海洋中溶解甲烷的原位检测技术研究进展     

于新生  李丽娜  胡亚丽  兰志刚 《地球科学进展》2011,26(10):1030-1037

海水中溶解甲烷气体不但对全球变暖和海洋环境变化有着重要影响,而且也是发现渗漏型天然气水合物赋存区的依据之一,海水溶解甲烷原位监测的新技术和新方法是获取海水甲烷通量变化过程的主要手段。原位甲烷传感器具有原位、实时、便于多时空尺度定量观测等特点,在海洋环境变化和全球气候变化研究,以及海底资源开发利用中具有广泛的应用前景。介...  相似文献   

Gas production from a cold, stratigraphically-bounded gas hydrate deposit at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Implications of uncertainties   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G.J. MoridisS. Silpngarmlert  M.T. Reagan  T. CollettK. Zhang 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(2):517-534

As part of an effort to identify suitable targets for a planned long-term field test, we investigate by means of numerical simulation the gas production potential from unit D, a stratigraphically bounded (Class 3) permafrost-associated hydrate occurrence penetrated in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well on North Slope, Alaska. This shallow, low-pressure deposit has high porosities (? = 0.4), high intrinsic permeabilities (k = 10⁻¹² m²) and high hydrate saturations (S_H = 0.65). It has a low temperature (T = 2.3-2.6 °C) because of its proximity to the overlying permafrost. The simulation results indicate that vertical wells operating at a constant bottomhole pressure would produce at very low rates for a very long period. Horizontal wells increase gas production by almost two orders of magnitude, but production remains low. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the initial deposit temperature is by the far the most important factor determining production performance (and the most effective criterion for target selection) because it controls the sensible heat available to fuel dissociation. Thus, a 1 °C increase in temperature is sufficient to increase the production rate by a factor of almost 8. Production also increases with a decreasing hydrate saturation (because of a larger effective permeability for a given k), and is favored (to a lesser extent) by anisotropy.  相似文献   

青藏高原周缘三次强地震伴生的卫星高光谱遥感地球化学异常     

姜莉  崔月菊  杜建国  丁志华  刘永梅  刘轶男 《地震》2021,41(2):129-144

利用卫星遥感高光谱AIRS数据, 获取了发生在青藏高原周缘三个不同构造单元的2017年8月九寨沟M_S7.0地震、 2019年4月西藏墨脱M_S6.3地震和2020年6月新疆于田M_S6.4地震伴生的CH₄气体地球化学异常。 用Matlab编程处理AIRS数据的结果表明, CH₄柱含量在三次地震前一周到半个月出现高值异常, 异常沿着断裂带分布, 其中断裂带的交会部位异常幅度较大。 由于地震所处的构造环境、 发震类型、 震级大小差异, 三个构造单元地震引起的CH₄气体浓度异常出现时间、 持续时间、 异常强度等方面存在一定差异。 三次地震前后遥感信息异常与地震活动对应较好, 这归因于在孕震应力场作用下地下气体沿着裂隙及裂缝的逸散作用。 研究结果对利用卫星高光谱分辨率遥感技术监测地震及其在大地震短临预测中的应用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Methane in shallow cold seeps at Mocha Island off central Chile     

Gerdhard L. JessenSilvio Pantoja  Marcelo A. GutiérrezRenato A. Quiñones  Rodrigo R. GonzálezJavier Sellanes  Matthias Y. KellermannKai-Uwe Hinrichs 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(6):574-581

We studied for the first time the intertidal and subtidal gas seepage system in Mocha Island off Central Chile. Four main seepage sites were investigated (of which one site included about 150 bubbling points) that release from 150 to 240 tonnes CH₄ into the atmosphere per year. The total amount of methane emitted into the atmosphere is estimated in the order of 800 tonnes per year. The gases emanated from the seeps contain 70% methane, and the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane, δ¹³C-CH₄ averaged −44.4±1.4‰ which indicates a major contribution of thermogenic gas. Adjacent to one of the subtidal seeps, rocky substrates support a diverse community of microbial filaments, macroalgae, and benthic organisms. While stable carbon isotopic compositions of marine benthic organisms indicate a dominant photosynthesis-based food web, those of some hard-substrate invertebrates were in the range −48.8‰ to −36.8‰, suggesting assimilation of methane-derived carbon by some selected taxa. This work highlights the potential subsidy of the trophic web by CH₄-C, and that its emission to the atmosphere justifies the need of evaluating the use of methane to support the energy requirements of the local community.  相似文献   

