开放式地理实体关系抽取的Bootstrapping方法     

余丽  陆锋  刘希亮 《测绘学报》2016,45(5):616-622

从网络文本中抽取地理实体间空间关系和语义关系要求高时效性和强鲁棒性。本文提出一种开放式地理实体关系的自动抽取方法,通过bootstrapping技术统计词语的词性、位置和距离特征来计算语境中词语权值,据此确定描述地理实体关系的关键词,最终组织成结构化实例,并使用百度百科和Stanford CoreNLP开展了试验。研究结果表明,本文方法能自动挖掘自然语言的部分词法特征,无须领域专家知识和大规模标注语料,适用于未知关系类型的信息抽取任务;较之经典的Frequency、TFIDF和PPMI频率统计方法,精度和召回率分别提升约5%和23%。  相似文献   

运用社交网络分析淹水空间信息之关联性     

周天颖  赖顺仁  黄崇典  杨龙士  叶美伶  吴政庭  方耀民 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):1299-1307

随着社交网络的普遍发展,大量的讯息透过智能手机发布在个人的微博或其他社交网站。台湾地区的社交网站以脸书(Facebook)的使用量最大,平均每天有近千万笔的讯息量,大多数的讯息多以食衣住行或个人讯息为主,但从本研究所撷取自2010年至2015年的数据中显示,公众在社交网站所分享的信息中具有降雨、淹水或相关灾情的讯息,而这些讯息具有极高比例的正确性。由于社交网站无法提供私人讯息,故本研究将从社交信息中,以地点为单位撷取大量的数据信息再辅以语意关键词萃取出有关可作为淹水预判的讯息数据。为检核资料的可性度,本研究透过历史台风数据FLO-2D仿真重建淹水之空间信息进行检核。从研究比对分析中发现,经萃取后的公众信息其与灾害的关联性及正确性相当显着,故透过社交网站中大量的非结构讯息,透过语意及空间的转换,可萃取转化为防灾信息,对广域的都市治理而言,此一讯息将可作为预判区域淹水或防救灾情报之有效参考。  相似文献   

Predictive geochemical mapping using environmental correlation     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The distribution of chemical elements at and near the Earth's surface, the so-called critical zone, is complex and reflects the geochemistry and mineralogy of the original substrate modified by environmental factors that include physical, chemical and biological processes over time.Geochemical data typically is illustrated in the form of plan view maps or vertical cross-sections, where the composition of regolith, soil, bedrock or any other material is represented. These are primarily point observations that frequently are interpolated to produce rasters of element distributions. Here we propose the application of environmental or covariate regression modelling to predict and better understand the controls on major and trace element geochemistry within the regolith. Available environmental covariate datasets (raster or vector) representing factors influencing regolith or soil composition are intersected with the geochemical point data in a spatial statistical correlation model to develop a system of multiple linear correlations. The spatial resolution of the environmental covariates, which typically is much finer (e.g. ∼90 m pixel) than that of geochemical surveys (e.g. 1 sample per 10-10,000 km²), carries over to the predictions. Therefore the derived predictive models of element concentrations take the form of continuous geochemical landscape representations that are potentially much more informative than geostatistical interpolations.Environmental correlation is applied to the Sir Samuel 1:250,000 scale map sheet in Western Australia to produce distribution models of individual elements describing the geochemical composition of the regolith and exposed bedrock. As an example we model the distribution of two elements – chromium and sodium. We show that the environmental correlation approach generates high resolution predictive maps that are statistically more accurate and effective than ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighting interpolation methods. Furthermore, insights can be gained into the landscape processes controlling element concentration, distribution and mobility from analysis of the covariates used in the model. This modelling approach can be extended to groups of elements (indices), element ratios, isotopes or mineralogy over a range of scales and in a variety of environments.  相似文献   

Kinetics of sulfide mineral oxidation in seawater: Implications for acid generation during in situ mining of seafloor hydrothermal vent deposits     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

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Selenium attenuation via reductive precipitation in unsaturated waste rock as a control on groundwater impacts in the Idaho phosphate patch     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Phosphate mining in southeastern Idaho has historically resulted in the release of dissolved metals and inorganics to groundwater and surface water, primarily due to leachate from waste rock in backfilled pits and overburden storage piles. Selenium (Se) is of particular concern due to its high concentration in leachate and its limited attenuation downgradient of source zones under oxic conditions. Assessments of potential groundwater/surface water impacts from waste rock typically involve laboratory characterization using saturated and unsaturated flow columns packed with waste rock. In this study, we compare the results of saturated and unsaturated column tests with groundwater quality data from the Mountain Fuel, Champ, South and Central Rasmussen Ridge Area (SCRRA), Smoky Canyon, Ballard, Henry, and Enoch Valley Mines, to understand the release and attenuation of Se in different geochemical environments. Column studies and field results demonstrate that the ratio of aqueous Se to aqueous sulfate (Se:SO₄ ratio) is a useful metric for understanding Se release and attenuation, where the extent of sulfate reduction is much less than Se reduction. Comparison of dissolved Se and sulfate results suggests that the net leachability of Se from unsaturated waste rock is variable. Overall, Se concentrations in groundwater directly beneath waste rock dumps is not as high as would be predicted from unsaturated columns. Lower Se:SO₄ ratios are observed immediately beneath waste rock dumps and backfilled pits relative to areas receiving shallow waste rock runoff. It is hypothesized that Se released in the oxic upper portions of the waste rock is subsequently attenuated via reductive precipitation at depth in unsaturated, low-oxygen portions of the waste rock. This highlights an important mechanism by which Se may be naturally attenuated within waste rock piles prior to discharge to groundwater and surface water. These results have important implications for mining practices in the region. A better understanding of Se dynamics can help drive waste rock management during active mining and capping/water management options during post-mining reclamation.  相似文献   

