獐子岛养殖区夏季底层水温快速变化的机理分析     

南学良  魏皓  凡仁福  杨伟 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,42(5):46-54

Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture. The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island. The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea(NYS) suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front. The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station. Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature. When the angle equals 90°, the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same. When the angle is between 0° and 90°, the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases. In contrast, the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90° and 180°. The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient. This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.  相似文献   

Application of flocculation combined with vacuum preloading to reduce river-dredged sludge     

Feiyu Liu  Wenqing Wu  Jun Wang  Jun Hai  Yuanqiang Cai 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):164-173

Abstract

To achieve the rapid dewatering of dredged sludge, the flocculation–vacuum-preloading method was tested indoors. In this study, the optimal mixing ratio of six flocculants was determined through the settling column test, and then the proposed method was tested. The water drainage and settlement were monitored during the test, while the soil moisture content and shear strength were measured after the test. The results show that all the flocculants had an optimal mixing ratio, and the addition of 0.8% FeCl₃ or 0.08% anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) in the sludge can better accelerate solid–liquid separation of the sludge. After the test, the water content in the sludge decreased from 140% to 60%. Compared with general vacuum preloading, the use of the proposed method increased the water drainage by 46.5% and 56.8% and decreased the soil volumes by 60.5% and 82.4% for FeCl₃ and APAM, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding shear strength was increased from 10 to 14 and 17?kPa. In addition, the use of APAM increased the solidification rate of heavy metals in the sludge to more than 80%, effectively inhibiting the migration of heavy metals.  相似文献   

一种污水排海的近远区计算与控制方法──以大亚湾水容量计算及污水排海为例     

韩保新  彭海君  曾小清  胡康萍  吕先林 《热带海洋学报》1996,(4)

针对点容量计算中混合区限制的要求，采用了动量积分法、经验公式法和有限差分法，分别对污水排放后可能引起的近区、过渡区和远区的污水浓度变化进行了模拟预测，并就一定的限制性条件对容量点近区、高浓度混合区及容量点远区影响范围进行了分析。在大亚湾水容量计算及污水排海规划中的应用表明，该法具有计算机时较省、精度相对较高等优点。  相似文献   

具有内波特性的渤海南部次重力波     

范植松  高郭平  尹训强  范宇  吴玮 《海洋学报》2003,25(5):136-140

次重力波(infragravity waves)是频率范围介于局地平均Brunt-V¾is¾l¾频率和0.05Hz(涌浪频率)之间的一种海洋波动,其能量在深水大洋中一般甚低,但在浅海中却很强.该波动的研究对于浅海海洋内部混合、近岸海洋工程、海洋生态学、海洋沉积学及军事海洋学均有重要的意义.Munk[1]很早就开始研究这类波动,然而主要由于观测技术的限制,对于该类波动的动力学机制的研究进展迟缓.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of hyperpycnal flows in an idealized river mouth     

Yan Wang  Houjie Wang  Naishuang Bi  Zuosheng Yang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Numerical experiments in an idealized river mouth are conducted using a three-dimensional hydrodynamics model (EFDC model) to examine the impacts of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), settling velocity of sediment and tidal mixing on the formation and maintenance of estuarine hyperpycnal flows. The standard experiment presents an illustrative view of hyperpycnal flows that carry high-concentrated sediment and low-salinity water in the bottom layer (>1.0 m in thickness) along the subaqueous slope. The structure and intra-tidal variation of the simulated hyperpycnal flows are quite similar to those previously observed off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth. Results from the three control experiments show that SSC of river effluents is the most important parameter to the formation of hyperpycnal flows. High SSC will increase the bulk density of river effluents and thus offset the density difference between freshwater and seawater. Low SSC of river effluents will produce a surface river plume, as commonly observed in most large estuaries. Both the settling velocity of sediment particles and the tidal mixing play an important role in maintaining the hyperpycnal flows. Increasing settling velocity enhances the deposition of sediment from the hyperpycnal layer and thus accelerates the attenuation of hyperpycnal flows, whereas increasing tidal mixing destroys the stratification of water column and therefore makes the hyperpycnal flows less evident. Our results from numerical experiments are of importance to understand the initiation and maintenance of hyperpycnal flows in estuaries and provide a reference to the rapidly decaying hyperpycnal flows off the Huanghe river mouth due to climatic and anthropogenic forcing over the past several decades.  相似文献   

Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Baltic Sea by excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Piotr Kowalczuk  Joanna Sto&#x;-Egiert  William J. Cooper  Robert F. Whitehead  Michael J. Durako 《Marine Chemistry》2005,96(3-4):273-292

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the major light absorber in the Baltic Sea. In this study, excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra and UV–visible absorption spectra of CDOM are reported as a function of salinity. Samples from different locations and over different seasons were collected during four cruises in 2002 and 2003 in the Baltic Sea in both Pomeranian Bay and the Gulf of Gdansk. Absorption by CDOM decreased with increased distance from the riverine source and reached a relatively stable absorption background in the open sea. Regression analysis showed that fluorescence intensity was linearly related to absorption by CDOM at 375 nm and a_CDOM(375) absorption coefficients were inversely related to salinity. Analysis of CDOM-EEM spectra indicated that a change in composition of CDOM occurred along the salinity gradient in the Baltic Sea. Analysis of percent contribution of respective fluorophore groups to the total intensity of EEM spectra indicated that the fluorescence peaks associated with terrestrial humic components of the CDOM and total integrated fluorescence decreased with decreasing CDOM absorption. In contrast, the protein-like fraction of CDOM decreased to a lesser degree than the others. Analysis of the percent contribution of fluorescence peak intensities to the total fluorescence along the salinity gradient showed that the contribution of protein-like fluorophores increased from 2.6% to 5.1% in the high-salinity region of the transect. Fluorescence and absorption changes observed in the Baltic Sea were similar to those observed in similar transects that have been sampled elsewhere, e.g. in European estuaries, Gulf of Mexico, Mid-Atlantic Bight and the Cape Fear River plume in the South Atlantic Bight, although the changes in the Baltic Sea occurred over a much smaller salinity gradient.  相似文献   

