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991.
In order to understand the structure and evolution of the Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex, it is necessary to understand the structure and history of its foreland. The Ionian Abyssal Plain is one of the varying types of foreland. The state of knowledge for that is presented. Its contour and detailed relief are described for the first time. Based on published and hitherto unpublished seismic data, information on the thickness of the Plio-Quaternary and on the Messinian evaporites are presented. Of particular interest are data concerning the pre-Messinian reflectors. They indicate a pattern of tilted blocks and horst-like features created in pre-Messinian time by tensional tectonics. Varying subsidence continued, however, during Messinian time and controlled the thickness of evaporites. At some places (e.g. Victor Hensen Seahill) vertical tectonics seem to be still active. The main tectonic structures of the Ionian Abyssal Plain are not related to the process of the present accretion and subduction at the Africa/Eurasia plate boundary but are pre-existing and should influence the internal structure of the Mediterranean Ridge which is still growing at the expense of the foreland. As a consequence of our structural evidence, we favour the following interpretation: the Ionian Abyssal Plain is not a remainder of the Jurassic Tethyan ocean but originated by extensive attenuation of continental crust. 相似文献
992.
地裂缝及其灾害研究的新进展 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
已查明我国 2 6个省市出现具一定规模的地裂缝 1 0 0 3处 ,60 0 0多条。其中 80 %是构造地裂缝 ,它们是地壳浅表层破裂。区域地裂缝与强震区分布一致 ,活跃期也相吻合 ,它们是同一构造应力场作用的不同构造现象 ,区域地裂缝释放地壳应变能远超过同期强震能量释放的总和。作为动力源的地裂缝活动使同期地质体发生位移产生形变场和应力场 ,并通过地基使建筑物结构等失稳失效破坏成灾 ,估算全国地裂缝造成的损失为 91 .2亿元 ,其中华北区损失占 70 %。地裂缝已构成一个新的独立的灾种。 相似文献
993.
本文从力学和地球流变学的角度,分析海平面变化所引起的沿海沉积盆地水力-沉积均衡作用的机制,提出一种估算被埋藏的古海平面标志物的地壳均衡沉降量的新方法。 相似文献
994.
太平洋铁锰结壳的锶同位素地球化学研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文研究中太平洋的翰斯顿岛卡林海山铁锰结壳RD4-2和东太平洋海盆铁锰结壳5405的锶同位素组成特征,并利用铁锰结壳的锶同位素组成与大洋海水锶同位素演化标准曲线对比,推断出结壳生长起始年龄、接三元混合模式,计算玄武质组分和硅铝质组分对锶同位素的贡献。 相似文献
995.
Geochemistry of the Jurassic Mirdita Ophiolite (Albania) and the MORB to SSZ evolution of a marginal basin oceanic crust 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The Middle Jurassic Mirdita Ophiolite in northern Albania is part of an ophiolite belt occurring between the Apulian and Pelagonian subcontinents in the Balkan Peninsula. The upper mantle and crustal units of the Mirdita Ophiolite show major changes in thickness, rock types, and chemical compositions from west to east as a result of its complex evolution in a suprasubduction zone (SSZ) environment. The 3–4-km-thick Western Mirdita Ophiolite (WMO) includes lherzolite–harzburgite, plagioclase–lherzolite, plagioclase–dunite in its upper mantle units and a plutonic complex composed of olivine gabbro, troctolite, ferrogabbro, and gabbro. These peridotites and gabbroic rocks are overlain directly by a 600-m-thick extrusive sequence containing basaltic pillow lavas and hyaloclastites. Sheeted dikes are rare in the WMO. The 12-km-thick Eastern Mirdita Ophiolite (EMO) includes tectonized harzburgite and dunite with extensive chromite deposits, as well as ultramafic cumulates including olivine clinopyroxenite, wehrlite, olivine websterite, and dunite forming a transitional Moho with the overlying lower crustal section. The plutonic rocks are made of pyroxenite, gabbronorite, gabbro, amphibole gabbro, diorite, quartz diorite, and plagiogranite. A well-developed sheeted dike complex has mutually intrusive relations with the underlying isotropic gabbros and plagiogranites and feeds into the overlying pillow lavas. Dike compositions change from older basalt to basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, quartz diorite, to late-stage andesitic and boninitic dikes as constrained by crosscutting relations. The 1.1-km-thick extrusive sequence comprises basaltic and basaltic andesitic pillow lavas in the lower 700 m, and andesitic, dacitic and rhyodacitic massive sheet flows in the upper 400 m. Rare boninitic dikes and lavas occur as the youngest igneous products within the EMO. The basaltic and basaltic andesitic rocks of the WMO extrusive sequence display MORB affinities with Ti and Zr contents decreasing upsection (TiO2 = 3.5–0.5%, Zr = 300–50 ppm), while Nd(T) (+ 8 to + 6.5) varies little. These magmas were derived from partial melting of fertile MORB-type mantle. Fractional crystallization was important in the evolution of WMO magmas. The low Ti and HREE abundances and Cs and Ba enrichments in the uppermost basaltic andesites may indicate an increased subduction influence in the evolution of the late-stage WMO magmas. Basaltic andesites in the lower 700 m of the EMO volcanic sequence have lower TiO2 ( 0.5%) and Zr ( 50 ppm) contents but Nd(T) values (+ 7 to + 6.5) are similar to those of the WMO lavas. These rocks show variable enrichment in subduction-enriched incompatible elements (Cs, Ba, Th, U, LREE). The basaltic andesites through dacites and boninites within the upper 400 meters of EMO lavas show low TiO2 ( 0.8–0.3%) and Nd(T) (+ 6.5 to + 3.0). The mantle source of these rocks was variably enriched in Th by melts derived from subducted sediments as indicated by the large variations in Ba, K, and Pb contents. EMO boninitic dikes and lavas and some gabbroic intrusions with negative Nd (T) values (− 1.4 and − 4.0, respectively) suggest that these magmas were produced from partial melting of previously depleted, ultra-refractory mantle. The MORB to SSZ transition (from west to east and stratigraphically upwards in the Mirdita Ophiolite and the progression of the Nd(T) values from + 8.0 to − 4.0 towards the east resulted from an eastward shift in protoarc–forearc magmatism, keeping pace with slab rollback in this direction. The mantle flow above the retreating slab and in the arc-wedge corner played a major role in the evolution of the melting column, in which melt generation, aggregation/mixing and differentiation occurred at all levels of the sub-arc/forearc mantle. The SSZ Mirdita Ophiolite evolved during the intra-oceanic collapse and closure of the Pindos marginal basin, which had a protracted tectonic history involving seafloor spreading, protoarc rifting, and trench-continent collision. 相似文献
996.
