Chalcophile element partitioning between sulfide phases and hydrous mantle melt: Applications to mantle melting and the formation of ore deposits     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Understanding the geochemical behavior of chalcophile elements in magmatic processes is hindered by the limited partition coefficients between sulfide phases and silicate melt, in particular at conditions relevant to partial melting of the hydrated, metasomatized upper mantle. In this study, the partitioning of elements Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, and Pb between sulfide liquid, monosulfide solid solution (MSS), and hydrous mantle melt has been investigated at 1200 °C/1.5 GPa and oxygen fugacity ranging from FMQ−2 to FMQ+1 in a piston-cylinder apparatus. The determined partition coefficients between sulfide liquid and hydrous mantle melt are: 750–1500 for Cu; 600–1200 for Ni; 35–42 for Co; 35–53 for Pb; and 1–2 for Zn, As, and Mo. The partition coefficients between MSS and hydrous mantle melt are: 380–500 for Cu; 520–750 for Ni; ∼50 for Co; <0.5 for Zn; 0.3–6 for Pb; 0.1–2 for As; 1–2 for Mo; and >34 for Ag. The variation of the data is primarily due to differences in oxygen fugacity. These partitioning data in conjunction with previous data are applied to partial melting of the upper mantle and the formation of magmatic-hydrothermal Cu–Au deposits and magmatic sulfide deposits.I show that the metasomatized arc mantle may no longer contain sulfide after >10–14% melt extraction but is still capable of producing the Cu concentrations in the primitive arc basalts, and that the comparable Cu concentrations in primitive arc basalts and in MORB do not necessarily imply similar oxidation states in their source regions.Previous models proposed for producing Cu- and/or Au-rich magmas have been reassessed, with the conclusions summarized as follows. (1) Partial melting of the oxidized (fO₂ > FMQ), metasomatized arc mantle with sulfide exhaustion at degrees >10–14% may not generate Cu-rich, primitive arc basalts. (2) Partial melting of sulfide-bearing cumulates in the root of thickened lower continental crust or lithospheric mantle does not typically generate Cu- and/or Au-rich magmas, but they do have equivalent potential as normal arc magmas in forming magmatic-hydrothermal Cu–Au deposits in terms of their Cu–Au contents. (3) It is not clear whether partial melting of subducting metabasalts generates Cu-rich adakitic magmas, however adakitic magmas may extract Cu and Au via interaction with mantle peridotite. Furthermore, partial melting of sulfide-bearing cumulates in the deep oceanic crust may be able to generate Cu- and Au-rich magmas. (4) The stabilization of MSS during partial melting may explain the genetic link between Au-Cu mineralization and the metasomatized lithospheric mantle.The chalcophile element tonnage, ratio, and distribution in magmatic sulfide deposits depend on a series of factors. This study reveals that oxygen fugacity also plays an important role in controlling Cu and Ni tonnage and Cu/Ni ratio in magmatic sulfide deposits. Cobalt, Zn, As, Sn, Sb, Mo, Ag, Pb, and Bi concentrations and their ratios in sulfide, due to their different partitioning behavior between sulfide liquid and MSS, can be useful indices for the distribution of platinum-group elements and Au in magmatic sulfide deposits.  相似文献   

新元古代地幔柱事件在Rodinia超大陆西缘的响应:来自马达加斯加的初步证据   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

周久龙  邵帅  吴大天  罗照华  邵俭波  王奎良  赵院冬  Vololonirina RASOAMALALA 《岩石学报》2014,30(11):3366-3374

对于Rodinia超大陆西缘在裂解过程中是否发育巨长安第斯型陆弧存在较大争议.马达加斯加即位于古地理再造Rodinia的西缘位置,其太古宙结晶基底中出露有大量新元古代侵入体,是澄清这一争议的理想研究区.由于基性岩浆岩组分识别不足等原因,前人曾认为这些侵入岩形成于俯冲带陆弧环境.但笔者在中北部Alaotra湖地区野外考察期间发现了大量辉长质岩石,对其中典型岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明其结晶于798~778Ma之间(最大误差估计).因此,这些辉长岩体事实上与岛内其他新元古代侵入体构成了双峰式侵入岩套,暗示了可能的陆内伸展环境.在此基础上,笔者重新审视了前人已发表的地球化学数据,发现该双峰式侵入岩套的基性组分显示富钾特征和拉斑演化趋势,局部甚至发育了强烈地钒钛磁铁矿化;酸性组分则显示富铁、偏铝-过铝质和碱钙-钙碱性特征,并具有相对较高的K₂O/Na₂O和Ga/Al比值以及高场强元素含量,属于A型花岗岩(铁质花岗岩).这些特征进一步表明该双峰式侵入岩套形成于陆内伸展环境而非陆弧环境.结合本文的初步研究结果和区域地质演化历史,笔者认为马达加斯加这一双峰式侵入岩套很可能是新元古代地幔柱事件在Rodinia超大陆西缘的响应.  相似文献   