海洋沉积物甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)及其对无机硫循环的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴自军  任德章  周怀阳 《地球科学进展》2013,28(7):765-773

甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)在调控全球甲烷收支平衡以及缓解因甲烷引起的温室效应等方面扮演着十分重要的角色,成为近些年来海洋生物地球化学领域的研究热点之一.一般而言,海洋沉积物孔隙水硫酸盐还原主要是通过2种反应途径来完成,即氧化有机质途径和AOM途径.长期以来,与有机质氧化途径相关的硫酸盐还原作用研究已有充分展示,而由AOM驱动的硫酸盐还原及其对自生硫化铁形成与埋藏的重要贡献却被严重低估.侧重从生物地球化学、同位素地球化学等角度,综述近些年来不同环境条件下海洋沉积物AOM作用发生的地球化学证据和AOM对沉积物孔隙水硫酸盐消耗比例的贡献大小及其调控因素.AOM过程产生的H2S会与沉积物中活性铁结合形成自生铁硫化物.与沉积物浅表层条件相比,AOM过程固定的自生铁硫化物不容易发生再氧化,更利于在沉积物中埋藏保存起来.AOM与海洋沉积物硫酸盐还原作用相偶联,由AOM驱动的硫酸盐还原过程对海底自生铁硫化物形成与埋藏的重要贡献不容忽视.该综述有助加深对海洋沉积物AOM作用的认识及其对硫循环的全面理解.  相似文献   

生长旺盛期呼伦贝尔草甸草原生态系统呼吸与CH_4吸收通量的日变化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李梓铭  杜睿  杜鹏瑞  秦赛赛  王亚玲  梁宗敏  钟磊 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(6):743-752

利用静态箱法于2011年结实期和2012年开花期与结实期分别对不同人类活动(自由放牧和刈割)影响下的呼伦贝尔草甸草原及相应的封育草原的CH4通量和植物土壤系统呼吸作用排放的CO2通量进行野外定位观测研究。结果表明:呼伦贝尔草甸草原(放牧和刈割及其对应的封育样地)均表现为CH4的汇,3个观测时期汇强的变化范围为:-23.98±6.40~-95.96±28.57μg Cm-2 h-1。呼伦贝尔草甸草原CH4通量的日变化对温度的响应较为复杂。不同时期呼伦贝尔草甸草原的植物土壤系统呼吸速率的日变化存在差异,水分和温度的共同影响造成2012年结实期日均CO2排放量低于2011年结实期。放牧对呼伦贝尔草甸草原CH4吸收通量的日变化模式的影响较小,但在2011年结实期和2012年开花期促进了CH4日均通量(促进幅度12.05%~93.35%),2012年结实期放牧降低了CH4日均通量(降低幅度23.32%~30.43%);刈割降低CH4吸收日均通量11.55%~60.62%。呼伦贝尔草甸草原日均累计碳排放量中CH4所占比例为0.35%~2.62%,而放牧和刈割行为对呼伦贝尔草甸草原的日均累计碳排放的影响结果在不同物候期以及不同植被群落类型均有不同。  相似文献   

底物和电子受体对互花米草湿地沉积物甲烷产生潜力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鄂焱  仝川  王维奇  姚顺  杨红玉 《湿地科学与管理》2010,6(1):49-54

采用室内厌氧培养法研究闽江河口潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生不同底物(醋酸、甲醇和三甲胺)及电子受体(SO42-、NO3-和NH4+)对外来入侵种互花米草Spartinaalterniflora湿地表层沉积物甲烷产生潜力的影响,结果表明:盐湿地非竞争性甲烷产生底物中的甲醇对互花米草湿地表层沉积物甲烷产生潜力的促进作用最大,高于醋酸和三甲胺,且3种底物的添加均在培养5d后对沉积物甲烷产生潜力的促进作用最为明显;随着培养时间的增加,不同浓度的SO42-、NO3-、NH4+的添加对沉积物甲烷产生潜力的影响呈现出抑制作用或无抑制作用2种结果,添加电子受体的浓度越高,对沉积物甲烷产生潜力的抑制作用越显著。  相似文献   