胶东玲珑金矿田175号脉群深部地质特征与成矿预测          下载免费PDF全文

朱随洲  王志浩  王春  叶官威  刘仁松  金刚  闵祥吉  周宇  张龙 《地质找矿论丛》2016,31(2):213-219

玲珑金矿属于以石英脉型为主的金矿床,其矿脉受玲珑断裂和破头青断裂控制。区内脉群发育,175号脉群是玲珑金矿的主要大型金矿脉群之一。文章通过总结175号脉群成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征,分析了控矿因素、矿体赋存规律、矿石类型等;阐述了175号脉群深部成矿规律,并根据见矿工程利用地质块段法预测175号脉群11—101勘探线范围-800 m标高以下(332+333)金矿石量192.44×10~4 t,金金属量8.5t。  相似文献   

复杂地质背景下露天采场边坡失稳地质灾害预测及其防治对策     

杨成奎  陈立根 《矿产与地质》2016,(3):472-476

露天采矿场边坡失稳作为露天开采矿山常见的一种地质灾害,对采矿工人的人身安全和矿山开采设施及财产造成了极大危害。本文通过对大宝山露天采场边坡相关影响因素的研究,从影响采场稳定性的地质因素、采空区综合分析,辅以赤平极射投影的方法,探讨了在复杂地质背景下露天采场边坡失稳地质灾害的预测及其综合治理对策。  相似文献   

采矿权资产证券化初探     

朱宇 《矿产与地质》2016,(6):1030-1034

随着国家经济的转型升级,去产能、去杠杆的推进,在目前经济不景气的情况下,大部分矿山企业迫切需要有创新性的融资渠道来解决企业融资难的问题.相比较而言,资产证券化比较适合矿山企业.矿山企业依托矿产资源而生存,拥有这些资源的开采权利(采矿权),毫无疑问是这个矿山企业的核心资产.本文研究了目前采矿权资产证券化的国内外研究现状,并且从内部的因素和外部的政策因素分析了采矿权资产证券化的动因,由此探索如何进行采矿权资产证券化的具体流程以及如何设计出交易结构.同时指出采矿权资产证券化有利于实现多方共赢,增加了企业的融资方式,有利于金融的创新.  相似文献   

基于GIS的青海高寒区矿山地质环境影响程度模糊评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁素凤  李鑫  杨亚慧 《地质灾害与环境保护》2016,(1):91-97

青海省的矿产资源主要分布于青藏高原高寒区,处于生态环境脆弱地区,具有独特的地质环境条件,生态环境保护与矿业的开发之间矛盾突出。本文以青海省东部大通河上游的江仓煤矿四井田为例,将影响矿山地质环境质量的主要矿山地质环境地质要素概括为自然因子和人为因子二大类。为尽可能实现多因素的影响和评价因子的量化,将评价因子划分为三级,建立了矿山地质环境影响程度评价指标体系。在GIS支持下,建立影响程度评价因子数据库。利用GIS空间栅格叠加分析功能,采用三级模糊综合评判方法对矿山地质环境影响程度进行了综合评价,编制了矿山地质环境影响程度评价图。基于GIS的矿山地质环境影响程度模糊评价方法将GIS技术和模糊数学理论引入矿山地质环境影响程度评价研究之中,达到了定性、定量以及定位相结合,从而可为受损的矿山地质环境实施科学保护与治理提供更加精确的信息。  相似文献   

受控定向钻进技术在福建马坑矿区的应用          下载免费PDF全文

邹道全 《探矿工程》2016,43(1):70-74,80

重点介绍了福建马坑矿区ZK8321分支孔受控定向钻进技术。施工中运用了国内先进的螺杆钻造斜技术及光纤陀螺测量定向技术,避开上部复杂孔段（松散破碎层、溶洞地层、采空区等）及对勘探工作的影响,达到了施工目的;总结了施工技术难点与措施,分析了施工技术效果,积累了宝贵的施工经验。  相似文献