谱模拟方法在高分辨率地震资料处理中的应用     

尚新民  刁瑞  冯玉苹 《物探与化探》2014,(1):75-80

为了克服地震子波的时变影响,避免复杂的时窗大小选取问题,使得谱模拟方法能更好地适应地震信号是平稳信号的假设条件,将改进S变换与谱模拟方法相结合,形成时频域谱模拟方法。在二维时频谱中进行谱模拟处理,该方法能够克服地震子波随地层深度变化的限制。理论模型及实际资料处理效果显示,时频域谱模拟方法能够有效提高地震分辨率,实现地震资料的高分辨处理。  相似文献   

水中电偶极子空中磁场响应的一维频率域分析     

张双狮  王绪本  王堃鹏  祝忠明  王卫华 《物探化探计算技术》2014,(2):134-141

海洋电磁中浅海作业由于受到空气波的干扰而难于进行,而如果于空中接收电偶极子的磁场响应则可避免空气波的干扰,是一种新的海洋电磁勘探思路。用一维频率域程序,对水中电偶极子在空中的磁场响应进行了计算分析,比较了海底有高阻异常层和低阻异常层时空中磁场响应的变化规律。分别计算测线布置、发射信号频、海水深度、异常储层埋深、异常储层厚度、储层电阻率、空中测量高度等多种因素对空中磁场响应的影响,结果表明,海底有低阻层时空中磁场有更强的响应,归一化幅度异常变化约为10%~60%,而海底有高阻异常储层时响应较弱,归一化异幅度常变化约为2%~8%。因此海洋电磁勘探中于空中接收磁场的模式,更适合浅海区低阻矿产资源的大面积调查。  相似文献   

会泽型(HZT)富锗银铅锌矿床成矿构造动力学研究及年代学约束   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

韩润生  王峰  胡煜昭  王学焜  任涛  邱文龙  钟康惠 《大地构造与成矿学》2014,(4)

川-滇-黔多金属成矿域是会泽型(HZT)富锗银铅锌矿床的主要分布区。近十年来,该类矿床成矿时代及其成矿构造动力学一直是该区研究的主要热点之一。针对铅锌矿床准确定年的难题,首次综合应用地质推断-构造变形筛分-构造古应力系统测量-同位素定年技术,提出冲断褶皱构造形成时代与矿床成矿时代一致,其主体时代为印支晚期(2.0~2.3亿年)。研究认为,该期发生的铅锌多金属成矿作用是川-滇-黔接壤区重要的地质事件,其成矿构造动力学为印支晚期特提斯洋闭合与造山作用在扬子地块西南缘前陆盆地诱发强烈的斜冲走滑,形成一系列冲断褶皱构造带,并发生流体大规模运移,在有利的构造部位形成一批大型-超大型矿床。该认识对深化川-滇-黔多金属成矿域铅锌矿床成矿模型、优选找矿标志、圈定重点找矿靶区和实现找矿突破具有现实意义。  相似文献   

甚宽频带地震计频域标定的噪声数据处理方法   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

周云耀 《大地测量与地球动力学》2004,24(1):121-126

分析了频域标定中的噪声及传统数据处理方法，提出数据处理的本质是噪声处理的观点，探讨了不同噪声的不同处理方法，详细研究了长周期非线性漂移的噪声处理方法，有效地提高了频域标定精度。  相似文献   

Non-Newtonian stagnant lid convection and the thermal evolution of Ganymede and Callisto     

J. Freeman 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(1):2-14

  相似文献   

Using time‐domain reflectometry to characterize shallow solute transport in an oak woodland hillslope in northern California,USA     

Chris G. Campbell  Masoud Ghodrati  Fernando Garrido 《水文研究》2002,16(15):2921-2940

The natural heterogeneity of water and solute movement in hillslope soils makes it difficult to accurately characterize the transport of surface‐applied pollutants without first gathering spatially distributed hydrological data. This study examined the application of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure solute transport in hillslopes. Three different plot designs were used to examine the transport of a conservative tracer in the first 50 cm of a moderately sloping soil. In the first plot, which was designed to examine spatial variability in vertical transport in a 1·2 m² plot, a single probe per meter was found to adequately characterize vertical solute travel times. In addition, a dye and excavation study in this plot revealed lateral preferential flow in small macropores and a transport pattern where solute is focused vertically into preferential flow pathways. The bypass flow delivers solute deeper in the soil, where lateral flow occurs. The second plot, designed to capture both vertical and lateral flow, provided additional evidence confirming the flow patterns identified in the excavation of the first plot. The third plot was designed to examine lateral flow and once again preferential flow of the tracer was observed. In one instance rapid solute transport in this plot was estimated to occur in as little as 3% of the available pore space. Finally, it was demonstrated that the soil anisotropy, although partially responsible for lateral subsurface transport, may also homogenize the transport response across the hillslope by decreasing vertical solute spreading. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mantle metasomatism and generation of Early Permian ultramafic rocks in northern North China CratonSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

