汶川M_S 8.0地震:龙门山断裂两侧地壳各向异性的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

齐少华  刘启元  陈九辉  李昱  李顺成  郭飚  王峻 《地震地质》2009,31(3):377

利用中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室在川西地区布设的大规模密集流动宽频带地震台阵记录的远震P波波形数据,分别采用波形互相关和加权叠加方法研究了地壳各向异性。作为初步结果,得到了龙门山断裂两侧4个宽频带流动台站的接收函数莫霍面Ps转换震相快波方向和分裂时间延迟。结果表明:1)波形互相关方法总体上优于方位加权叠加方法,它不但可以给出快波方位,而且可以给出快慢波的时间延迟;方位加权叠加方法测量结果存在不确定性,其原因在于难以确定介质各向异性对称轴的方位;同时采用上述2种不同方法研究地壳各向异性参数有助于判断测量结果的可靠性;2)四川盆地内快波偏振方位基本一致,表明四川盆地地壳整体性较好,横向非均匀变形较弱;3)以汶川地震主震的震中区为界,松潘-甘孜地块北侧快波偏振方位与龙门山断裂近于平行,表明在四川盆地坚硬地壳的阻挡作用下,龙门山断裂附近松潘-甘孜地块北侧可能存在中下地壳软弱物质沿断层向NE方向的扩张变形,而其南侧处于正向挤压的状态。该结果有助于解释汶川MS8.0地震的单侧破裂过程及其余震发育的特征  相似文献   

长白山地区现今地应力测量结果与应力状态分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张春山  吴满路  张重远  廖椿庭  张淼 《地球物理学报》2016,59(3):922-930

本文通过在长白山地区不同地点进行原地测量获得了现今地应力实测值的大小和方向.为了研究长白山地区现今地应力状态,结合长白山火山监测工程的需要,我们在长白山地区进行了现场地应力测量,首次取得了该区的地应力实测数据.测量方法采用水压致裂法,测点分别布置在安图县永庆乡东清村和松江镇冰湖屯村,抚松县仙人桥镇大青川村等三个不同的构造部位,测量深度为40~95m.测量结果表明:本区现今最大水平主应力方向在天池北部以NW—NNW向为主,而在天池西部则为近EW向为主;最大水平主应力值一般为2.31~12.39 MPa,最小水平主应力值一般为1.39~7.02 MPa.与其他地区相比较,本区属中等偏高应力区.本文对研究区现今应力状态进行了初步分析,本区现今地应力状态主要受区域构造影响,同时受天池岩浆活动和地热田的影响,具有复杂性.  相似文献   

Denudation intensity and control in the Chinese Tian Shan: new constraints from mass balance on catchment‐alluvial fan systems          下载免费PDF全文

Laure Guerit  Laurie Barrier  Marc Jolivet  Bihong Fu  François Métivier 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(8):1088-1106

Tectonics and climate are usually seen as the main controlling factors of denudation rates, which seem to rise with the tectonic activity and to decrease when the climate becomes drier. However, the low denudation rates observed in semi‐arid to arid contexts are generally measured on orogenic plateaus where the respective influence of the flat relief and the dry climate cannot really be unravelled. The Chinese Tian Shan was chosen as a case study. In the northern piedmont of this mountain range, a series of well‐preserved Quaternary alluvial fans offer the opportunity to perform a mass balance study at the scale of several catchment areas and several hundreds of thousands of years. Based on a geometrical reconstruction of these fans, the volumes of sediments exported out of 10 drainage basins during the Middle–Late Pleistocene (from ～300 to ～12 kyr) and the Holocene (from ～12 kyr to present) have been estimated. From these volumes, an average denudation rate of ～135 m/Myr was determined in the Tian Shan Range for the last 300 kyr. In agreement with other mass balances performed in the same area, the typical denudation intensity of the northern Tian Shan is thus of a few hundred meters per million years at most, regardless of the space and time scales considered. From a comparison with denudation rates in other mountain ranges throughout the world, we suggest that a dry climate can dramatically limit the denudation intensity even in active orogenic systems with a high topographic gradient like the Tian Shan. As a result, the time required to reach equilibrium between denudation and rock uplift in these systems could be extremely long (i.e. of more than several million years). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

FOCAL MECHANISM AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE M5.0 YUEXI EARTHQUAKE ON 1 OCT. 2014, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA          下载免费PDF全文

YI Gui-xi  LONG Feng  ZHAO Min  GONG Yue  ZHANG Zhi-wei  QIAO Hui-zhen 《地震地质》2016,38(4):1124-1136