Effects of the seasonal variation in chlorophyll concentration on sea surface temperature in the global ocean     

Jinfeng Ma  Hailong Liu  Pengfei Lin  Haigang Zhan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(11):50-61

The effects of biological heating on the upper-ocean temperature of the global ocean are investigated using two ocean-only experiments forced by prescribed atmospheric fields during 1990–2007, on with fixed constant chlorophyll concentration, and the other with seasonally varying chlorophyll concentration. Although the existence of high chlorophyll concentrations can trap solar radiation in the upper layer and warm the surface, cooling sea surface temperature (SST) can be seen in some regions and seasons. Seventeen regions are selected and classified according to their dynamic processes, and the cooling mechanisms are investigated through heat budget analysis. The chlorophyll-induced SST variation is dependent on the variation in chlorophyll concentration and net surface heat flux and on such dynamic ocean processes as mixing, upwelling and advection. The mixed layer depth is also an important factor determining the effect. The chlorophyll-induced SST warming appears in most regions during the local spring to autumn when the mixed layer is shallow, e.g., low latitudes without upwelling and the mid-latitudes. Chlorophyll-induced SST cooling appears in regions experiencing strong upwelling, e.g., the western Arabian Sea, west coast of North Africa, South Africa and South America, the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, and strong mixing (with deep mixed layer depth), e.g., the mid-latitudes in winter.  相似文献   

刘公岛海洋牧场底层海水溶解氧浓度的变化特征     

李兆钦  李欣  孙利元  刘子洲  顾艳镇  翟方国  李培良 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(1):86-99

由于缺乏长期观测资料,前人对山东半岛邻近海域海水溶解氧的时间变化和空间分布特征的研究较少。本文基于威海刘公岛海洋牧场于2016年7月20日至2017年3月14日期间,利用生态环境实时在线观测系统获得的底层海水的温度、盐度、水深、溶解氧数据,分析了该牧场海水溶解氧浓度的时间变化特征及其影响因素,并探讨了低氧灾害发生的可能性。结果表明在观测期间,该牧场海水溶解氧浓度以季节变化为主,冬季最大、夏季最小,其中2月份平均值最高,约为10.86mg/L,8月份平均值最低,约为5.91mg/L。同时海水溶解氧浓度也存在显著的小时变化和日变化,且变化幅度于8月份最大、3月份最小。影响海水溶解氧浓度变化的主要因素是海水温度,溶解氧浓度随着温度的季节性变化而变化。夏季,水体分层会使溶解氧浓度发生大幅度的降低,大风过程对于溶解氧浓度也有一定的影响,通过打破夏季的季节性温跃层使水体发生垂向混合从而为海底提供氧气,但大风过程之后的几天会出现溶解氧浓度降低的现象。本次研究发现刘公岛海洋牧场在观测期间不存在低氧现象。  相似文献   

湖南骑田岭花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的地球化学与壳幔岩浆的混合作用   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18  

付建明  谢才富  彭松柏  杨哓君  梅玉萍 《地球学报》2006,27(6):557-569

骑田岭岩体是南岭地区燕山早期具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩典型代表。其主体岩性为角闪黑云二长花岗岩和(角闪石)黑云正长花岗岩,其中发育暗色微粒包体和由暗色矿物组成的团块或条带。暗色微粒包体具有岩浆混合的大部分岩相学证据。如包体的浑圆状外形、塑性形变、冷凝边、斜长石An的“双峰式”分布、似环斑长石、针状磷灰石等。包体属于准铝质(A/KNC=0.72～1.00,平均0.85)钾玄岩系列岩石,寄主岩石为准铝或弱过铝质(A/KNC=0.89～1.06,平均0.97)高钾钙碱性系列的岩石。二者在主量和微量元素上表现出岩浆混合成因的演化趋势。包体与寄主岩石的同位素组成具趋同性,它们的ISr和εNd(t)值分别为0.71041～0.71263、-6.9～-5.3和0.70854～0.71416、-9.2～-5.1,均表现出壳幔混源花岗岩类岩石的特点。包体K-Ar年龄为152Ma,与其寄主岩石的形成年龄(155～161Ma)接近,显示岩浆混合作用发生的时间大致为晚侏罗世早期。对包体及其寄主岩石产出的构造背景和地球化学特征的综合分析表明,该岩体中的暗色微粒包体是在伸展作用的大地构造背景下,上涌的幔源基性岩浆及其诱发的长英质酸性岩浆混合作用的产物。  相似文献   

长坑金银矿床的铅,锶,硫同位素特征与矿化模式   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张生  李统锦  王联魁 《地球学报》1997,18(1):53-60

长坑矿床金、银矿石的铅同位素组成具有一定的差异，前者的２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ比值变化大，后者较富２０７Ｐｂ／２０８Ｐｂ。金矿石中的铅为普通铅与放射成因铅混合而成的异常铅，银矿石中的铅则可能为三阶段铅混合的产物，且二者均为壳源。方解石的８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ比值显示锶来自地壳。金、银矿石硫化物的δ３４Ｓ值分别以分散（平均值为负）和较为集中（平均值为正）为特征，并与铅同位素组成之间存在相关关系。结合金、银的矿化分带现象，提出了铅同位素特征与氧化势不同的流体相互混合的成矿模式。  相似文献