多组分天然气水合物在海底沉积层中稳定区及存在区的预测   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

陈祖安  白武明  徐文跃 《地球物理学报》2005,48(4):870-875

本文研究了多组分天然气在海底沉积层中稳定区和存在区的一些特点. 首先,考虑盐的浓度的影响,建立了天然气含有甲烷和丙烷两种组分的水合物形成的相变曲线,即温度和压力关系曲线,同时也建立了甲烷和丙烷两种组分天然气溶解度的加权关系. 运用水合物预测模型,计算了多组分天然气水合物在海底沉积层中的稳定区及存在区,并同单组分的甲烷水合物的结果进行了对比.计算表明：两种组分的天然气水合物的稳定区与单组分甲烷水合物的稳定区有较大差别,这归因于丙烷对相变曲线大的影响;当天然气浓度大于对应的溶解度时,水合物将形成,由此决定了存在区域;稳定区和存在区范围都受到丙烷含量的较大影响,盐度的增大则减少了稳定区范围. 最后对甲烷分别与其他气体（例如二氧化碳,乙烷和硫化氢等）组合的天然气水合物形成的稳定区范围进行了简要的分析.  相似文献   

Potential for gas hydrate formation at the northwest New Zealand shelf margin - New insights from seismic reflection data and petroleum systems modelling     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

In this study we provide evidence for methane hydrates in the Taranaki Basin, occurring a considerable distance from New Zealand's convergent margins, where they are well documented. We describe and reconstruct a unique example of gas migration and leakage at the edge of the continental shelf, linking shallow gas hydrate occurrence to a deeper petroleum system. The Taranaki Basin is a well investigated petroleum province with numerous fields producing oil and gas. Industry standard seismic reflection data show amplitude anomalies that are here interpreted as discontinuous BSRs, locally mimicking the channelized sea-floor and pinching out up-slope. Strong reverse polarity anomalies indicate the presence of gas pockets and gas-charged sediments. PetroMod™ petroleum systems modelling predicts that the gas is sourced from elevated microbial gas generation in the thick slope sediment succession with additional migration of thermogenic gas from buried Cretaceous petroleum source rocks. Cretaceous–Paleogene extensional faults underneath the present-day slope are interpreted to provide pathways for focussed gas migration and leakage, which may explain two dry petroleum wells drilled at the Taranaki shelf margin. PetroMod™ modelling predicts concentrated gas hydrate formation on the Taranaki continental slope consistent with the anomalies observed in the seismic data. We propose that a semi-continuous hydrate layer is present in the down-dip wall of incised canyons. Canyon incision is interpreted to cause the base of gas hydrate stability to bulge downward and thereby trap gas migrating up-slope in permeable beds due to the permeability decrease caused by hydrate formation in the pore space. Elsewhere, hydrate occurrence is likely patchy and may be controlled by focussed leakage of thermogenic gas. The proposed presence of hydrates in slope sediments in Taranaki Basin likely affects the stability of the Taranaki shelf margin. While hydrate presence can be a drilling hazard for oil and gas exploration, the proposed presence of gas hydrates opens up a new frontier for exploration of hydrates as an energy source.  相似文献   

Earliest Cretaceous (late Berriasian) glendonites from Northeast Siberia revise the timing of initiation of transient Early Cretaceous cooling in the high latitudes     

《Cretaceous Research》2017

The studies of past climatic changes form the basis for predicting our future anthropogenic world and are among the most prominent topics in current Earth sciences. Although the Cretaceous is generally considered as a greenhouse period in Earth's history, a number of significant cooling events based on an array of climatic proxies have been identified. Here we present the first data on Berriasian (Ryazanian) glendonite findings from the paleontologically well dated Lower Cretaceous succession of northeastern Siberia. Based on well calibrated Buchia and ammonite biostratigraphy, the stratigraphic interval across which the glendonites occur is restricted to the late Berriasian. Stable carbon isotope (δ¹³C) values of the studied glendonites clearly suggest the precipitation of ikaite from marine water without any significant contamination from biogenic methane. Our results, when integrated with other available paleoclimatic proxies from elsewhere in the high latitudes, suggest a revision of the initiation of Early Cretaceous cooling in the high latitudes from the Valanginian to the late Berriasian. All known occurrences of Lower Cretaceous glendonites in both the northern and southern hemispheres are reviewed.  相似文献