The Oct.1,2014 M5.0 Yuexi earthquake occurred on the Daliang Shan fault zone where only several historical moderate earthquakes were recorded.Based on the waveform data from Sichuan regional seismic network,we calculated the focal mechanism solution and centroid depth of the M5.0 Yuexi earthquake by CAP (Cut and Paste) waveform inversion method,and preliminarily analyzed the seismogenic structure.We also calculated the apparent stress values of the M5.0 earthquake and other 14 M_L≥4.0 events along the Shimian-Qiaojia fault segment of the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block.The result indicates that the parameters of the focal mechanism solution are with a strike of 256°,dip of 62°,and slip of 167° for the nodal plane Ⅰ,and strike of 352°,dip of 79°,and slip of 29° for the nodal plane Ⅱ.The azimuth of the P axis is 121° with dip angle of 11°,the azimuth of T axis is 217° with dip angle of 28°,and the centroid depth is about 11km,and moment magnitude is M_W5.1.According to the focal mechanism solution and the fault geometry near the epicenter,we infer that the seismogenic fault is a branch fault,i.e.,the Puxiong Fault,along the central segment of the Daliang Shan fault zone.Thus,the nodal plane Ⅱ was interpreted as the coseismic rupture plane.The M5.0 Yuexi earthquake is a strike-slip faulting event with an oblique component.The above findings reveal the M5.0 Yuexi earthquake resulted from the left-lateral strike-slip faulting of the NNW Dalang Shan fault zone under the nearly horizontal principal compressive stress regime in an NWW-SEE direction.The apparent stress value of the Yuexi earthquake is 0.99MPa,higher than those of the M_L ≥ 4.0 earthquakes along the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block since 2008 Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake,implying a relatively high stress level on the seismogenic area and greater potential for the moderate and strong earthquake occurrence.It may also reflect the current increasing stress level of the entire area along the eastern boundary,and therefore,posing the risk of strong earthquakes there.  相似文献   

THE DISCUSSION FOR THE NEW ACTIVITY OF THE TIANQUAN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE 1327 TIANQUAN EARTHQUAKE,SICHUAN          下载免费PDF全文

LIANG Ming-jian  CHEN Li-chun  RAN Yong-kang  WANG Hu  LI Dong-yu 《地震地质》2016,38(3):546-559

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault zone, only five years later, another M7 Lushan earthquake struck the southern segment where its seismic risk has been highly focused by multiple geoscientists since this event. Through geological investigations and paleoseismic trenching, we suggest that the segment along the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault at south of the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is active during Holocene. Along the fault, some discontinuous fault trough valleys developed and the fault dislocated the late Quaternary strata as the trench exposed. Based on analysis of historical records of earthquakes, we suggest that the epicenter of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake should be located near Tianquan and associated with the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault. Furthermore, we compared the ranges of felt earthquakes(the 2013 M7 Lushan earthquake and the 1970 M_S6.2 Dayi earthquake)and suggest that the magnitude of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake is more possible between 6½ and 7. The southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone behaves as a thrust fault system consisting of several sub-paralleled faults and its deep structure shows multiple layers of decollement, which might disperse strain accumulation effectively and make the thrust system propagate forward into the foreland basin, creating a new decollement on a gypsum-salt bed. The soft bed is thick and does not facilitate to constrain fault deformation and accumulate strain, which produces a weak surface tectonic expression and seismic activity along the southern segment, this is quite different from that of the middle and northern segments of the Longmen Shan fault zone.  相似文献   

