evaluation criterion of seismic intensity of this region and the seismic intensity maps have been proposed. According to the damage characteristics of brick-concrete structure and brick-wood structure, the main reasons of serious damage for buildings are poor foundation conditions, low seismic bearing capacity, poor quality of construction and disrepair. Considering the differences of earthquake damage in the different regions, advice on accelerating the new rural construction, improving the resistance against earthquake disasters of rural residential areas and strengthening the seismogenic research on strong and moderate size earthquake is proposed, which will be possibly helpful for earthquake damage survey, prediction and prevention.  相似文献   

新疆“三网一员”宏观异常测报系统建设     

冉慧敏  高小其  郑黎明  杨晓芳 《内陆地震》2013,27(1):20-28

介绍了新疆“三网一员”宏观异常测报系统的建立及基本情况。通过总结新源—和静Ms6．6地震宏观异常测报工作,发现了运行过程中存在的突出问题。《新疆宏观测报日常管理与应用系统》的应用与推广,可以克服对宏观测报点信息与异常信息掌握不及时、不完整的问题。  相似文献   

新疆2次地震前宏观异常的对比分析     

梁卉  杨晓芳  黄建明 《内陆地震》2013,(4):352-355

2008年3月21日,新疆于田、策勒县交界处发生了7．4级地震;2012年6月30日,新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州新源县、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和静县交界处发生了6．6级地震。通过统计计算对比分析两次震后获得的宏观异常数据,得出以下几点结论：（1）强震发生前,都存在一定数量的宏观异常现象;（2）震区烈度越高,出现的宏观异常现象越多;（3）在各类宏观异常现象中,动物类异常所占比例最大,接下来依次是地声、地光类异常、地下水异常和其他不常见异常现象;（4）在震前宏观异常现象中,地下水异常出现最早,地声、地光异常出现最晚,而动物类异常出现时间则居于二者之间。  相似文献