We present a model that may explain deep crustal earthquakes observed, in particular, in several areas of highly reflective (laminated) lower continental crust. We combine observations from earthquake seismology, crustal reflection seismics and tectonic-rheological concepts. The study concentrates on parts of the northern Alpine foreland where many earthquakes occur inside the laminated lower crust, which is generally considered to be warm and weak. Thin mafic/ultramafic, sill-like intrusions and invisible dykes are assumed to form a corset-like network with high strength. This model can explain the observed strong and multiple reflections and the occurrence of rupture inside a stable structure within a weak lower crust. Tectonic stress transfer (from the Alpine collision zone or/and the Upper Rhine Graben) and its release may follow classical friction concepts. In addition, the heterogeneity of the laminated lower crust may also favour various viscous instabilities. 相似文献
997.
大别造山带早白垩世基性岩的同位素特征及下地壳物质对岩浆源区的贡献 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
大别造山带中生代岩浆岩的物质来源和成因机制,是大陆碰撞造山带研究的热点和前沿问题之一.本文通过对北大别椒子岩和沙村岩体的早白垩世基性岩进行全岩的主量、微量元素特别是Pb-Sr-Nd同位素研究,探讨了北大别基性岩的岩浆源区性质及下地壳的贡献.椒子岩基性岩的(87Sr/86Sr);的范围为0.7072~0.7075,εNd(t)范围为-10.4~11.9;椒子岩和沙村基性岩的(206Pb/204Pb)i为16.464~17.394,(207Pb/204Pb)i为15.349~15.453,(208Pb/204Pb)i为37.338~37.976.这样的同位素组成显示岩浆源区中下地壳物质的贡献显著;尤其Pb同位素特征表明下地壳贡献来自大别造山带自身的下地壳.下地壳物质的参与可能与拆沉有关. 相似文献
998.
Biological soil crust development and its topsoil properties in the process of dune stabilization, Inner Mongolia, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This study was undertaken at Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Field samples of biological soil crusts (BSCs)
and underlying topsoil (0–5 cm under BSC) were taken in areas of different dune stabilization stages, and their physicochemical
properties were analyzed, including particle size distribution, bulk density, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, electrical
conductivity (EC), pH, and CaCO3 content. The results revealed that semi-mobile dunes, semi-fixed dunes and fixed dunes had developed a physical crust, algae
crust and moss crust, respectively. The thickness, hardness, water content, fine fraction and nutrient contents of BSCs were
gradually increasing along the dune stabilization gradient. Meanwhile, BSC establishment and development enhanced the bulk
density, silt and clay content, and nutrients of the topsoil under it, in an increasing tend from semi-mobile dune to fixed
dune. Organic matter concentrations and other nutrients in the 0–5 cm topsoil layer under BSCs were significantly higher compared
to unconsolidated soil (control). Moreover, there were strong significant positive correlations between topsoil and BSCs’
organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, CaCO3, and <0.05 mm particle content, suggesting that BSCs have an influence on some of the properties of the underlying topsoil. 相似文献
999.
Neoproterozoic crustal growth: The solid Earth system during a critical episode of Earth history 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
The behavior of the solid Earth system is often overlooked when the causes of major Neoproteozoic (1000–542 Ma) climate and biosphere events are discussed although 20% of the present continental crust formed or was remobilized during this time. Processes responsible for forming and deforming the continental crust during Neoproterozoic time were similar to those of the modern Earth and took place mostly but not entirely at convergent margin settings. Crustal growth and reworking occurred within the context of a supercontinent cycle, from breakup of Rodinia beginning 830 Ma to formation of a new supercontinent Greater Gondwana or Pannotia, 600 Ma. Neoproterozoic crust formation and deformation was heterogeneous in space and time, and was concentrated in Africa, Eurasia, and South America during the last 300 million years of Neoproterozoic time. In contrast, the solid Earth system was relatively quiescent during the Tonian period (1000–850 Ma). The vigor of Cryogenian and Ediacaran tectonic and magmatic processes and the similar timing of these events and development of Neoproterozoic glaciations and metazoa suggest that climate change and perhaps increasing biological complexity was strongly affected by the solid Earth system. 相似文献
1000.