地壳流变结构控制作用下的龙门山断裂带地震发生机理   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

柳畅  石耀霖  朱伯靖  程惠红  杨小林 《地球物理学报》2014,57(2):404-418

青藏高原东缘低地形变速率的龙门山断裂带上相继发生了2008汶川M_w7.9级地震和2013芦山M_w6.6级地震.地震勘探与震源定位结果揭示了龙门山区域地震空间分布特征：纵向上,龙门山断裂带这两次地震主震均发生在龙门山断裂带上地壳的底部（14~19 km）,绝大部分余震均发生在上地壳范围（5~25 km）,而在其中、下地壳深度范围内鲜见余震发生;横向上,地震（M_w>3）在龙门山断裂带青藏高原一侧密集分布且曾有大震发生,而四川盆地地震稀少（M_w>3）.为探讨龙门山断裂带地震发生机理,并解释以上龙门山区域地震空间分布特征,本文建立了龙门山断裂带西南段跨芦山地震震中区域的四种不同流变结构的龙门山断裂带三维岩石圈模型,以地表GPS观测资料为约束边界条件,数值模拟龙门山断裂带岩石圈在数千年以上长期匀速构造挤压作用下的应力积累特征,探讨了地壳分层流变性质对地壳应力积累的影响,分析了该区域地震空间分布与构造应力积累速率的关系.计算结果表明：该区域在数千年的应力积累过程中,脆性上地壳中应力表现近于恒定值的线性增长趋势,龙门山断裂带上地壳底部出现应力集中积累现象,这一应力集中现象可以解释龙门山断裂带汶川地震与芦山地震主震的发生,及其大部分余震在脆性上地壳中的触发;青藏高原一侧上地壳应力积累速率远远高于四川盆地的应力积累速率,这一应力积累分布现象可以解释龙门山区域青藏高原一侧地震密集而四川盆地地震稀少的地震空间分布特征;通过比较不同流变结构模型中的应力积累状态,认为导致这一应力积累空间分布状态的重要控制因素在于青藏高原中、下地壳较低的黏滞系数与四川盆地中、下地壳较高的黏滞系数的差异.在柔性的中、下地壳内,应力增长近于指数形式,稳定状态之后其应力增长速率近于零,构造应力积累难以达到岩石破裂强度,因而鲜见地震发生.地壳各层位的应力增长率差异与地震成层分布的现象共同揭示了龙门山区域岩石圈分层流变结构：脆性上地壳、韧性中、下地壳（青藏高原一侧较弱,四川盆地一侧较强）、韧性岩石圈上地幔.  相似文献   

龙门山构造带晚新生代剥蚀作用与均衡隆升的地表过程研究     

闫亮  李勇  邓涛  颜照坤  云锟  邵崇建  董顺利 《地球学报》2019,40(1):76-92

基于SRTM DEM数据,以青藏高原东缘龙门山地区为研究区域,本文通过条带状剖面分析、古地形面(残余面)恢复以及弹性挠曲模拟等研究手段,计算了青藏高原东缘龙门山地区晚新生代地壳均衡隆升与地表剥蚀之间的定量关系,探讨了龙门山地区表面剥蚀作用与均衡隆升作用之间的地表响应过程,从而为研究青藏高原东缘龙门山地区晚新生代以来的剥蚀—成山作用的隆升机制提供定量依据。研究表明:(1)晚新生代以来龙门山的地表剥蚀量为(0.74～1.14)×105km3;(2)大量的地表剥蚀作用驱动了青藏高原东缘龙门山的地壳均衡反弹,使龙门山隆升了近2 km;(3)龙门山地区地表剥蚀量和均衡隆升量具有空间匹配性,岷山断块及龙门山中、南段的均衡隆升量高于青藏高原东缘其它区域,反映了晚新生代以来龙门山地区在不同分段内差异化的构造地貌形态及与剥蚀—隆升相关的地表过程。(4)龙门山的隆升是多期、多种隆升机制叠加的产物,其隆升过程具有历史性和复合性。均衡隆升和剥蚀作用在相似的时间尺度上和空间尺度上控制着龙门山地貌的形成,约束了青藏高原东缘龙门山的隆升机制。  相似文献   

Neoproterozoic alkaline intrusive complex in the northwestern Yangtze Block,Micang Mountains region,South China: petrogenesis and tectonic significance     

Bao-Ping Gan  Jiang-Feng Qin  Ren-Zhi Zhu  Shao-Wei Zhao  Tong Li 《International Geology Review》2017,59(3):311-332

Voluminous Neoproterozoic mafic–ultramafic, felsic, and alkaline intrusions are found in the northern Yangtze Block, South China. Here, we present whole-rock major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, together with zircon U–Pb ages, for syenite and gabbro samples from the Shuimo–Zhongziyuan alkaline intrusive complex in the Micang Mountains region at the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. Zircon U–Pb dating yields crystallization ages for the Na- and K-rich Shuimo syenites of 869 ± 4 (MSWD = 0.85, 2σ) and 860 ± 5 Ma (MSWD = 0.47, 2σ), respectively, and for the Zhongziyuan gabbros of 753 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 0.23, 2σ), indicating that the syenites and gabbros represent different stages of magmatism. The syenites include both Na- and K-rich types and have high values of the Rittman index (σ), and high SiO₂ and Na₂O + K₂O contents. These syenites are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), but depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSE), with high (La/Yb)_N values and small negative and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.74–1.17). In contrast, the gabbros have lower SiO₂ and Na₂O + K₂O contents, are only slightly enriched in LREEs, are enriched in LILE but depleted in HFSEs, and have small negative and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.86–1.37). The syenites have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703340) and ?_Nd(t) values (+1.9 to +7.7). The gabbros have relatively high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.703562–0.704933) and positive ?_Nd(t) values (+1.6 to +4.5). These data suggest that the syenites and gabbros are isotopically similar and were largely derived from melts of depleted mantle. The syenites underwent significant fractional crystallization and small amounts of crustal contamination during magma evolution. In contrast, the gabbros were formed by partial melting (>15%) of a garnet lherzolite source and might also have experienced crustal assimilation. Taking into account the geochemical signatures and magmatic events, we propose that the Shuimo syenites formed in an intra-arc rifting setting, however, the Zhongziyuan gabbros were most likely produced in a subduction-related, continental margin arc setting during the Neoproterozoic, thus suggesting that the alkaline intrusive complex were formed by the arc-related magmatism in the Micang Mountains.  相似文献   