王志伟  孙瑜欣  朱泰昌  徐引  刘剑波  张立剑  李灿清  耿晓磊 《岩石学报》2023,(5):1387-1404

华北克拉通北部高寺台晚古生代环状杂岩体是一套富单斜辉石的超镁铁质岩,是研究华北北部地幔碳酸盐化熔体交代作用的理想对象,同时也是华北克拉通北部晚古生代岩浆活动与深部碳循环联系的纽带。作者在岩体西部边缘识别出一套早二叠世早期富铁角闪单斜辉石岩,形成时代为297.8±3.4Ma。结合岩体东部辉石岩早泥盆世和早石炭世的成岩年龄,表明高寺台超镁铁质杂岩体可能是晚古生代多期岩浆侵位的产物。其次,高寺台环状超镁铁质杂岩体缺少大面积辉长岩和闪长岩、硫化物和Cu-Ni-PGE矿化,单斜辉石成分具有裂谷带堆晶岩矿物特征,角闪石也具有相对低的结晶温度(933~947℃)和压力(287~323MPa)及水含量(4.06%~5.10%),而且区域上尚未发现同期环状杂岩体和蛇绿岩,与岛弧拼贴到陆块后沿俯冲带延伸数万米侵位的阿拉斯加型环状杂岩体明显不同。另外,前人的研究显示,与铬铁矿中富镁单斜辉石包裹体平衡的苦橄质母岩浆显示出OIB的特征,具有强烈的重稀土分馏、富Nb和高Nb/La,异常高的Ca/Al和(La/Yb)N,低的Ti/Eu、Zr/Sm和Hf/Sm,这些特征都表明苦橄质母岩浆起源于石榴石相软流圈地幔,且源区遭受过显著的碳酸盐熔体交代。单斜辉石岩中单斜辉石及角闪石成分及其平衡岩浆成分记录了母岩浆与岩石圈地幔相互作用后的岩浆演化过程,也显示出比母岩浆弱的源区碳酸盐熔体交代印记。此外,岩浆房在地壳浅部经历了多期深部岩浆补给和富铁熔体贯入,同时带来热量和挥发分,触发晶粥体活化,促进了岩浆的上升运移。高寺台环状超镁铁质杂岩体具有板内成因特征,可能是陆内岩石圈伸展的产物。华北克拉通北部晚石炭世-早二叠世三个岩浆事件峰期很好地对应着全球三次升温和CO_(2)回升事件,岩石圈伸展能有效促进强烈的中酸性岩浆活动及起源于碳酸盐化地幔的基性岩浆释放出大量的CO_(2),它们可能是晚石炭末期-早二叠世早期全球大气CO_(2)回升的贡献者之一。  相似文献   

地球早期大陆地壳的形成与演化     

樊海龙  杨高学  郭建明  马雪云  刘翔 《地质论评》2022,68(5):2022102002-2022102002

现代地球岩石圈主要由镁铁质上地幔和长英质地壳两个储集层组成,研究大陆地壳的形成和演化对揭示地球早期地质过程和物质循环、厘定板块构造启动时限具有重要意义。冥古宙—始太古代具有更高的地幔潜能温度和地温梯度,岩浆海冷却形成薄的原始地壳;大洋岩石圈表现为韧性,主要构造机制应为停滞盖层模式,有地幔柱参与。太古宙片麻岩中奥长花岗岩—英云闪长岩—花岗闪长岩（TTG）的出现标志着镁铁质原始地壳向长英质陆壳转变的开始。本文总结了地球早期停滞盖层模式到现代板块构造模式下含水玄武岩部分熔融、结晶分异形成大陆地壳的过程,主要包含幔源岩浆停滞盖层（“自下而上”的热管火山岩和“自上而下”的深成侵入岩构造模式）、增厚镁铁质地壳部分熔融、俯冲洋壳、岛弧及洋底高原部分熔融模式;陆壳的破坏和消减主要受陨石撞击、分层沉降、重力不稳导致拆沉控制;板块构造的出现进一步促进了地球内部的热量扩散,俯冲作用加快了洋壳和陆壳之间的物质循环。最后,结合太古宙变质岩、古老克拉通岩石学特征和锆石Hf、O及全岩Nd、Sr、Ar、Ti同位素组成,讨论了陆壳的形成时间和演化过程： 3.0 Ga之前形成了现有陆壳体积的60%~70%,厚度约为20~40 km;3.0~2.5 Ga,地壳改造速率明显增加,陆壳生长和破坏速率达到动态平衡,表明全球性现代板块构造体制逐渐成为控制大陆形成、裂解和陆壳演化的主要因素。  相似文献