Zircon and molybdenite geochronology and geochemistry of the Kalmakyr porphyry Cu–Au deposit,Almalyk district,Uzbekistan: Implications for mineralization processes     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

Copper, gold and molybdenum mineralization of the Kalmakyr porphyry deposit in Uzbek Tien Shan occurs as stockworks, veinlets and disseminations in the phyllic and K-silicate alteration zones developed predominantly in a middle to late Carboniferous intrusive complex composed of monzonite and granodiorite porphyry. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded an age of 327.2 ± 5.6 Ma for the ore-hosting monzonite and an age of 313.6 ± 2.8 Ma for the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry. Re–Os dating of seven molybdenite samples from stockwork and veinlet ores yielded model ages from 313.2 to 306.3 Ma, with two well-constrained isochron ages of 307.6 ± 2.5 Ma (five stockwork ores) and 309.1 ± 2.2 Ma (five stockwork ores and two veinlet ores), respectively. These results indicate that Cu–Au mineralization post-dated the emplacement of the monzonite, started right after the emplacement of the granodiorite porphyry, and lasted for ca. 7 Ma afterward. The geochronological and geochemical data suggest that the Kalmakyr deposit was formed in a late Carboniferous mature magmatic arc setting, probably related to the latest subduction process of the Turkestan Ocean beneath the Middle Tien Shan. The ε_Hf(t) values of zircon grains from the monzonite vary from +11 to +1.7, with an average of +5.1, and those of zircon grains from the granodiorite porphyry range from +5.7 to −1.8, with an average of +2.4. These data indicate that the magma of both monzonite and granodiorite porphyry was derived from partial melting of a thickened lower crust with input of mantle components and variable crustal contamination, and that there was more mantle contribution to the formation of the monzonite than the granodiorite porphyry. The high rhenium concentrations of molybdenite (98–899 ppm) also indicate major mantle contribution of rhenium and by inference ore metals. The relatively high Eu_N/Eu_N¹ values (average 0.68), Ce⁴⁺/Ce³ values (average 890) and Ce/Nd values (average 36.8) for zircon grains from the granodiorite porphyry than those from the monzonite (average Eu_N/Eu_N¹ = 0.33, average Ce⁴⁺/Ce³ = 624, average Ce/Nd = 3.9) suggest that the magma for the syn-mineralization granodiorite porphyry has higher oxygen fugacity than that for the pre-mineralization monzonite. Based on these data, it is proposed that while the monzonite was emplaced, the oxygen fugacity and volatile contents in the magma were relatively low, and ore metals might disperse in the intrusive rock, whereas when the granodiorite porphyry was emplaced, the oxygen fugacity and volatile contents in the magma were increased, favoring copper and gold enrichment in the magmatic fluids. The Kalmakyr deposit formed from a long-lived magmatic-hydrothermal system connected with fertile magmatic sources in relation to the subduction of the Turkestan Ocean beneath the Middle Tien Shan.  相似文献   

龙门山造山带的早期活动及其对造山作用的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑勇  李海兵  王焕  张蕾  李成龙 《岩石学报》2017,33(12):3957-3972

2008年汶川地震后,在映秀-北川同震地表破裂带南段虹口乡八角庙地区发现有假玄武玻璃出露于~240m宽的断裂带内,代表了断裂带以往地震和断裂活动的直接产物。这套假玄武玻璃的高温熔融成因得到了元素地球化学和熔融结构的证实。玻璃基质、蚀变矿物和碎屑斑晶的化学分析显示假玄武玻璃继承了碎裂岩/超碎裂岩围岩的主要化学成分,除石英外,主要由长石和云母两种端员组分选择性熔融形成,并呈现出了化学组分分布的不均一性。假玄武玻璃的锆石U-Pb和玻璃基质~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年结果证实映秀-北川断裂的古地震发生于229~216Ma的中-晚三叠世,并具有11~14km的震源深度,表明映秀-北川断裂的早期活动始于印支期的造山运动。伴随着印支造山运动的发生,龙门山断裂带形成了其初始构造框架,并对之后的构造演化产生了深远的影响。  相似文献